In this article, you can read the instructions for using the drug Pentalgin. The reviews of site visitors - consumers of this medicine, as well as opinions of doctors of specialists on the use of Pentalgin in their practice are presented. A big request is to actively add your reviews about the drug: whether the medicine helped or did not help get rid of the disease, what complications and side effects were observed that may not have been declared by the manufacturer in the annotation. Pentalgin's analogs in the presence of available structural analogs. Use for the treatment of headache, toothache and other pain and temperature in adults, children, as well as during pregnancy and breastfeeding. The composition of the drug and the conditions of non-prescription and prescription dispensing, depending on the availability of components prohibited for widespread sale.
Pentalgin is a combined drug that has an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, antipyretic effect.
Paracetamol is an analgesic-antipyretic, has antipyretic and analgesic effects due to the blockade of COX in the central nervous system and the effect on the centers of pain and thermoregulation.
Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent that has anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects associated with non-selective suppression of COX activity, which regulates prostaglandin synthesis.
Caffeine is a psychostimulant that causes dilation of blood vessels in skeletal muscles, heart, kidneys; increases mental and physical performance, helps to eliminate fatigue and drowsiness; increases the permeability of histohematogenous barriers and increases the bioavailability of non-narcotic analgesics, thereby enhancing the therapeutic effect. Has a tonic effect on the vessels of the brain.
Drotaverine - has a myotropic spasmolytic effect due to inhibition of PDE 4, acts on the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, biliary tract, genitourinary system, blood vessels.
Pheniramine is a histamine H1 receptor blocker. It has an antispasmodic and mild sedative effect, reduces exudation phenomena, and also enhances the analgesic effect of paracetamol and naproxen.
Codeine has an analgesic effect due to the excitation of opioid receptors in various parts of the central nervous system, leading to stimulation of the antinociceptive system and changes in the emotional perception of pain.
Phenobarbital - barbiturate, increases the analgesic efficacy of metamizole sodium and paracetamol.
Phenobarbital and codeine increase the analgesic effect of metamizole sodium and naproxen.
Paracetamol + Naproxen + Caffeine + Drotaverine hydrochloride + Pheniramine maleate + excipients (green tablets, do not contain codeine and are sold without a prescription).
Metamizole sodium + Naproxen + Caffeine + Phenobarbital + Codeine (in the form of phosphate) + excipients (Pentalgin N).
Paracetamol + Metamizole sodium + Caffeine + Phenobarbital + Codeine phosphate + excipients (Pentalgin ICN).
Paracetamol + Propyphenazone + Caffeine + Codeine phosphate + Phenobarbital + excipients (Pentalgin Plus).
The components of the drug are well absorbed in the digestive tract.
In the intestinal wall, it is hydrolyzed to form an active metabolite, 4-methyl-amino-antipyrine, which in turn is metabolized to 4-formyl-amino-antipyrine and other metabolites. The binding of the active metabolite to proteins is 50-60%. Metabolites are excreted by the kidneys and excreted in breast milk.
Bioavailability is 95%. Binds to blood proteins. It is excreted in the urine mainly in the form of a metabolite (dimethylnaproxen), in small quantities in the bile.
It is well absorbed in the intestines. It is excreted mainly by the kidneys in the form of metabolites, about 10% - unchanged.
Slightly binds to plasma proteins. Undergoes biotransformation in the liver (10% is converted to morphine by demethylation). It is excreted by the kidneys (5-15% - unchanged).
Penetrates well through the placental barrier. Biotransformed in the liver. The main metabolite has no pharmacological activity. It is excreted by the kidneys, incl. 20-25% - unchanged.
- pain syndrome of various origins, including pain in joints, muscles, sciatica, algomenorrhea, neuralgia, toothache, headache (including those caused by spasm of the cerebral vessels);
- pain syndrome associated with spasm of smooth muscles, incl. with chronic cholecystitis, gallstone disease, postcholecystectomy syndrome, renal colic;
- post-traumatic and postoperative pain syndrome, incl. accompanied by inflammation;
- colds accompanied by a febrile syndrome (as symptomatic therapy).
Tablets (green, over-the-counter).
Tablets (H, ICN, Plus).
Instructions for use and dosage
The drug is prescribed 1 tablet 1-3 times a day. The maximum daily dose is 4 tablets.
The drug should not be taken for more than 5 days as a pain reliever and more than 3 days as an antipyretic drug without a doctor's prescription.
Do not exceed the indicated dose of the drug.
- skin rash;
- hives;
- angioedema;
- thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, agranulocytosis, anemia;
- excitation;
- anxiety;
- increased reflexes;
- tremor;
- headache;
- sleep disorders;
- dizziness;
- decreased concentration of attention;
- palpitations;
- arrhythmias;
- increased blood pressure;
- erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract;
- nausea, vomiting;
- epigastric discomfort;
- stomach ache;
- constipation;
- impaired renal function;
- hearing loss;
- noise in ears;
- increased intraocular pressure in patients with angle-closure glaucoma;
- dermatitis;
- increased breathing.
- erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract (in the acute phase);
- complete or incomplete combination of bronchial asthma, recurrent polyposis of the nose and paranasal sinuses and intolerance to acetylsalicylic acid or other NSAIDs (including a history);
- severe liver failure;
- severe renal failure;
- anemia, leukopenia;
- condition after coronary artery bypass grafting;
- severe organic diseases of the cardiovascular system (including acute myocardial infarction);
- paroxysmal tachycardia;
- frequent ventricular premature beats;
- severe arterial hypertension;
- alcoholic intoxication;
- glaucoma;
- hyperkalemia;
- deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase;
- pregnancy;
- lactation period (breastfeeding);
- children and adolescents up to 18 years old;
- hypersensitivity to drug components.
Application during pregnancy and lactation
The use of the drug during pregnancy and lactation (breastfeeding) is contraindicated.
Use in elderly patients
The drug should be used with caution in elderly patients.
Avoid the simultaneous use of the drug Pentalgin with other drugs containing paracetamol and / or NSAIDs, as well as with drugs to relieve the symptoms of colds, flu and nasal congestion.
When using the drug Pentalgin for more than 5-7 days, you should monitor the peripheral blood parameters and the functional state of the liver.
Paracetamol distorts the results of laboratory tests of glucose and uric acid in blood plasma.
If it is necessary to determine 17-ketosteroids, Pentalgin should be canceled 48 hours before the study. It should be borne in mind that naproxen increases bleeding time.
The effect of caffeine on the central nervous system depends on the type of the nervous system and can manifest itself as arousal and inhibition of higher nervous activity.
During treatment, the patient should avoid drinking alcohol.
Influence on the ability to drive vehicles and use mechanisms
In some cases, it is possible to reduce the concentration of attention and the speed of psychomotor reactions, therefore, during the period of treatment, the patient should be careful when driving vehicles and engaging in other potentially hazardous activities that require increased concentration of attention and speed of psychomotor reactions.
With the simultaneous administration of the drug Pentalgin with barbiturates, tricyclic antidepressants, rifampicin, ethanol (alcohol), the risk of hepatotoxic action increases (these combinations should be avoided).
Paracetamol enhances the effect of indirect anticoagulants and reduces the effectiveness of uricosuric drugs.
Long-term use of barbiturates reduces the effectiveness of paracetamol.
With the simultaneous use of paracetamol with ethanol (alcohol) increases the risk of acute pancreatitis.
Inhibitors of microsomal oxidation (including cimetidine) reduce the risk of hepatotoxic effects of paracetamol.
Diflunisal increases the plasma concentration of paracetamol by 50%, which increases the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Naproxen can cause a decrease in the diuretic effect of furosemide, an increase in the effect of indirect anticoagulants, increases the toxicity of sulfonamides and methotrexate, reduces the excretion of lithium and increases its concentration in blood plasma.
With the combined use of caffeine and barbiturates, primidone, anticonvulsants (hydantoin derivatives, especially phenytoin), it is possible to increase metabolism and increase the clearance of caffeine; while taking caffeine and cimetidine, oral contraceptives, disulfiram, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin - a decrease in the metabolism of caffeine in the liver (slowing down its excretion and increasing its concentration in the blood).
The simultaneous use of caffeinated beverages and other drugs that stimulate the central nervous system can lead to overstimulation of the central nervous system.
With the simultaneous use of drotaverine can weaken the antiparkinsonian effect of levodopa.
With the simultaneous use of pheniramine with tranquilizers, hypnotics, MAO inhibitors, ethanol (alcohol), it is possible to increase the inhibitory effect on the central nervous system.
Analogs of the drug Pentalgin
Structural analogs for the active substance:
What helps Pentalgin
Pentalgin is an effective combined drug that helps to quickly eliminate moderate or severe pain syndrome caused by various diseases.
This analgesic (analgesic) agent also has a good antispasmodic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effect, which can significantly reduce the inflammatory process in the body.
The main components of Pentalgin's medicinal substances are Drotaverin (relieves spasms of smooth muscles of the body), Caffeine (normalizes the tone of blood vessels), Naproxen (has an analgesic effect), as well as Paracetamol (antipyretic and analgesic properties).
The drug allows you to quickly eliminate moderate or fairly severe pain of various nature.
The main indications for the use of Pentalgin:
- pain syndrome with radiculitis, neuralgia, arthritis, gallstone disease, renal colic, etc.;
- severe toothache or headache;
- neuralgia;
- chronic cholecystitis;
- trauma (slaughter, bruise, sprain, dislocation, fracture);
- pain in muscles and joints;
- febrile syndrome;
- postoperative period;
- algodismenorrhea;
- migraine;
- period of menstruation;
- colds, which are accompanied by an increase in body temperature.
Remember: before using Pentalgin, it is advisable to consult with a general practitioner in order to prevent the possible development of an allergic reaction to this drug.
The drug is produced in the form of tablets or soluble capsules for internal administration.
How to drink Pentalgin?
The daily dose of Pentalgin for adults is 1 t. 2-3 r. per day, depending on the severity and nature of pain. The maximum dose of the drug should not exceed more than 4 tablets per day to prevent possible drug overdose.
It is not recommended to take Pentalgin on an ongoing basis for more than 3-5 days, as this may negatively affect the general condition of the patient. The minimum interval between taking the drug should be at least 5-7 hours.
For children, this analgesic is allowed to be taken from the age of 14 no more than 1 ton per day. In the process of taking Pentalgin, the abuse of any alcoholic (alcoholic) beverages is categorically contraindicated!
Attention: the drug should be used only for short-term pain relief, while Pentalgin is not recommended to be used for a long time without first consulting a general practitioner.
Contraindications to the use of Pentalgin
- acute renal or hepatic failure;
- peptic ulcer and 12 duodenal ulcer;
- hypersensitivity of the body to the main components of the drug;
- age up to 14 years;
- paroxysmal tachycardia;
- glaucoma;
- arterial hypertension (high blood pressure);
- diabetes mellitus (take Pentalgin with extreme caution);
- gastrointestinal bleeding;
- severe liver and kidney disease;
- bronchial asthma;
- traumatic brain injury.
Side effects of Pentalgin
- violation of the digestive system (diarrhea, constipation);
- itchy skin;
- nausea;
- allergic rash on the body;
- headache;
- vomiting (occurs most often with an overdose of a drug);
- hearing loss;
- arrhythmia;
- noise in the ears and head;
- insomnia;
- tachycardia (heart palpitations);
- dermatitis;
- anxiety and irritability.
With the development of any of the above side effects, you need to completely stop further use of the drug, and also, be sure to consult a doctor!
In this article, we discussed what Pentalgin helps from, as well as how to take it correctly.
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Pentalgin: instructions for use, composition, analogues
Pentalgin is a modern and very effective antispasmodic. It helps to stop pain syndrome of various origins, bring down the temperature in case of a cold and reduce the severity of inflammation.
Active ingredients and dosage form
The combined agent Pentalgin is produced in the form of tablets for oral administration. They include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory components (paracetamol and naproxen), a myotropic antispasmodic (drotaverine hydrochloride), a blocker of histamine and muscarinic receptors (pheniramine maleate), as well as caffeine, which has psychostimulating and adaptogenic properties.
Light green tablets are supplied in blisters of 4, 6, 10 and 12 pieces.
Pentalgin: what do the pills help with?
Pentalgin has analgesic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties.
Paracetamol blocks the enzyme cyclooxygenase in the central nervous system, and affects the centers of thermoregulation and pain, which is due to its analgesic and antipyretic effect.
The NSAID naproxen reduces the activity of cyclooxygenase, thereby reducing the release of inflammatory mediators - prostaglandins.
Drotaverine helps relieve spasms of smooth muscle elements by suppressing the activity of the enzyme phosphodiesterase-4.
Pheniramine has a mild sedative effect, reduces spasms and blocks specific histamine receptors. Under its influence, inflammatory exudation decreases.
Caffeine tones and dilates blood vessels and increases the bioavailability of other components.
A single dose for relief of pain syndrome is 1 tablet, and the frequency of administration is 1-3 times a day. The permissible daily dose is 4 tablets. Do not use this drug for more than 5 consecutive days as an analgesic. As an antipyretic (antipyretic) for colds, Pentalgin is taken up to 3 days. If there is a need to continue treatment, you should consult your doctor.
Indications
Pentalgin is indicated for pain syndrome (including spastic genesis) and an increase in temperature against the background of colds.
Contraindications
Pentalgin should not be taken by patients with the so-called. The "aspirin triad", which includes salicylate intolerance, bronchial asthma, and recurrent nasal and sinus polyposis.
Other contraindications include:
Pentalgin is not prescribed for children and adolescents under the age of 18.
Pentalgin during pregnancy
Pentalgin is contraindicated for women during the period of gestation and breastfeeding. The active components of the drug are able to bypass the hematoplacental barrier and are found in breast milk. If treatment is necessary during lactation, the question is raised about the temporary transfer of the baby to artificial feeding or replacing the drug with a safer one.
Side effects
With the development of a hypersensitivity reaction, skin rashes (urticaria) may appear and Quincke's edema may develop.
Possible side effects of Pentalgin:
- inhibition of hematopoiesis (manifested by anemia, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia);
- arterial hypertension (increased pressure);
- heart rhythm disturbances;
- palpitations;
- tachycardia;
- psycho-emotional excitement;
- unmotivated feeling of anxiety;
- hyperreflexia;
- shiver;
- dizziness;
- headache;
- insomnia;
- impaired ability to concentrate;
- dyspeptic disorders;
- lesions of the mucous membranes of the digestive system (erosion and ulcers);
- decreased functional activity of the liver and (or) kidneys;
- pain in the abdominal region;
- noise in ears;
- decreased acuity of auditory perception;
- rapid breathing;
- skin inflammatory reactions (dermatitis).
If at least one of the listed symptoms develops, treatment with the drug should be discontinued and the doctor should be informed of the side effects.
Overdose
In case of an overdose, the liver can be seriously damaged (even hepatonecrosis, that is, tissue death, is not excluded). Signs of liver failure appear hours after taking a large dose of Pentalgin. Against this background, encephalopathy progresses.
If the dose is significantly exceeded, the patient's heart rhythm and renal function are disturbed, and the pancreas is affected.
Coma and death are possible.
In case of poisoning with Pentalgin, an ambulance team should be called, urgently to wash the stomach and give the victim enterosorbents.
An effective antidote to paracetamol is Acetylcysteine, but the use of this drug makes sense only within 8 hours after poisoning.
If bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract has opened, the patient is shown antacids and additional gastric lavage with a cooled isotonic solution. To relieve epileptic seizures, an injection of Diazepam (IV) is given. Against the background of an overdose, respiratory depression is possible, so additional oxygenation (the victim is given an oxygen cushion) and mechanical ventilation may be required. Saline solutions are injected intravenously to normalize the water-electrolyte balance.
Interaction with other medicines
It is important to exclude concurrent administration of Pentalgin with Rifampicin and drugs from the groups of tricyclic antidepressants and barbiturates, since they increase the risk of toxic liver damage. For the same reason, reception is excluded ethanol (including alcohol-based pharmaceutical tinctures).
Paracetamol present in the combined drug potentiates the action indirect anticoagulants, worsening blood clotting. Diflunisal increases the hepatotoxic effect of paracetamol by increasing its concentration in serum by one and a half times.
Another active ingredient, naproxen, reduces the effectiveness of a diuretic Furosemide and increases the toxicity of antibacterial agents from the sulfonamide group. It also slows down the excretion of lithium.
The antispasmodic component drotaverine reduces the effectiveness of the remedy for Parkinson's disease - Levodopa.
Pheniramine has a depressing effect on the central nervous system in combination with hypnotics and tranquilizers.
The biotransformation of caffeine in the body slows down while taking birth control pills, antibiotics fluoroquinolones Norfloxacin and Ciprofloxacin, and Drugs for the treatment of alcoholism Disulfiram. Caffeine metabolism is accelerated when taken concurrently anticonvulsant and antiepileptic drugs (in particular - Primidone) and barbiturates.
Reception psychostimulants (including drinks containing caffeine) leads to excessive stimulation of the central nervous system (overexcitation and increased reflexes, or vice versa, lethargy).
You should not take Pentalgin and others at the same time non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (especially those containing paracetamol).
Additionally
Particular care should be taken when prescribing Pentalgin to persons with the following pathologies:
- vascular lesions of the brain;
- hepatitis (viral and alcoholic);
- epilepsy;
- angle-closure glaucoma;
- peripheral arterial disease;
- benign hyperbilirubinemia.
Patients suffering from these diseases are strongly advised to consult with their doctor before starting treatment.
If symptomatic treatment lasts more than 5-7 days, monitoring of liver function indicators is required. A peripheral blood test (PBC) is also required.
Drinking alcohol during treatment should be excluded!
Patients taking Pentalgin need to be careful when driving. It is advisable to temporarily refuse to work with potentially dangerous mechanisms, since the ability to concentrate may be reduced.
Caution when taking Pentalgin should be observed in elderly and senile patients.
Storage conditions and dispensing from pharmacies
To purchase Pentalgin, a doctor's prescription is not required.
The tablets should be kept in places protected from sunlight at a temperature of no more than + 25 ° C.
Keep out of the reach of children!
The shelf life of the drug is 2 years from the date of release (marked on the package). Do not use after the expiration date!
Pentalgin's analogs
Analogs of the drug Pentalgin are:
Plisov Vladimir, doctor, medical observer
The information is provided for informational purposes only. Do not self-medicate. At the first sign of disease, consult a doctor. There are contraindications, a doctor's consultation is necessary. The site may contain content that is prohibited from viewing by persons under 18 years of age.
Pentalgin - instructions for use, from which it helps, composition and contraindications
There are many new drugs currently available. Some of them are sold by pharmacies without a doctor's prescription, others are strictly prescription. It is useful for people to find out what Pentalgin tablets are - instructions for use, how the medicine works, in what cases it helps, can it be given to children, what warnings there are.
What is Pentalgin
The release form of the drug is in the form of tablets. In the photo, Pentalgin tablets are green coated capsules with embossing. The slice of tablets is green, sometimes with white splashes. Pentalgin is packed in cell contour packages of 2, 4, 12 tablets. The outer packaging is a cardboard box. You can buy Pentalgin in a pharmacy without a doctor's prescription. The shelf life of the tablets is two years from the date of manufacture; the drug must be stored in a dry, unlit place.
What helps Pentalgin
The drug has a combined pharmacological action: analgesic; antipyretic (lowers temperature, relieves inflammation); antispasmodic action. Pentalgin helps to eliminate pain syndrome of various nature:
- in joints, muscles;
- toothache, headache;
- with spasm of smooth muscles of internal organs;
- postoperative, caused by inflammation;
- symptomatic in febrile conditions during a cold.
Toothache
A good result is achieved when Pentalgin is used for toothache. Due to the combined pharmacological action, the drug simultaneously relieves pain and fights the inflammatory process of pulpitis. The effect is achieved within half an hour after taking the drug, but if the drug does not help, the dose should not be increased. You need to see your dentist for inflammation treatment.
For headache
The drug is an analgesic agent. Doctors recommend using Pentalgin for headaches. With migraine, the drug has the ability to dilate blood vessels, which helps to improve the blood supply to the brain and the patient's well-being. The effect of pain relief is increased due to the blocking of pain receptors by the drug, therefore Pentalgin received positive reviews in the fight against headache.
With menstruation
The occurrence of pain in the lower abdomen with algodismenorrhea (menstruation) is associated with excessive synthesis of prostaglandins: they cause contraction of the uterus, spasm of the pelvic vessels. Due to stagnation of blood, tissues receive less oxygen, and this is the reason for the excitation of pain receptors. Pentalgin for pain during menstruation relieves pain syndrome by regulating the synthesis of prostaglandins, reducing the frequency of contraction of the muscles of the uterus and by blocking pain receptors.
From temperature
The use of Pentalgin is effective for colds. It helps to eliminate all symptoms of flu, sore throat: to normalize the temperature, fight inflammation in the body and relieve pain in febrile conditions. The combined effect of the drug is the reason that doctors often prescribe Pentalgin at a temperature.
Instructions for the use of Pentalgin
The medicinal product is produced by the manufacturer with an annotation for its use. Instructions for use of the drug Pentalgin contains:
- description of pharmacological properties;
- information about the active and auxiliary substances that are part of the drug;
- a list of the patient's conditions when the drug can be used;
- a warning about side effects that may occur when using the drug;
- contraindications for use.
Composition
The combined action of Pentalgin is due to the properties of five active substances. The composition of Pentalgin tablets depends on the type of drug. The manufacturer produces a drug with four names: this allows you to choose the appropriate drug for the individual sensitivity of a person to analgesics. The composition of Pentalgin of all four varieties necessarily includes paracetamol.
He begins to relieve pain, acting on the centers of thermoregulation and pain, relieves spasm. Together with the analgesic, it has an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic effect. In combination with paracetamol, the manufacturer uses other active substances. The composition of Pentalgin additionally includes four substances, the names of which are indicated in the instructions. The active elements of the drug, together with paracetamol, can be:
- Naproxen. This non-steroidal substance regulates the synthesis of prostaglandins, which are responsible for muscle contraction. It relieves spasm, inflammation, lowers the temperature.
- Caffeine. It has the ability to dilate blood vessels, increases brain activity, relieves signs of fatigue, drowsiness, and enhances the effect of other pain relievers.
- Drotaverine hydrochloride. Relieves spasm of smooth muscles of the genitourinary system, gastrointestinal tract, biliary tract, blood vessels.
- Pheniramine maleate. It blocks the synthesis of histamine, has a sedative effect, and fights inflammatory processes. The substance relieves spasms, increases the effect of paracetamol and naproxen.
- Propyphenazone.
- Codeine. It is a narcotic element. Acts on opioid receptors and alters pain perception. Reduces the degree of arousal of the center responsible for coughing, enhances the effect of anti-inflammatory, sedative substances. Long-term use can cause drug dependence.
- Phenobarbital. Refers to barbiturates, increases the analgesic effect of paracetamol and metamizole.
- Metamizole sodium. A non-steroidal drug that has an analgesic effect.
Indications for use
The instruction for the medicine contains recommendations for when the tablets can be taken. Indications for the use of Pentalgin are as follows:
- for pain in muscles and bones caused by arthralgia, myalgia, neuralgia, algomenorrhea, migraine, ankylosing spondylitis, radiculitis, rheumatoid arthritis, spinal hernia;
- for pain caused by spasm, with diseases: chronic cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, renal colic;
- after surgery, in case of pain and inflammation;
- with chills, high fever, inflammatory process with colds.
Dosage
How to take Pentalgin? The instruction contains the maximum norms for taking the drug. The dosage of Pentalgin is one tablet half an hour before or after a meal with a large amount of water, the daily rate is three tablets, in special cases four. It is necessary to observe an interval of four hours between doses of the medicine. When using the drug to normalize the temperature, the course of treatment is three days; to relieve pain, pills are not recommended for longer than five days. The duration of treatment, the number of appointments is determined by the doctor.
Side effects
The instruction warns that there is a danger of a reaction to the use of the drug from the internal organs and systems. Side effects of Pentalgin can be as follows:
- allergic manifestations in the form of itching, rash, urticaria;
- changes in blood composition, anemia;
- increased heart rate, arrhythmia, increased blood pressure;
- dizziness, increased agitation, anxiety, sleep disturbance, decreased attention;
- stomach pain, diarrhea, nausea, constipation, vomiting, loss of appetite;
- hearing loss, visual acuity, tinnitus;
- violation of the activity of the liver and kidneys.
Contraindications
People cannot drink the drug on their own, because there are contraindications to the use of Pentalgin:
- hypersensitivity, allergy to active substances;
- pregnancy;
- lactation period when breastfeeding a child;
- children under the age of 12;
- gastrointestinal bleeding;
- serious renal dysfunction, renal failure;
- paroxysmal tachycardia;
- hypertension;
- diabetes;
- oppression of bone marrow hematopoiesis;
- respiratory depression, asthma;
- myocardial infarction.
It is not recommended to use tablets while taking other medicines, because in combination with other active substances, the toxicity of the drug may increase or the effect of the drug may decrease. It is forbidden to consume Pentalgin and alcohol, you cannot take pills while driving, because they reduce attention. It is necessary to carefully take Pentalgin for older people with viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver damage, and epilepsy.
Price for Pentalgin
How much does Pentalgin cost in a pharmacy? The cost of tablets in pharmacies in Moscow depends on the active elements that are part of the medicine and packaging (the number of tablets in the package). The price of Pentalgin is presented in the table:
Packing of Pentalgin (pieces)
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Pentalgin's analogs
The doctor may prescribe other tablets, an analogue of Pentalgin, if there are contraindications to the use of the drug. Analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory effect is exerted by tablets:
Video: Pentalgin drug
The information presented in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials of the article do not call for self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can diagnose and give recommendations for treatment based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.
Pentalgin® - No. 1 in terms of sales in monetary terms in the category of "Analgesics" in 2018 in Russia *.
Pentalgin is a combined pain reliever, with a unique formula ** of five active ingredients to relieve pain, inflammation and spasms.
Due to the combination of five components, Pentalgin® has not only analgesic and antispasmodic, but also anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects. It helps to eliminate pain syndromes caused by a variety of reasons (inflammation, neurological diseases, trauma, spasm, etc.), reduce or remove muscle, joint, menstrual, headache, toothache and other types of pain.
Indications for use
- Pain syndrome of various origins, including pain in joints, muscles, radiculitis, menstrual pain, neuralgia, toothache and headaches (including headache caused by spasm of the cerebral vessels).
- Pain syndrome associated with spasm of smooth muscles, including chronic cholecystitis, gallstone disease, postcholecystectomy syndrome, renal colic.
- Post-traumatic and postoperative pain syndrome, including those accompanied by inflammation.
- Colds accompanied by febrile syndrome (as symptomatic therapy).
Pentalgin is the choice of millions of Russians *
Name:
Pentalgin
Pharmacological
act:
Pentalgin - combined analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drug.
The preparation contains 5 active ingredients, the pharmacological properties of which determine the pharmacological properties of the drug Pentalgin:
-
paracetamol and metamizole sodium - non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with a pronounced antipyretic and analgesic effect, metamizole sodium also has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect.
The mechanism of action of these substances based on their ability to inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting the enzyme cyclooxygenase;
- phenobarbital - has a pronounced antispasmodic, muscle relaxant and sedative activity, enhances the therapeutic effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs;
- codeine - a drug of the group of narcotic analgesics, reduces the excitability of the cough center, has an analgesic effect.
In therapeutic doses does not cause depression of the respiratory center and does not affect the secretory activity of the bronchi.
With frequent use of codeine, as well as taking large doses, drug dependence may develop.
Enhances action sedative and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs;
- caffeine - stimulates the central nervous system, prevents the development of collapse, enhances the therapeutic effects of paracetamol and metamizole sodium.
After oral administration, the active components of the drug are well absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract.
Metamizole sodium biotransformed in the intestinal walls, an unchanged substance in the bloodstream is not detected.
The degree of connection of the active metabolite of metamizole with plasma proteins reaches 50-60%. Metabolized in the liver, is excreted mainly by the kidneys in the form of pharmacologically active and inactive metabolites.
Paracetamol is highly bound to plasma proteins.
Paracetamol and caffeine are metabolized in the liver, are excreted mainly by the kidneys in the form of metabolites. The half-life of paracetamol is 1 to 4 hours.
Phenobarbital is metabolized in the liver, is an inducer of liver microsomal enzymes. It is excreted mainly by the kidneys in the form of metabolites, the half-life is about 3-4 days.
Codeine penetrates well through the blood-brain barrier, accumulates in the body, mainly the accumulation of codeine is noted in adipose tissue, lungs, liver and kidneys. Hydrolysis of codeine is noted under the action of tissue esterases, after which conjugation occurs with glucuronic acid in the liver.
Codeine metabolites have analgesic activity.
It is excreted mainly by the kidneys in the form of metabolites, some of it is excreted in the bile.
Indications for
application:
Pain syndrome of various origins, including pain in joints, muscles, sciatica, algomenorrhea, neuralgia, toothache, headache (including those caused by cerebral vasospasm);
- pain syndrome associated with smooth muscle spasm, incl. in chronic cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, postcholecystectomy syndrome, renal colic;
- post-traumatic and postoperative pain syndrome, incl. accompanied by inflammation;
- colds, accompanied by febrile syndrome (as symptomatic therapy).
Mode of application:
A drug taken orally, it is recommended to swallow the pill whole, without chewing or crushing, drinking the required amount of water.
Should be observed interval not less than 4 hours between doses of the drug.
Duration of treatment and dose of the drug is determined by the attending physician individually for each patient.
Adults and adolescents over the age of 12:
- for acute short-term pain syndrome, usually 1 tablet of the drug is prescribed once;
- with prolonged pain syndrome, which is accompanied by various diseases of the musculoskeletal system and the nervous system, usually 1 tablet of the drug is prescribed 1-3 times a day.
The maximum duration of the course of treatment is 5 days, unless otherwise prescribed by the attending physician;
- as an antipyretic agent, 1 tablet of the drug is usually prescribed 1-3 times a day. The maximum duration of the course of treatment is 3 days, unless otherwise prescribed by the attending physician.
The maximum daily dose of the drug is 4 tablets..
With prolonged use of the drug, drug dependence may develop.
If it is necessary to use the drug for more than 7 consecutive days, it is necessary to monitor the liver function and the morphological composition of the blood.
Side effects:
Allergic reactions:
- skin rash, itching;
- urticaria, angioedema.
From the hematopoietic system:
- thrombocytopenia, leukopenia;
- agranulocytosis, anemia, methemoglobinemia.
From the side of the central nervous system:
- excitement, anxiety, increased reflexes;
- tremor, headache, sleep disturbances;
- dizziness, decreased concentration.
On the part of the cardiovascular system: palpitations, arrhythmias, increased blood pressure.
From the digestive system:
- erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, nausea, vomiting;
- epigastric discomfort, abdominal pain, constipation;
- impaired liver function.
From the urinary system: impaired renal function.
From the senses:
- hearing loss, tinnitus;
- increased intraocular pressure in patients with angle-closure glaucoma.
Other: dermatitis, tachypnea (rapid breathing).
Contraindications:
Erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract (in the acute phase);
- gastrointestinal bleeding;
- complete or incomplete combination of bronchial asthma, recurrent polyposis of the nose and paranasal sinuses and intolerance to acetylsalicylic acid or other NSAIDs (including history);
- severe hepatic impairment;
- severe renal failure;
- oppression of bone marrow hematopoiesis;
- condition after coronary artery bypass grafting;
- severe organic diseases of the cardiovascular system (including acute myocardial infarction);
- paroxysmal tachycardia;
- frequent ventricular premature beats;
- severe arterial hypertension;
- hyperkalemia;
- pregnancy;
- lactation period (breastfeeding);
- children and adolescents up to 18 years old;
- hypersensitivity to drug components.
Use with caution drug in patients with:
- cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus;
- diseases of peripheral arteries;
- history of ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract;
- with renal and hepatic insufficiency of mild or moderate severity;
- viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver damage;
- benign hyperbilirubinemia (Gilbert, Dubin-Johnson and Rotor syndromes);
- epilepsy, with a tendency to convulsive seizures;
- deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase;
- in elderly patients.
If you have any of the listed diseases and conditions the patient should consult a doctor before using the drug.
The use of the drug is contraindicated:
- during pregnancy and lactation (breastfeeding);
- with severe liver failure;
- with severe renal failure.
- children and adolescents up to 18 years old.
FROMshould avoid the simultaneous use of the drug Pentalgin with other drugs containing paracetamol and / or NSAIDs, as well as with drugs to relieve the symptoms of colds, flu and nasal congestion.
When applying drug Pentalgin more than 5-7 days it is necessary to monitor the parameters of peripheral blood and the functional state of the liver.
Paracetamol distorts the results of laboratory tests of glucose and uric acid in blood plasma.
If it is necessary to determine the 17-ketosteroids, Pentalgin® should be canceled 48 hours before the study. It should be borne in mind that naproxen increases bleeding time.
Effect of caffeine on CNC depends on the type of the nervous system and can be manifested both by excitation and inhibition of higher nervous activity.
During the treatment period, the patient should avoiding alcohol.
In some cases possibly decreased concentration of attention and the speed of psychomotor reactions, therefore, during the treatment period, the patient should be careful when driving vehicles and engaging in other potentially hazardous activities that require increased concentration of attention and speed of psychomotor reactions.
Interaction
other medicinal
by means of:
While taking the drug Pentalgin with barbiturates, tricyclic antidepressants, rifampicin, ethanol the risk of hepatotoxic action increases (these combinations should be avoided).
Paracetamol enhances the effect anticoagulants of indirect action and reduces the effectiveness of uricosuric drugs.
Long-term use of barbiturates reduces the effectiveness of paracetamol.
With the simultaneous use of paracetamol with ethanol increases risk of acute pancreatitis.
Inhibitors of microsomal oxidation (including cimetidine) reduce the risk of hepatotoxic effects of paracetamol.
Diflunisal increases the plasma concentration of paracetamol by 50%, which increases the risk of developing hepatotoxicity.
Naproxen is capablecause a decrease in the diuretic effect of furosemide, an increase in the effect of indirect anticoagulants, increases the toxicity of sulfonamides and methotrexate, reduces the excretion of lithium and increases its concentration in blood plasma.
With the combined use of caffeine and barbiturates, primidone, anticonvulsants (hydantoin derivatives, especially phenytoin) possibly increased metabolism and increased caffeine clearance.
While taking caffeine and cimetidine, oral contraceptives, disulfiram, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin - decreased metabolism caffeine in the liver (slowing down its excretion and increasing its concentration in the blood).
Simultaneous use of caffeinated drinks and other drugs that stimulate the central nervous system, can lead to overstimulation of the central nervous system.
With the simultaneous use of drotaverine can weaken the antiparkinsonian effect of levodopa.
With the simultaneous use of pheniramine with tranquilizers, hypnotics, MAO inhibitors, ethanol it is possible to increase the depressing effect on the central nervous system.
Pregnancy:
A drug contraindicated for use during pregnancy.
If it is necessary to use the drug during lactation, the issue of interrupting breastfeeding should be resolved.
Overdose:
Symptoms:
- pallor of the skin, anorexia (lack of appetite);
- abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal bleeding;
- excitement, restlessness, confusion;
- tachycardia, arrhythmia, hyperthermia (increased body temperature);
- increased urination, headache, tremors, or muscle twitching;
- epileptic seizures, increased activity of hepatic transaminases;
- hepatonecrosis, increased prothrombin time.
Symptoms of liver dysfunction may appear 12-48 hours after overdose.
In case of severe overdose hepatic failure develops with progressive encephalopathy, coma, death; acute renal failure with tubular necrosis; arrhythmia, pancreatitis.
If you suspect an overdose, you should immediately seek medical help..
Treatment: gastric lavage followed by the intake of activated carbon.
A specific antidote for paracetamol poisoning is acetylcysteine.
The introduction of acetylcysteine \u200b\u200bis relevant within 8 hours after taking paracetamol.
With gastrointestinal bleeding it is necessary to administer antacids and gastric lavage with ice-cold 0.9% sodium chloride solution; maintenance of ventilation and oxygenation; with epileptic seizures - intravenous administration of diazepam; maintaining the balance of fluids and salts.
Release form:
Pentalgin tablets, covered with a film sheath, 2, 4, 6, 10, 12, 20 or 24 pcs.
Tablets Pentalgin-IC
Tablets Pentalgin-ICN 12 pieces per blister, 1 blister per carton.
Tablets Pentalgin-FS 10 pieces in a blister, 1 blister in a cardboard box.
Tablets Pentalgin FS Extra in a contour acheikova package 10 pcs., in a cardboard bundle 1 or 2 packages or 12 pcs., in a cardboard bundle 1 package.
Tablets Pentalgin-N in a contour acheikova packing 10 pcs., in a box 1 or 2 packages.
Storage conditions:
It is recommended to store the drug in a dry place protected from direct sunlight at a temperature not exceeding 25 degrees Celsius.
Shelf life regardless of the form of release - 3 years.
The drug is approved for use as non-prescription drugs.
1 tablet of the drug Pentalgin-IC contains:
- metamizole sodium - 300mg;
- paracetamol - 200mg;
- caffeine - 20 mg;
- phenobarbital - 10 mg;
- codeine phosphate - 9.5 mg (in terms of codeine - 7 mg);
Excipients: potato starch, calcium stearate, food gelatin.
1 tablet of the drugPentalgin-ICN contains:
- metamizole sodium - 300mg;
- paracetamol - 300mg;
- caffeine - 50 mg;
- phenobarbital - 10 mg;
- codeine phosphate - 8 mg.
Excipients: potato starch, povidone (low molecular weight medical polyvinylpyrrolidone), stearic acid, calcium stearate.
1 tablet of the drug Pentalgin-FS contains:
- metamizole sodium - 300mg;
- paracetamol - 300mg;
- caffeine - 50 mg;
- phenobarbital - 10 mg;
- codeine phosphate - 8 mg.
Excipients: potato starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone, stearic acid, calcium stearate.
1 tablet Pentalgin FS Extra contains:
- metamizole sodium and paracetamol 0.3 g each;
- caffeine - 0.05 g;
- codeine phosphate - 0.008 g;
- phenobarbital - 0.01 g.
Excipients: starch, talc, calcium stearate.
1 tablet Pentalgin-N contains:
-naproxen - 100 mg;
- metamizole sodium - 300 mg;
- codeine - 8 mg;
- caffeine - 50 mg;
- phenobarbital - 10 mg.
Excipients: potato starch, low molecular weight polyvinylpyrrolidone (povidone), sodium citrate, magnesium stearate.
To relieve pain of various origins, analgesic drugs are used. Their group includes Pentalgin, the drug is very effective in terms of its analgesic properties, at the same time its intake helps to reduce inflammation and normalize temperature.
Composition and mechanism of action of Pentalgin
The drug is produced by Pharmstandard. Several medicines are produced under the Pentalgin brand, differing in composition. Therefore, in the pharmacy, Pentalgin is sold with the prefix H, CN and plus. The main similarity of all these drugs is 5 components of active substances and almost the same analgesic effect.
As active ingredients, Pentalgin may contain:
The multicomponent composition of Pentalgin provides the maximum and rapidly advancing analgesic effect. The medicine can be drunk for pain, accompanied by a rise in temperature, cramps and inflammation.
The different composition of Pentalgin allows you to choose the most effective subtype of the drug in each specific case.
Regular Pentalgin comes in pill form, most often white, light green, or green. There are blotches on the break. The medicine is packed in blisters of 4, 12 or 24 tablets.
Pentalgin is primarily a medicine for pain, so its use is advisable to eliminate:
- pain syndromes caused by osteochondrosis, radiculitis, neuralgia, articular pathologies, menstruation, dental problems;
- pain caused by smooth muscle spasm with cholecystitis, urolithiasis and gallstone disease;
- pain after injuries and operations;
- headaches.
Pentalgin for adults can be taken during the treatment of colds occurring with a rise in temperature.
Contraindications to Pentalgin
Before using Pentalgin, you need to study the instructions, since the list of contraindications to the use of the medication is quite extensive. These include:
Failure to comply with contraindications increases the risk of adverse reactions, some of which can cause serious complications.
Possible side reactions
When taking Pentalgin, the occurrence of undesirable effects is not excluded, most often these are:
Adverse reactions are mostly of a short-term nature, that is, they disappear after the drug is discontinued. But if the harm from the drug is greater than the benefit from it, then Pentalgin should be canceled.
Ordinary Pentalgin is approved for use only from the age of 18, but other subtypes of the drug can be used from the age of 12.
Pregnant Pentalgin cannot be taken, since the active ingredients overcome the placental barrier. The prohibition on the use of drugs also applies to the lactation period.
Features of use
How many Pentalgin tablets are required per day depends on the intensity of the pain. However, the manufacturer does not recommend using more than 4 tablets per day, and the interval between taking them should be at least 6 hours.
It is better to drink a pill after a meal, with food the components of the drug dissolve faster, and the risk of negative effects on the mucous membranes of the digestive system is reduced.
The duration of the medication depends on the indication. As an anesthetic drug, Pentalgin is drunk for no more than 5-7 days in a row, if the medication is used as an antipyretic agent, then the duration of its use is limited to three days.
Drug analogs
A package with a minimum number of tablets (4 pieces) costs 45 rubles on average. In case of intolerance to individual components of the medication or if long-term use is necessary, analogues are selected, that is, drugs with anesthetic or antispasmodic effect.
Analogues of the drug should be selected, taking into account all the indications and contraindications for their use. Pentalgin is one of the most powerful pain relievers. But it must be borne in mind that the maximum therapeutic effect of the drug appears only with the correct choice of the drug, depending on its composition.
Forbidden during pregnancy
Forbidden while breastfeeding
Forbidden to children
Has restrictions for seniors
Has limitations for liver problems
Has limitations for kidney problems
Pain is very diverse in its clinical manifestations: it differs in localization, intensity, duration and nature, however, regardless of its type and etiology, it is important for a person to eliminate it as soon as possible. The pharmaceutical market offers many different analgesic drugs that differ in their mechanism of action, chemical composition, and at the same time have similarities - they are effective only for moderate pain.
With severe pain, it is necessary to take medications of a combined nature, which, in addition to eliminating pain, also have other effects - anti-inflammatory, sedative, analeptic. Such a drug is Pentalgin. This article will consider instructions for use, the nuances of its use, features of the composition and mechanism of action on the body.
General information about the drug
Pentalgin is a drug of complex action: it cannot be attributed only to the group of painkillers or anti-inflammatory drugs, since there are several active ingredients, namely: Drotaverine + Caffeine + Naproxen + Paracetamol + Pheniramine. That is, Pentalgin combines 5 basic components that help in the fight not only with pain, but also with inflammation, fever.
So, the drug has a combined effect, namely, it has the following effects on the body:
- pain reliever;
- antipyretic;
- antitussive;
- sedative;
- antispasmodic;
- muscle relaxant;
- stimulating the vital centers of the medulla oblongata (activation of higher nervous activity);
- anti-inflammatory.
The scope of the drug in this group is very diverse: it is used in therapy for the treatment of ARVI; neurology for the treatment of neuritis and neurovegetative disorders, neuromyositis, radiculitis, headache, migraine; in traumatology / rheumatology for the elimination of arthritis, myositis; in dentistry to eliminate toothache and in gynecology to relieve menstrual pain, cramps.
INN: Naproxen / Naproxen, Coffein / Caffeine, Paracetamolum / Paracetamol, Pheniraminum / Pheniramine, Drotaverine / Drotaverin
Pentalgin is one of the most common drugs. Over the years of its existence, various variations of it have been released, which differ in composition. The list below can be called classic for Pentalgin:
But there are several forms of this drug, which can be either the same in composition, but differ in dosage, or include additional components (the details of the differences in the composition of different forms are presented in Table 1). Some modern variations include the following additional:
- Codeine (part of Pentalgin ISN) - according to the classification, it is a narcotic analgesic, an opium alkaloid with a bright antitussive and relatively weak analgesic effect.
- - also belongs to NSAIDs from the pyrazolone group, has, like Paracetamol, analgesic and antipyretic effects, but has a moderately pronounced anti-inflammatory and some antispasmodic effect.
- Phenobarbital is a drug of the group of barbiturates, which has an antiepileptic effect with a pronounced sedative effect. They are mainly used in anticonvulsant therapy, but in combination with antispasmodics and NSAIDs, it has a positive effect in neurovegetative diseases. It can also be used as a sleeping pill.
Composition of various forms of Pentalgin
Prices for the drug, average in Russia
Basically, Pentalgin is available in the form of tablets, but it is also found in pharmacies in the form of an ointment, or an extra-gel (it contains only one component - Ketoprofen, an NSAID from the propionic acid group.). Two-layer tablets, coated, yellow or white, biconvex and cylindrical in shape. The gel / ointment is transparent.
Prices for the main forms of the drug are presented in the table.
Analogs
As analogs, drugs can be prescribed that include one or more substances that make up Pentalgin:
Each of these drugs has similar effects and mechanisms of action. The cost is not very different. This list contains only a small number of analogs. In fact, there are quite a few of them.
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
Each form is based on a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory substance, the mechanism of action of which is to inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX), which helps to reduce the synthesis of prostaglandins. Depending on which component is prevalent, a certain type of cyclooxygenase is blocked.
One of the most common side effects of Pentalgin and NSAIDs in general is the ulcerogenic effect on the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, which is also due to the blockage of COX and the synthesis of gastroprotective prostaglandins.
Depending on the inhibition of one or another type of COX, selective and non-selective NSAIDs that are part of Pentalgin are distinguished:
In addition to NSAIDs, additional active substances may be included in the preparation, which enhance the anti-inflammatory effect of NSAIDs, but also have an additional effect depending on their chemical structure:
Pentalgin has high bioavailability. It is quickly absorbed by the body, its effect is pronounced within 20-30 minutes after ingestion. Weakly binds to plasma proteins - by 20-25%. It can pass through the BBB and into breast milk. The main site of metabolism is the liver. It is excreted mainly by the kidneys. The half-life is 2-3 hours.
Indications and limitations
So, what does Pentalgin help from? The main indications for the appointment of Pentalgin is the presence of pain syndrome of various localization. In particular, it is used to treat:
In addition to eliminating pain, the drug is prescribed for the complex therapy of acute respiratory viral infections - the removal of inflammatory and febrile phenomena, antitussive and sedative effects.
Contraindications to the use of all forms of the drug:
- an allergic reaction to the drug and its components;
- ulcerative pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract;
- renal or hepatic impairment;
- respiratory depression, bronchospasm;
- pancytopenia or a decrease in certain indicators of white and red blood;
- increased ICP;
- a history of recent acute myocardial infarction, TBI;
- arrhythmia;
- glaucoma.
The drug crosses the placental barrier, and part of it passes into breast milk. In this regard, it is contraindicated in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Also, Pentalgin is not prescribed for children under 12 years of age.
Instructions for use and side effects
The regimen and dosages are prescribed taking into account the type and nature of the arising pain, manifestations of intoxication syndrome in ARVI. According to the instructions for use of Pentalgin, tablets or capsules are taken orally one at a time, washed down with a sufficient amount of liquid - usually no more than three times a day. The maximum daily dose is 4 tablets.
The drug is taken for no more than three days, then it is necessary to take a break in taking it to avoid the occurrence of side effects. This treatment regimen is used for inflammatory and colds.
For headache, toothache, menstrual pain, spasmodic pain, take one tablet at a time. This is usually enough to eliminate negative symptoms. After taking the pill, you must take a horizontal position and rest. The combination of Pentalgin and alcohol is strictly prohibited.
The gel / ointment is applied externally to intact skin areas at the site of pain and inflammation, you do not need to rub in for a long time - the gel will cover the affected area with a film. It should be applied in a thin layer 2-3 times a day. Usually the course of treatment is 10-14 days. After the procedure, you must thoroughly wash your hands so that the gel does not get into the digestive tract or eyes. It is forbidden to apply bandages to the affected area after applying the gel.
Side effects that Pentalgin is capable of provoking may be as follows:
- ulcerogenic effect on the gastrointestinal tract;
- dyspeptic manifestations;
- increased activity of liver enzymes;
- sleep disturbance, increased fatigue;
- irritability, anxiety, tremor;
- allergic reaction in general and locally when applying the gel;
- increased blood pressure, heart rate, anemia;
- bronchospasm;
- visual impairment;
- decreased concentration of attention.
