Ceftriaxone is a cephalosporin antibacterial drug. It is endowed with the ability to have a bactericidal effect.
This happens due to the fact that the synthesis of cell membranes of bacterial origin is suppressed.
After entering the body, it has a quick effect, excretion from the body cavity is carried out by the kidneys.
Composition and pharmacological effects
Each vial of the drug contains sterile 0.5 or 1.0 g of ceftriaxone sodium salt. Ceftriaxone is considered a third generation antibacterial agent of the cephalosporin series. It has the ability to disrupt the cross-linking of peptidoglycans, which affects the strength and stability of the bacterial cell walls. 
It is endowed with a wide spectrum of antimicrobial action, has a detrimental effect on anaerobic and aerobic, gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.
After entering the body, the active substance is absorbed at a high level of speed, its maximum amount in the blood is observed after 1.5 hours. A slight antimicrobial effect will be observed for more than a day.
The half-life on average ranges from 5 to 9 hours, this will depend on the patient's age (for example, it is longer in the elderly, shorter in children).
It is excreted by the kidneys, a small part with bile. If the functional ability of the kidneys is impaired, this process slows down, there is a risk of accumulation.
Release form
The drug has the form of a white or yellowish powder, it has a low level of hygroscopicity. Available in bottles of 0.5, 1.0 and 2 grams. 
Indications for use
An antibiotic is used when diagnosing:
And also for a preventive purpose, to reduce the risk of developing infectious processes in the postoperative period.
Contraindications to use
It is forbidden to prescribe Ceftriaxone in the presence of hypersensitivity to cephalosporin drugs or excipients.
Relative contraindications are:
- diagnosing hyperbilibinuria in infants;
- neonatal period;
- the presence of renal or hepatic failure;
- pregnancy;
- lactation;
- enteritis, the development of which was triggered by taking antibiotics.
Ceftriaxone can be administered in three ways - intravenous, intramuscular and intravenous drip.
- The dose for adults and children from 12 years old is 1-2 g, it is administered once or divided into two doses. Please note that it should not exceed 4 g.
- Patients diagnosed with impaired renal function, but there are no symptoms of liver failure, the dose of Ceftriaxone is not reduced. Reducing the amount of the drug is considered justified if less than 10 ml / min.
- Persons with a history of renal and hepatic insufficiency need to adjust the dose so that it does not exceed 2 g per day.
The duration of the course of treatment depends on the severity of the pathological process, its type and the individual characteristics of the patient; on average, it ranges from 4 to 14 days. After the pathological symptoms disappeared, it was recommended to continue treatment for another three days.
During pregnancy and lactation
The use of ceftriaxone while carrying a child is considered justified only if there is a risk to the life of the mother or child.
If there is a need to use a medication during breastfeeding, it must be discontinued. This is explained by the fact that Ceftriaxone passes into breast milk.
Appointment to children
Ceftriaxone can be used by children from three days of age. Until the age of twelve, the dose of the drug is calculated in the ratio of 20-80 mg / kg of body weight. If a child weighs more than 50 kg, use the same dose as for adults.
For newborns, the dose is calculated in the ratio of 20-50 mg / kg of body weight.
To use the drug for premature babies with manifestations of hyperbilibinuria is allowed only for health reasons.
Rules for the preparation of solutions
Before the first injection, it is necessary to make skin tests for sensitivity to ceftriaxone and lidocaine. Please note that only freshly prepared solutions of the drug are allowed to be used.
For intramuscular administration, 500 mg of the agent is dissolved in 2 ml, and 1000 mg in 3.5 ml of 1 or 2% lidocaine.
For intravenous administration, 0.5 g is dissolved in 5 ml, and 1 g in 10 ml of water for injection. The introduction should be slow, it should last 2-4 minutes.
For intravenous drip, it is necessary to dissolve 2 g of the drug in 40 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution.
Interaction with other medicines
Due to the fact that Ceftriaxone suppresses the intestinal microflora, there is a decrease in the production of vitamin K. Therefore, it is forbidden to combine it with drugs whose action is aimed at reducing platelet aggregation, because there is a risk of bleeding.
The use of Ceftriaxone and anticoagulants enhances the therapeutic effect of the latter. The simultaneous use of an antibiotic with leads to the formation of nephrotoxicity.
It is forbidden to add Ceftriaxone to infusion solutions containing calcium (for example, Ringer's district), and also to combine its use with drugs such as:
- Amzakrin;
- Vancomycin;
- Fluconazole.
Side effects
The use of the drug can cause the formation of such adverse reactions as:
- dysfunction of the digestive tract, manifested by nausea, vomiting, stool disorders in the form of diarrhea, stomatitis;
- violation of the hematopoietic system;
- allergic reactions, they can be manifested by the appearance of elements of a rash, an itching sensation, edema, urticaria, anaphylactic shock;
- headache and dizziness;
- oliguria;
- phlebitis.
The formation of pseudomembranous colitis may be observed.
Storage conditions
Medicines are suitable for three years, it is prohibited to use them after the expiration date.
Price policy
The price of the drug may vary. It depends on which pharmaceutical company released it, as well as on the number of bottles in the package and the amount of active ingredient.
In Russian pharmacy kiosks, the price of the drug averages 19 rubles per bottle, in Ukrainian 9 hryvnia (500 mg per bottle).
Ceftriaxone is a low-toxic antibiotic that is used only for injections and in strict accordance with the instructions for use. It is easily tolerated by patients and is often prescribed for the treatment of bacterial infections.
The drug can be bought at the pharmacy with a doctor's prescription. At the same time, not everyone knows which group of antibiotics Ceftriaxone belongs to - this is a third-generation agent, that is, it can only be used intramuscularly or intravenously. On sale are ampoules of 500, 1000 and 2000 milligrams.
Release form of the drug - powder
The drug is being developed in the form of sodium salt. The drug penetrates into cells and tissues of all systems and has a detrimental effect on bacteria even at the stage of their reproduction. The maximum concentration of the active components with intramuscular injections is achieved in two to three hours, with intravenous injections - in a few minutes. The drug is slowly excreted, so the injection is given only once a day. The description in Latin indicates the name of Ceftriaxone - Ceftriaxoni, the release form is a powder, which is used in the preparation of a medicinal solution. The drug is presented in transparent glass bottles, packed in a cardboard box. In pharmacies, you can find the drug Ceftriaxone RLS and Lexvm, which are accompanied by instructions for use with a detailed description of all the properties of the drug.
The drug is allowed to be used in strict accordance with the instructions and only in a hospital environment. It is indicated for the treatment of pathologies such as:
- inside and community-acquired infections;
- otitis media, pneumonia, bronchitis, lung abscess;
- diseases of the genitourinary system - pyelonephritis, prostatitis, orchitis, with cystitis, Ceftriaxone is also prescribed in ampoules;
- disorders in the digestive tract - intestinal inflammation, peritonitis, etc.
- osteomyelitis and arthritis;
- meningitis;
- infectious diseases with weakened immunity;
- the presence of deep burns and infected wounds.
The drug may only be used in a hospital environment.
An antibiotic can only be prescribed by a doctor after the initial examination of the patient and based on the test results. It is forbidden to use the remedy without a prescription, as it can provoke serious complications.
Before diluting Ceftriaxone and using it for intramuscular administration, you need to carefully study the existing contraindications. An absolute prohibition is an allergy to the drug. In addition, the medicine is not prescribed in the first months of pregnancy and for mothers who are breastfeeding. The agent can be prescribed for liver dysfunction or, but it cannot be used for combined failure of both organs.
The remedy can be prescribed for liver or kidney dysfunction, but not together for failure of both organs
The antibiotic is not approved for premature babies under forty-one weeks of age. As for newborns, Ceftriaxone is allowed from the first days, but in the first two weeks it can be prescribed only for health reasons, since the drug can provoke the development of nuclear jaundice. Against the background of antibiotic therapy, it is forbidden to intravenously inject solutions containing calcium. Among the relative contraindications can be noted blood diseases that affect its coagulability, pregnancy after the first trimester, lactation.
Ceftriaxone is intended to be injected into a muscle or vein.
The dose in each case is selected by the doctor individually, taking into account the diagnosis, the patient's age and weight, and the presence of complications.
The drug is prescribed 500-2000 milligrams up to three times a day. For dilution, a solution of sodium chloride or glucose is used. When it comes to intramuscular injection, only lidocaine is suitable. How to dilute the antibiotic Ceftriaxone with lidocaine and water for injections and injections according to the instructions for use? The contents of the vial are added to the solvent and shaken well until all crystals are dissolved. The finished product should have a pale yellow tint.
When injected intramuscularly, only lidocaine is suitable for the solution.
For newborns weighing more than four and a half kilograms, drugs are prescribed at the rate of twenty to thirty milligrams per kilogram per day. The maximum allowable dose is no more than fifty milligrams. For adults and children over twelve years of age, the dosage of Ceftriaxone reaches one to two grams per day, preferably at the same time. Elderly patients do not need dose adjustments, but body response should be monitored. If side effects appear, it is necessary to reduce the dosage or completely stop the Ceftriaxone therapy.
The antibiotic must be prepared immediately before use. It is forbidden to store it for a long time, as this reduces its effectiveness. Is it possible to dilute Ceftriaxone with novocaine and how to prepare injections is spelled out in the instructions for use. But, unfortunately, not all patients read it. To prepare the solution, it is better to choose lidocaine. Saline or special water for injection will also work, but they are not recommended. The antibiotic is very painful, so the patient simply cannot handle it. Lidocaine is a local anesthetic that relieves unpleasant symptoms.
The instruction tells in detail how to dilute Ceftriaxone with lidocaine and water for injection for an adult. To do this, you need to dissolve five hundred milligrams of the drug in two milliliters of solvent. If the dosage is one gram, you will need three and a half milliliters of lidocaine. If the drug needs to be administered intravenously, the drug is dissolved in five milliliters of distilled water. A dose of one gram is mixed in ten milliliters of water. The antibiotic must be administered very slowly. The table shows the dilution schemes with a 2% lidocaine solution:
Side effects
If used incorrectly, the antibiotic can provoke the development of undesirable consequences. The main one is allergies. It manifests itself in the form of urticaria, rash, itching, dermatitis, chills, swelling. The most dangerous type of complication is anaphylactic shock, from which the patient can die.
In addition to allergies, the drug can provoke disorders of the digestive system. It can be nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, liver failure, increased urea levels. Some patients complain of headaches. Edema may appear at the injection site of the antibiotic, which causes pain. If side effects are found, you should immediately consult a doctor in order to exclude the development of severe complications.
Before giving an injection, you must carefully read the instructions. It indicates the dosage of the medicine, but for its correct use, you must follow the recommendations of the attending physician.
Ceftriaxone during pregnancy and lactation
When carrying a child, the female body is susceptible to various diseases, including infectious ones. During pregnancy, the use of the drug should be discarded. But sometimes there are situations when the infection is much more dangerous than complications after the disease and the use of medication. The decision in such a situation is made by the gynecologist, who must take into account all existing contraindications. A complete ban applies to the first months, when all organs and systems of the fetus are formed.
It is better not to use the agent during pregnancy.
During lactation, it is undesirable to use an antibiotic, since the drug can get to the newborn through milk. In case of urgent need, the child will have to be fed with a mixture.
Ceftriaxone for children
In childhood, the drug has its own nuances of use. It is very important to strictly adhere to the prescribed dose and course duration. The best option if the injections are given to the child in a hospital under the supervision of specialists. The daily dose should not exceed four grams.
It is necessary that injections are given to a child in a hospital under the supervision of specialists
If the baby's weight is more than five to ten kilograms, the procedure is carried out in the form of droppers for half an hour. Ceftriaxone is prescribed for children based on the diagnosis and severity of the disease. The course of treatment is determined by the pediatrician.
Medicine for animals
The instructions for use of Ceftriaxone indicate that in veterinary medicine it can be used for bacterial complications that arise in animals. For injections, the agent is diluted with water for injection and lidocaine, after which it is injected into the muscle or subcutaneously. Intravenous administration using a catheter is also possible. In this case, the powder must be used with sterile distilled water.
The drug is injected into a muscle or subcutaneously in a sick animal
The dosage is determined in milligrams per kilogram of weight and is:
- small animals - kittens - 0.16;
- dog and other large individuals - up to 50.
Analogs
The antibiotic has many substitutes for the active substance. Among the most famous are:
- Cephalexin - generic and analogue of Ceftriaxone in tablets;
- Megion;
- Rocefin;
- Cedex is an analogue of Ceftriaxone in the form of a suspension.
The drug is not supplied with anesthetic components intended to dilute it. Drugs such as Rocefin and Rosin contain lidocaine in the package. Thanks to this, you can not only save money, but also simplify the procedure for administering the medicine. The main advantages of such medicines are:
- No need to buy solvent separately.
- It is not necessary to dose lidocaine, as it already has the appropriate dosage. To use the medicine, it is enough to dissolve the powder and give an injection.
Before drinking analogs of Ceftriaxone in tablets, you need to carefully read the instructions for use, and even better, talk to your doctor.
The drug is considered one of the most effective and allows you to quickly treat without development and pathologies. It is so safe that it is prescribed for both children and pregnant women, with the exception of the first trimester. Patients leave only positive reviews about Ceftriaxone. Already on the first day of application, relief comes. The cost of the drug is available to everyone, you can buy it at any pharmacy, but only after a doctor's appointment.
Ceftriaxone is a medical drug, an antibiotic that actively fights bacteria in the human body.
The medicine is actively used by medical professionals to relieve certain inflammations in the human body. The medication is produced in powder form, used for intramuscular or intravenous administration.
In this article, we will consider why doctors prescribe the drug Ceftriaxone, including instructions for use, analogues and prices for this drug in pharmacies. If you have already used Ceftriaxone, please leave your feedback in the comments.
Composition and form of release
The manufacturer produces Ceftriaxone in the form of a white powder used for the preparation of solution for injection. It is used for intramuscular and intravenous administration. The powder is packaged in glass bottles, each of which contains 500 mg or 1 gram of the drug.
Vials of 5.10, 50 pcs. packed in cardboard boxes. The drug is stored in a dark, dry place, out of the reach of children, at a temperature not exceeding 20 ° C. The shelf life is 2 years.
Clinical and pharmacological group: 3rd generation cephalosporin.
What is Ceftriaxone used for?
According to the instructions, Ceftriaxone is prescribed for such infectious and inflammatory diseases as:
- wound infections;
- meningitis;
- sepsis;
- gonorrhea;
- infectious diseases of the joints and bones;
- disseminated Lyme borreliosis in the early and late stages;
- infectious diseases of the abdominal organs (infections of the biliary tract and gastrointestinal tract, peritonitis);
- infectious diseases of the skin and soft tissues;
- infectious diseases in immunocompromised patients;
- infectious diseases of the genital organs;
- infectious diseases of the urinary tract and kidneys;
- infectious diseases of the pelvic organs;
- infectious diseases of the ear, throat, nose;
- infectious diseases of the respiratory tract.
The indication for Ceftriaxone is the prevention of infections after surgery.
pharmachologic effect
A third generation antibiotic that slows down the formation of structural elements of the bacterial membrane. At the same time, the drug oxidizes enzymes that ensure the strength of the cell wall and leads to the complete impossibility of its restoration.
The main percentage of the active form of the drug is excreted by the kidneys within 48 hours, partially can be excreted in the bile. A slowdown in excretion is observed in elderly patients, children, newborns and in renal failure. In the latter case, the formation of accumulations and infiltrates is possible.
Ceftriaxone is completely absorbed, one and a half hours after intramuscular administration (its maximum concentration in the blood is observed). Has the ability to build reversible bonds with blood proteins and stay in the body for a long time without disturbing the active form. Easily penetrates into all organs, including cerebrospinal fluid and bone tissue. Can be transmitted to a child with mother's milk.
Instructions for use
Ceftriaxone is administered intramuscularly and intravenously. Only freshly prepared solutions should be used.
- For intramuscular administrationi dissolve the drug in sterile water for injection in the following proportions: dissolve 0.5 g in 2 ml of water, 1 g in 3.5 ml of water. Intramuscular injections are injected deep enough into the upper outer quadrant of the gluteus maximus muscle. It is recommended to inject no more than 1 g into one buttock. In order to eliminate pain at the injection site, it is possible to use a 1% lidocaine solution.
- For intravenous administration the drug is dissolved in sterile water for injection (0.5 g is dissolved in 5 ml, 1 g in 10 ml of solvent). Introduce slowly intravenously (within 2 - 4 minutes). For intravenous infusions, dissolve 2 g of the drug in 40 ml of a solution that does not contain calcium ions (sodium chloride solution 0.9%, glucose solution 5% or 10%, levulose solution 5%). A dose of 50 mg / kg of body weight or more should be administered intravenously for at least 30 minutes. For children: - newborns (up to two weeks of age) and premature babies, the daily dose is 20-50 mg / kg of body weight 1 time per day (the dose of 50 mg / kg of body weight is not allowed to be exceeded).
For bacterial meningitis in newborns, the initial dose is 100 mg / kg body weight once a day (maximum 4 g). After isolating the pathogenic microorganism and determining its sensitivity, the dose must be reduced accordingly; - from 3 weeks to 12 years - 50 - 80 mg / kg per day in 2 administrations (in children weighing 50 kg or more, the dosage for adults should be observed); - for adults and children over 12 years of age, the drug is prescribed 1 - 2 g once a day, if necessary - up to 4 g (preferably in 2 injections after 12 hours).
The duration of treatment depends on the type of infection and the severity of the condition. After the symptoms of infection have disappeared and the body temperature has returned to normal, it is recommended to continue use for at least three days.
- For uncomplicated gonorrhea, adults are injected intramuscularly once 0.25 g of Ceftriaxone.
- For the prevention of postoperative infections, adults are injected 1 g once 1/2 to 2 hours before surgery intravenously in the form of infusions for 15 to 30 minutes at a concentration of 10-40 mg / ml.
In patients with impaired liver function, there is no need to reduce the dose if renal function remains normal. In patients with impaired renal function, there is no need to reduce the dose if liver function remains normal. In cases of severe preterminal renal failure with CC<10 мл/мин суточная доза препарата не должна превышать 2 г.
Patients on dialysis do not need additional administration of the drug after dialysis. However, the concentration of ceftriaxone in serum should be monitored for the purpose of timely dose adjustment, since the rate of elimination of the drug in these patients may decrease.
With a combination of severe renal and hepatic impairment, the plasma concentration of ceftriaxone should be measured regularly and the dose adjusted if necessary.
Contraindications
There are no special contraindications for injecting Ceftriaxone except for its high sensitivity to its composition or, in general, to antibiotics of the cephalosporin, penicillin, carbapenem group.
The drug requires careful prescription for infants who have hyperbilirubinonemia, for premature babies, for patients with renal / hepatic insufficiency, for lactating and pregnant women.
Side effects
Side effects of the drug appear as:
- dysfunction of the digestive system (nausea, vomiting, flatulence, taste disturbance, stomatitis, diarrhea, glossitis, sludge formation in the gallbladder and pseudocholelithiasis, pseudomembranous enterocolitis, dysbiosis, candidomycosis and other superinfections).
- hypersensitivity reactions - eosinophilia, fever, pruritus, urticaria, edema, skin rash, multiforme (in some cases malignant) exudative erythema, serum sickness, anaphylactic shock, chills.
- disorders of hematopoiesis (anemia, including hemolytic; lymph, leuko-, neutro-, thrombocyto-, granulocytopenia; thrombosis and leukocytosis, hematuria, basophilia, nosebleeds).
- headache and dizziness.
- oliguria.
If the medicine is injected intravenously, inflammation of the venous wall is possible, as well as soreness along the vein. The injection of the drug into the muscle is accompanied by soreness at the injection site.
Pregnancy and lactation
The use of the drug during pregnancy is possible only in cases where the intended benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus, because ceftriaxone crosses the placental barrier.
If it is necessary to use the drug during lactation, the issue of stopping breastfeeding should be resolved. ceftriaxone is excreted in breast milk.
Prices
The average price of CEFTRIAXON in pharmacies (Moscow) is 20 rubles per 1 g of powder for injection.
Storage conditions
List B. In a dry, dark place, at a temperature not exceeding 30 ° C. Keep out of the reach of children.
Terms of dispensing from pharmacies
The drug is available by prescription.
- Victoria
My husband had a sore throat. They advised to treat with Ceftriaxone for 5 days, 2 injections each. Ceftriaxone injections: I did not know how to use it, since I had never used it, so I followed the instructions. Do not even ask, Ceftriaxone how to dilute with novocaine - the pain is unbearable.
It is not recommended to inject with water. The best option is lidocaine. I gave the injection all 5 days, but after the 3rd course it became much easier - the signs of the disease disappeared. I can't say anything bad about this drug, Ceftriaxone really helps.
- Karina
They encountered this antibiotic when they were lying with my daughter in the hospital for pyelonephritis. I heard unflattering reviews about him and feared for my daughter when Ceftriaxone was prescribed. I asked to first do a test for this drug, as I was afraid of an allergic reaction and anaphylactic shock. Everything turned out to be fine. They injected him with the pain reliever, but still the daughter cried a lot and complained that the injection was very painful.
- Natalia
Appointed because temperature 38.5 does not drop for a week. Appointed 2 times a day, 1 ml. (I breed 4 ml of lidocaine). Kolya myself. It doesn't hurt at all! I made 5 out of 14, temperatures 36.8 and 37.2 probably work.
- Paul
According to the international classification, the antibacterial drug Ceftriaxone belongs to the semi-synthetic antibiotics of the third generation of the cephalosporin series. It has a broad spectrum of action, resistance to beta-lactamases, as well as a bactericidal effect against many gram-positive and gram-negative, both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
- What is Ceftriaxone
- Antibacterial activity of ceftriaxone
- Interaction with other medications
- Side effects
- Methods of using ceftriaxone
- Solution preparation
What is Ceftriaxone
The destruction of bacteria occurs due to the violation of the synthesis of murein - an important component of the bacterial cell wall. Also, the features of most antibiotics of the cephalosporin series include poor absorption in the intestine and an irritating effect on the gastrointestinal tract, as a result of which Ceftriaxone can only be found in the form of a powder for the preparation of injection solutions.
Another reason for the popularity of this drug is its low toxicity and relatively rare occurrence of side effects, which is typical for the vast majority of beta-lactam antibacterial drugs. Ceftriaxone is well distributed in all tissues and body fluids, penetrates the blood-brain and blood-placental barriers, reaching a therapeutic concentration of the drug is possible, including in the cerebrospinal fluid.
The wide spectrum of antibacterial action, low toxicity, and also the relatively low (compared, for example, with carbapenems) cost of the drug, explain the high frequency of prescribing Ceftriaxone injections in the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial infections.
Antibacterial activity of ceftriaxone
With a wide spectrum of action, Ceftriaxone exhibits bactericidal action against such pathogens:
- Staphylococcus aureus is the causative agent of many diseases, from acne and boils to hospital-acquired pneumonia, meningitis and other deadly diseases.
- Pneumococcus is a common causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia and sinusitis.
- Haemophilus influenzae is the cause of pneumonia and meningitis.
- E. coli - Some strains can cause food poisoning.
- Klebsiella - causative agents of pneumonia, as well as urogenital infections.
- Gonococcus is the causative agent of gonorrhea.
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common cause of wound suppuration.
- Clostridia is the causative agent of gas gangrene.
Also, Ceftriaxone can be effective in diseases caused by bacteroids, moraxels, proteus.
When using injections of Ceftriaxone, there is no positive trend in infections caused by methicillin-resistant strains of staphylococci, some strains of streptococci and enterococci.
The spectrum of antibacterial action of third-generation cephalosporins and Ceftriaxone in particular is quite wide, due to which this drug is used to treat many diseases caused by bacteria.
Interaction with other medications
In the case of the combined use of Ceftriaxone with antibacterial drugs from a number of aminoglycosides, polymyxins, as well as with Metronidazole, an increase in efficiency is observed. Ceftriaxone injections while taking loop diuretics (Furosemide, Ethacrynic acid) can significantly increase the likelihood of renal toxicity.
When using Ceftriaxone simultaneously with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the likelihood of bleeding increases, it enhances the effect of anticoagulants.
Not compatible with ethyl alcohol. With the simultaneous administration of injections of Ceftriaxone and alcohol, a so-called disulfiram-like reaction occurs, which develops as a result of inhibition of enzymes responsible for neutralizing the toxic metabolite of ethanol - acetaldehyde. This side effect is manifested by redness of the upper body, a feeling of heat, nausea, vomiting, difficulty breathing, palpitations, a drop in blood pressure is observed, in some cases up to collapse.
It takes into account all the features of drug interactions, the doctor who usually prescribes antibacterial drugs, only a specialist can choose safe combinations, but it is better to refrain from taking alcohol during treatment with any antibiotics.
Side effects
Like any serious drug, Ceftriaxone has a lot of described side effects, although they are relatively rare in cephalosporin antibacterial drugs.
List of possible side effects:
- From local reactions can be observed: pain or induration at the injection site, very rarely phlebitis develops after intravenous injections of Ceftriaxone.
- Hypersensitivity to the drug can manifest itself as a rash, itching, as well as fever and chills, edema, rarely - serum sickness and anaphylactic shock.
- Hematopoietic system - with prolonged treatment with high doses of Ceftriaxone in the peripheral blood, leukopenia, a decrease in the level of platelets, neutrophils, prolongation of prothrombin time, rarely hemolytic anemia can be observed.
- On the part of the digestive system, nausea and vomiting, an increase in the level of liver enzymes in the blood, and pseudomembranous colitis may occur. As with almost any antibiotic therapy, the normal intestinal microflora suffers, which leads to the abundant reproduction of Candida fungi.
- Reactions from the genitourinary system can take the form of an increase in the content of nitrogen and urea in the blood, very rarely interstitial nephritis and colpitis can develop.
Side effects on the central nervous system can manifest as headache or dizziness.
There are a lot of described side effects from Ceftriaxone injections, but it should also be remembered that, due to the low toxicity of the drug, they develop quite rarely.
Indications and contraindications for use
There are a lot of diseases caused by microorganisms sensitive to Ceftriaxone:
- Bacterial infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract, as well as ENT organs (lung abscess, bronchitis, pneumonia, pleurisy, sinusitis.)
- Uncomplicated gonorrhea
- Bacterial lesions of the skin and appendages
- Diseases of the urinary tract and genitourinary system (cystitis, prostatitis, acute, as well as chronic pyelonephritis)
- Gynecological infections, as well as inflammatory lesions of the pelvic organs.
- Bacterial lesions of the abdominal organs (cholecystitis, pancreatitis, duodenitis)
- Sepsis and septicemia
- Bacterial diseases of bones and joints
- Inflammation of the meninges (meningitis)
- Endocarditis
- Syphilis
- Lyme disease (Lyme boreliosis.
Also, Ceftriaxone is used to prevent septic complications after surgical interventions.
Contraindications:
- The drug is contraindicated if allergic reactions have already been observed to Ceftriaxone itself, other cephalosporins, as well as to any other beta-lactam antibiotics (due to possible cross-allergy) - carbapenems, monobactams, penicillins. Ceftriaxone is considered relatively safe when used in pregnant women. although adequate studies of its effect on the fetus have not been conducted.
- The use of the drug in pregnant women is possible after the first trimester, and only if the expected benefit from the introduction of Ceftriaxone is higher than the possible harm to the fetus. If Ceftriaxone is prescribed during lactation, it is recommended to stop breastfeeding, since a small amount of the drug is excreted together with breast milk.
- In laboratory conditions, data have been obtained on the ability of Ceftriaxone to displace bilirubin from carrier proteins in the blood plasma, therefore, the use of the drug in children with hyperbilirubinemia (especially in premature infants) requires special care.
- In patients with a combination of severe hepatic and renal failure, as well as in patients regularly undergoing hemodialysis, it is recommended to regularly determine the concentration of Ceftriaxone in the blood.
- Ceftriaxone has relatively few contraindications for use, but nevertheless, the decision on the need for antibiotic therapy with this particular drug should be made by a specialist with the appropriate education.
Methods of using ceftriaxone
One of the features of the drug - the absence of tablet forms for oral administration is a consequence of the low bioavailability for enteral use, as well as a negative effect on the mucous membranes of the hollow organs of the digestive system. That is why Ceftriaxone is produced only in the form of a powder, from which solutions for intramuscular or intravenous administration are prepared.
It is recommended to use the ready-made solution for intravenous administration immediately after preparation. The ready-made solution for intramuscular administration can be stored at room temperature for up to 3 days, and in the refrigerator (subject to the temperature regime of + 4 ° C) for up to 10 days. During storage, the Ceftriacone solution may change its color from light yellow to amber, but if stored correctly, the drug can still be used.
Preparation of solutions
For intramuscular injection. Ceftriaxone, when administered intramuscularly, causes quite strong pain, as a result of which the solution is prepared using 1% Lidocaine. A dose of up to half a gram of Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 2 ml of a 1% solution of Lidocaine, for 1 g of an antibiotic, 3.5 ml of a local anesthetic will be needed. It is not advisable to inject more than 1 g of solution into one muscle.
For injection into a vein. In order to prepare a solution from half a gram of an antibiotic, you need 5 ml of water for injection, for 1 gram you should use 10 ml. The resulting solution is injected for two to four minutes.
For infusion use. 2 g of Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 40 ml of saline, or in 40 ml of 5% or 10% glucose. If the prescribed dose of Ceftriaxone exceeds 50 mg per 1 kilogram of body weight, the Ceftriaxone solution is administered by drip for at least half an hour.
More detailed information on how to dilute the drug can be obtained by watching the video:
Ceftriaxone is popular with doctors of many specialties for a reason - the combination of low toxicity of the drug with a fairly high efficiency, resistance to bacterial penicillinases, as well as the ability of an antibiotic to penetrate into all tissues and body fluids is rarely combined in one tool.
But, despite the safety of the drug, you should not use antibacterial drugs on your own, since it is due to the uncontrolled use of antibiotics that some bacteria have already developed resistance to Ceftriaxone.
· Read: 6 min · Views:
A modern pharmacological agent with pronounced antibacterial activity is Ceftriaxone injections. What does this antibiotic help with? The drug is attributed by experts to the subgroup of the latest generation of cephalosporins. The drug has the broadest bactericidal effect, therefore it is active against a variety of aerobic as well as anaerobic pathogenic microorganisms. The drug "Ceftriaxone" instructions for use suggest using for epiema, borreliosis, pyelonephritis. 
Main cast
According to the international classification, Ceftriaxone is an antibacterial agent from the cephalosporin class, however, it is from the 3 class of drugs, which have a more powerful effect and a smaller spectrum of side effects.
The pharmacological agent is a weakly hygroscopic powder of fine crystalline structure. With a yellowish or whitish tinge. The main substance is the sodium salt of ceftriaxone. Auxiliary components only support and enhance the healing properties of the active component.
In what form can it be presented
In the pharmacy chain at the moment, a pharmacological agent in the following forms:
- powder for further preparation of injection solutions - 0.25 g, or 0.5 g, as well as 1 g or 2 g;
- powder for the preparation of infusion solutions.
The drug is not available in tablets or syrup by the manufacturer.
Available pharmacological effects
Since the agent is a semi-synthetic antibacterial drug from the subgroup of cephalosporins of the latest generation, its maximum bactericidal activity is guaranteed due to the powerful suppression of the activity of the cell membranes of pathogenic microorganisms. At the same time, the drug has optimal resistance to the effects of beta-lactamases.
The agent exhibits the broadest activity in suppressing both gram-positive and gram-negative flora.
Ceftriaxone injections: what helps and when is prescribed
The instructions for the drug "Ceftriaxone" attached to each pack indicate that the drug can provide effective assistance for infectious lesions formed due to pathogens that are sensitive to the drug.
The Ceftriaxone injection solution prepared from their powder is recommended for antibacterial treatment:
- pathologies of the abdominal region - for example, empyema of the gallbladder, severe peritonitis;
- infections of the ENT organs or respiratory structures - empyema of the pleural tissue, or bronchitis, or lobar pneumonia, as well as an abscess of the lung parenchyma;
- various infections of bone structures and articular elements, as well as soft tissues and dermis, urogenital structures - pyelonephritis, or pyelitis, or prostatitis, cystitis, and epididymitis;
- epiglottite;
- the resulting infection of burn, wound surfaces;
- various lesions of the pathogenic flora of the maxillofacial structures;
- severe septicemia of bacterial etiology;
- endocarditis and meningitis of a bacterial nature;
- tick-borne borreliosis;
- uncomplicated form of gonorrhea, including in cases when the pathology is provoked by microorganisms that release penicillinase;
- salmonellosis, as well as an inactive form of carriage;
- typhoid fever.
It is possible to use the medication for preoperative prophylaxis, as well as for a treatment course in patients with immunodeficiency status.
The main contraindications
According to the instructions for the drug "Ceftriaxone", the use of the drug is prohibited under the following conditions:
- with the available NNC;
- disruptions in the functionality of the renal, as well as hepatic structures;
- with individual hypersensitivity to the active and auxiliary substances of the drug "Ceftriaxone", from which the injections can cause side effects;
- with enteritis, colitis;
- in newborns with hyperbilirubinemia.
At the time of bearing a baby, the use of a medication is possible with individual indications, but under the strict supervision of a specialist. During lactation, the pharmacological agent requires the cessation of breastfeeding. Taking medication with alcoholic beverages is not compatible, therefore it is recommended to refuse it for the entire period of medication treatment.
The drug "Ceftriaxone": instructions for use and dosage
The pharmacological agent is intended for parenteral administration - for adults and adolescents over 10-12 years of age, the dose will be 0.5-1 g in 12-14 hours or 1-2 g / day. The maximum dose per day should not be more than 4 g.
For crumbs of the first two weeks after birth, the dose should be 20-50 mg / kg per day. For children of the older age category - up to 12-14 years old, the dose is not more than 20-80 mg / kg. For children weighing 50 kg or more, the dose is calculated as for adults.
It is necessary to count on an infusion dose of more than 50 mg / kg - in 25-30 minutes. The total duration of the treatment course will depend on the diagnosed severity of the pathology. For example, with meningitis of the bacterial type in infants and children of the younger category, the dose will be 100 mg / kg once. The dose per day is not more than 4 g. The total duration of the treatment course directly depends on the identified pathogen.
With the aim of optimal prevention of complications after surgery, the drug is administered once in a dose of 1-2 g, in direct proportion to the risk of infection - 30-90 minutes before surgery. If surgical manipulation on intestinal loops is to be done, it is also recommended to administer a medication from the 5-nitroimidazole subgroup.
With diagnosed gonorrhea, the dose is calculated as 250 mg / m - once a day. For severe pathologies of an infectious nature of a different localization - at a dose of 25-37.5 mg / kg every 12-14 hours. In pediatric practice, for infectious defects of the dermis, the medication is recommended at a dose of 50 - 75 mg / kg per day, once, or 25-37.5 mg / kg every 10-12 hours, but not more than 2 g / day.
With a diagnosed middle variant of otitis media, the medication is administered parenterally, intramuscularly, at a dose of 50 mg / kg. In people with malfunctions in the renal structures, the dose is adjusted in case of decompensation, it should not exceed 2 g.
How to properly prepare a solution
Experts point out that solutions for the parenteral route of administration of the drug should be prepared shortly before the moment of use. For example, for intramuscular delivery of the drug into the body, 500 mg of the powder form of the drug is dissolved in 2 ml, and 1 g of the drug is dissolved in 3.5 ml of 1% lidocaine. Dilution of the drug is carried out only with a sterile liquid for injection. However, the introduction will be somewhat more painful.
The solution for infusion "Ceftriaxone" is prepared as follows: 2 g of the medication is dissolved in 40 ml either in isotonic sodium chloride liquid, or 5% levulose, or 5% dextrose. A medication in a volume of 50 mg / kg or more is recommended for the infusion method of delivery into the human body, drip, for about 25 - 30 minutes. Freshly prepared solutions are physically as well as chemically stable no more than 5.5 - 6 hours - at room temperature.
For the intravenous route of administration of the drug, 500 mg of the powder is dissolved in 5 ml, and 1 g in 10 ml in a sterile liquid for injection. Then the finished solution is injected slowly, about 2.5-4 minutes.
Possible negative effects
Like most pharmaceuticals, the drug "Ceftriaxone" has a number of undesirable effects:
- persistent headaches;
- earlier uncharacteristic dizziness;
- failure in the activity of the renal structures;
- oliguria;
- hematuria;
- glucosuria;
- hypercreatinemia;
- dyspeptic disorders;
- taste disturbances;
- pronounced flatulence;
- stomatitis and glossitis;
- severe dysbiosis;
- gastralgia;
- disorders in the circulatory system;
- tendency to nosebleeds;
- various allergic conditions, for example, urticaria, bronchospasm.
Of the local negative reactions, the instructions indicate phlebitis, severe pain in the vein, pain in the thickness of the gluteal muscle.
Analogues of the drug "Ceftriaxone"
In terms of composition, the following analogues are distinguished:
- "Azaran".
- "Cefogram".
- Axone.
- "Ceftriaxone-KMP".
- Longacef.
- "Movigip".
- Oframax.
- "Torotsef".
- Rocefin.
- Ceftriabol.
- Tercef.
- Lifaxon.
- "Ceftriaxone-Vial".
- Forceph.
- Megion.
- "Stericeph".
- "Cephson".
- Lendatsin.
- Biotraxon.
- "Cefaxon".
- Betasporin.
- "Medaxon".
- Ceftriaxone Elfa.
- "Chizon".
- Ceftriaxone-AKOS.
- Triaxon.
- Ceftriaxone sodium salt.
- "Cefatrin".
Price
Powder for preparation of injections "Ceftriaxone" can be bought in pharmacies in Moscow and other regions of Russia at a price of 23 rubles. In Minsk it costs 5-15 bel. rubles. The price of the drug in Kiev reaches 58 hryvnia, in Kazakhstan - 140 tenge.
Reviews
In most of the reviews posted on the forums devoted to discussing antibacterial drugs, Ceftriaxone is described as a potent medication that can provide effective assistance in the fight against various pathologies of a bacterial nature. In addition, the drug is permissible by specialists for use in infants, as well as pregnant women. However, in some reviews, patients indicate unpleasant soreness with the introduction of the medication.
Characteristics of the drug
This is a third generation antibiotic of the cephalosporin series. Possesses a wide spectrum of action against many strains of virulent microorganisms. In the inflammatory process of infectious genesis, the antibiotic group is selected individually according to the results of bacterial seeding. The analysis determines which type of antimicrobial agents the bacteria are less resistant to. The appointment of Ceftriaxone is indicated in case of urgent treatment, when there is no time to wait for the results of bacterial culture.
Ceftriaxone contains an active substance of the same name, the action of which is to destroy the cell membrane of microbes. This leads to the death of microorganisms. Ceftriaxone treats diseases caused by many gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms, aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. It inhibits vital activity:
- streptococci;
- staphylococci;
- escherichia coli;
- pseudomonas aeruginosa;
- clubsiella;
- macrocells;
- protea.
Ceftriaxone is only used by injection, which many patients do not like, especially children, because it causes pain when inserted. It is possible that pills will be produced soon, but at this time there is no such dosage form. Injections help relieve the symptoms of the disease in 2-3 days, since they have high bioavailability and the ability to concentrate the active substance in places where the infection accumulates.
When used
Any pathological process caused by the above virulent microorganisms is treated with Ceftriaxone.
The medicine is used for:
- sepsis;
- pneumonia;
- respiratory tract diseases;
- pathologies of the abdominal organs;
- bone infections;
- peritonitis;
- meningitis.
Ceftriaxone injections help to cure sexually transmitted diseases (gonorrhea, syphilis), as well as diseases of the urinary system (pyelonephritis). The drug helps with emphyma of the gallbladder or pleura, cold. Ceftriaxone is often used to prevent postoperative infection in immunocompromised patients.
The use of the drug is contraindicated in pregnancy. The doctor may prescribe injections for a pregnant woman to treat a pathological process of an acute nature or a complicated form. In this case, the ratio is taken into account: how much the drug will help and the harm caused by the drug. It should be pricked with caution in people with impaired renal excretory function, since the medicine can cause the formation of sand in the urinary system.
Ceftriaxone is used for 3 to 14 days, depending on the severity of the pathology. The course of therapy is determined by the doctor based on the patient's condition. Even if the symptoms of the disease have passed, Ceftriaxone needs to be treated for another 2-3 days. This will consolidate the result, completely destroy pathogenic microbes. Before treatment, the patient must be sure to test the tolerability of this drug and its solvent ("Lidocaine"). If the patient is allergic to the components of the drug, then the doctor replaces it with an analogue that does not cause an undesirable reaction.
In any case, before starting treatment with Ceftriaxone, you need to visit a doctor, since this is a strong antibiotic that has many contraindications and side reactions.
Found a bug? Select it and press Ctrl + Enter
The composition of the medicine includes ceftriaxone - an antibiotic from the class of cephalosporins (β-lactam antibiotics, the chemical structure of which is based on 7-ACA).
What is Ceftriaxone?
According to Wikipedia, ceftriaxone is antibiotic, the bactericidal effect of which is due to its ability to disrupt the synthesis of peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls.
The substance is a slightly hygroscopic fine-crystalline powder of yellowish or white color. One vial of the drug contains 0.25, 0.5, 1 or 2 grams of sterile sodium salt of ceftriaxone.
Release form
Powder 0.25 / 0.5 / 1/2 g for preparation:
- solution d / and;
- solution for infusion therapy.
Ceftriaxone is not available in tablets or syrup.
pharmachologic effect
Bactericidal. The drug of the third generation from the group of antibiotics "Cephalosporins".
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
A universal antibacterial agent, the mechanism of action of which is due to the ability to suppress the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. The drug is highly resistant to most β-lactamases Gram (+) and Gram (-) microorganisms.
Active against:
- Gram (+) aerobes - St. aureus (including in relation to strains producing penicillinase) and Epidermidis, Streptococcus (pneumoniae, pyogenes, viridans group);
- Gram (-) aerobes - Enterobacter aerogenes and cloacae, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Haemophilus influenzae (including in relation to strains producing penicillinase) and parainfluenzae, Borrelia burgdorferi, Klebsiella spp. (including pneumoniae), Escherichia coli, Moraxella catarrhalis and diplococci of the genus Neisseria (including strains producing penicillinase), Morganella morganii, Proteus vulgaris and Proteus mirabilis, Neisseria meningitidis, Serratia spp., some strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- anaerobes - Clostridium spp. (exception - Clostridium difficile), Bacteroides fragilis, Peptostreptococcus spp ..
In vitro (clinical significance remains unknown) activity against strains of the following bacteria is noted: Citrobacter diversus and freundii, Salmonella spp. (including Salmonella typhi), Providencia spp. (including Providencia rettgeri), Shigella spp .; Bacteroides bivius, Streptococcus agalactiae, Bacteroides melaninogenicus.
Resistant to methicillinStaphylococcus, many strains of Enterococcus (including Str. Faecalis) and Group D Streptococcus are resistant to (including ceftriaxone).
Pharmacokinetic parameters:
- bioavailability - 100%;
- T Cmax with the introduction of ceftriaxone in / in - at the end of the infusion, with the introduction of intramuscularly - 2-3 hours;
- connection with plasma proteins - from 83 to 96%;
- T1 / 2 with intramuscular injection - from 5.8 to 8.7 hours, with intravenous administration - from 4.3 to 15.7 hours (depending on the disease, the patient's age and the state of his kidneys).
In adults, the concentration of ceftriaxone in the cerebrospinal fluid when administered 50 mg / kg after 2-24 hours is many times higher than the MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) for the most common pathogens meningococcal infection... The drug penetrates well into the cerebrospinal fluid with inflammation of the meninges.
Ceftriaxone is excreted unchanged:
- kidneys - by 33-67% (in newborn babies this indicator is at the level of 70%);
- with bile into the intestine (where the drug is inactivated) - by 40-50%.
Hemodialysis is ineffective.
Indications for the use of Ceftriaxone
The annotation indicates that the indications for the use of Ceftriaxone are infections caused by bacteria sensitive to the drug. Intravenous infusions and injections are prescribed to treat:
- infections of the abdominal cavity (including with empyema of the gallbladder, angiocholitis, peritonitis), ENT organs and respiratory tract ( empyema of the pleura, pneumonia, bronchitis, lung abscess etc.), bone and articular tissue, soft tissues and skin, urogenital tract (including pyelonephritis, pyelitis, prostatitis, cystitis, epididymitis);
- epiglottitis;
- infected burns / wounds;
- infectious lesions of the maxillofacial region;
- bacterial septicemia;
- sepsis;
- bacterial endocarditis;
- bacterial meningitis;
- syphilis;
- chancroid;
- tick-borne borreliosis (Lyme disease);
- uncomplicated gonorrhea (including in cases where the disease is caused by microorganisms that secrete penicillinase);
- salmonellosis / salmonella carriage;
- typhoid fever.
The drug is also used for perioperative prophylaxis and for the treatment of patients with weakened immunity.
What is Ceftriaxone used for in syphilis?
Despite the fact that with various forms syphilis drug of choice is penicillin, its effectiveness in some cases may be limited.
For application antibiotics-cephalosporins resorted to as a backup option for drug intolerance penicillin groups.
The valuable properties of the drug are:
- the presence in its composition of chemicals that have the ability to suppress the formation of cell membranes and mucopeptide synthesis in the walls of bacterial cells;
- the ability to quickly penetrate the organs, fluids and tissues of the body and, in particular, into liquor, which in patients with syphilis undergoes many specific changes;
- the possibility of use for the treatment of pregnant women.
The drug is most effective in cases where the causative agent of the disease is Treponema pallidum, since a distinctive feature of Ceftriaxone is its high treponemicidal activity. The positive effect is especially pronounced with the intramuscular injection of the drug.
Treatment syphilis with the use of the drug gives good results not only in the early stages of the development of the disease, but also in advanced cases: neurosyphilis, as well as with secondary and hidden syphilis.
Since the T1 / 2 of Ceftriaxone is approximately 8 hours, the drug can be used with equal success in both inpatient and outpatient treatment regimens. It is enough to administer the drug to the patient once a day.
For preventive treatment, the agent is administered within 5 days, with the primary syphilis - 10-day course, early hidden and secondary syphilis are treated in 3 weeks.
With non-running forms neurosyphilis the patient is injected once for 1-2 g of Ceftriaxone for 20 days, in the later stages of the disease, the drug is administered 1 g / day. within 3 weeks, after which an interval of 14 days is maintained and treatment is carried out with a similar dosage for 10 days.
With acute generalized meningitis and syphilitic meningoencephalitis the dose is increased to 5 g / day.
Ceftriaxone injections: why is the drug prescribed for angina in adults and children?
Despite the fact that antibiotic effective for various lesions nasopharynx (including when sore throat and at sinusitis), it is usually rarely used as the drug of choice, especially in pediatrics.
When sore throat the medicine can be injected through a drip into a vein or in the form of ordinary injections into the muscle. However, in the vast majority of cases, the patient is prescribed intramuscular injections. The solution is prepared just before use. The finished mixture at room temperature remains stable for 6 hours after preparation.
Children with sore throat Ceftriaxone is prescribed in exceptional cases when acute angina complicated by strong suppuration and inflammation.
The appropriate dosage is determined by the attending physician.
During pregnancy, the drug is prescribed in cases where it is not effective antibiotics of the penicillin group... Although the drug crosses the placental barrier, it does not significantly affect the health and development of the fetus.
Sinusitis treatment with Ceftriaxone
When sinusitis antibacterial agents are first line drugs. Fully penetrating into the blood, Ceftriaxone is retained in the focus of inflammation in the required concentrations.
As a rule, the medicine is prescribed in combination with mucolytics, vasoconstrictor agents etc.
How to inject the drug with sinusitis? Usually the patient is prescribed Ceftriaxone to be injected into the muscle twice a day for 0.5-1 g. Before injection, the powder is mixed with Lidocaine(preferably a 1% solution) or water d / i.
The treatment lasts at least 1 week.
Contraindications
Ceftriaxone is not indicated for known hypersensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics or auxiliary components of the drug.
Relative contraindications:
- neonatal period if the child has hyperbilirubinemia;
- prematurity;
- renal / hepatic impairment;
- enteritis, NNC or colitisassociated with the use antibacterial agents;
- pregnancy;
- lactation.
Side effects of Ceftriaxone
Side effects of the drug appear as:
- hypersensitivity reactions - eosinophilia, fever, itching, hives, edema, skin rash, multiforme (in some cases malignant) exudative erythema, serum sickness, anaphylactic shockchills;
- headache and dizziness;
- oliguria;
- dysfunction of the digestive system (nausea, vomiting, flatulence, taste disturbance, stomatitis, diarrhea, glossitis, the formation of sludge in the gallbladder and pseudocholelithiasis, pseudomembranous enterocolitis, dysbiosis, candidomycosis and other superinfections);
- disorders of hematopoiesis ( anemia, including hemolytic; lymph, leuko-, neutro-, thrombocyto-, granulocytopenia; thromboticand leukocytosis, hematuria, basophilia, nosebleeds).
If the medicine is injected intravenously, inflammation of the venous wall is possible, as well as soreness along the vein. The injection of the drug into the muscle is accompanied by soreness at the injection site.
Ceftriaxone (injections and intravenous infusion) can also affect laboratory parameters. The patient's prothrombin time decreases (or increases), the activity of alkaline phosphatase and liver transaminases increases, as well as the concentration of urea, and hypercreatininemia, hyperbilirubinemia, glucosuria.
Ceftriaxone is a broad-spectrum antibiotic. What it helps: from salmonellosis, from sepsis, various infections, and so on. According to the instructions of Ceftriaxone, the use of the drug is permissible in the therapy of both adults and children. Injections are given intramuscularly or into a vein. The dosage is determined according to age and clinical presentation. Ceftriaxone tablets are not manufactured but supplied as a powder. The use of Ceftriaxone injections is associated with the need to calculate how to dilute Ceftriaxone with lidocaine, how to dilute it with water for injection. Price - 16-45 rubles. Analogs - Cefazolin, Cefotaxime, Suprax, Cefalexin and a number of other names.
Ceftriaxone is a 3rd generation antibiotic that can interfere with the synthesis of peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls. Outwardly, it is a fine-crystalline powdery agent. The color of the composition is white or with a yellow tint. The vials contain 0.25 g, 0.5 g, 1 g or 2 g. From the chemical composition, a solution for injections is obtained or used for infusion therapy.
Important! Ceftriaxone is a prescription drug and is used in inpatient settings.
The compound is 83-96% bound to blood proteins. The highest concentration is found by the end of the introduction of the composition with infusion into a vein and after 2-3 hours with intramuscular injection.
Attention!
This drug is not combined with other antimicrobial medicines. Ceftriaxone adversely affects the intestinal microflora, interferes with the production of vitamin K. Accordingly, simultaneous administration with compounds that reduce platelet aggregation may be fraught with bleeding. Also, the drug enhances the effect of taking anticoagulants. If loop diuretics are used simultaneously in therapy, nephrotoxicity may develop.
Important! There is no antidote to Ceftriaxone, and the consequences of an overdose will be convulsions and overexcitation of the central nervous system.
If the person is on hemodialysis, with a history of liver or kidney disease, the plasma concentration of Ceftriaxone should be monitored.
With a prolonged course, blood tests are monitored in terms of indicators of liver and kidney function. If there is a change in the balance of fluid and electrolytes, with arterial hypertension, sodium is monitored.
Sometimes ultrasound of the gallbladder shows slight darkening. This indicates the presence of sediment, which disappears at the end of the course on its own.
It is sometimes advisable for weakened people to simultaneously prescribe vitamin K. Ceftriaxone does not affect the quality of neuromuscular conduction.
Important! Drinking alcoholic beverages while undergoing antibiotic treatment is unacceptable because of the possibility of symptoms typical of severe poisoning. Lethal outcome is not excluded.
Ceftriaxone: when is it needed?
Ceftriaxone is used to treat abdominal infections. It is useful for infections of the ENT organs and respiratory tract. The remedy is good for infectious lesions of soft, bone and articular tissues, skin. The antibiotic is useful in combating infections of the genitourinary system.
If bacterial endocarditis or meningitis is diagnosed, Ceftriaxone will also be prescribed. Syphilis and chancroid are treated with the same remedy. It also helps with tick-borne borreliosis, uncomplicated gonorrhea. Ceftriaxone will help with salmonellosis, salmonella, and typhoid fever.
Ceftriaxone is used as a prophylaxis in surgical procedures.
Syphilis
The fight against syphilis in any of its forms is based on drugs developed on the basis of penicillin. However, sometimes this treatment is ineffective. For example, the penicillin group has to be abandoned due to an allergy to Penicillium.
If Treponema pallidum was the provocateur, then it is better to use Ceftriaxone, since it is characterized by increased treponemicidal activity, which is especially noticeable with the intramuscular route of drug administration.
Ceftriaxone has shown itself well both in the early stages of the disease, and in old cases, when neurosyphilis has developed, with secondary or latent syphilis.
The treatment tactics are chosen according to the severity of the condition. This is 1 dose per day for:
- 5 days for prevention;
- 10 days - with primary Syphilis;
- 21 days - with early latent or secondary;
- 20 days - 1-2 g of substance with non-started neurosyphilis;
- 21 days - followed by a 14-day break and repetition of the course in 10 days with advanced neurosyphilis.
Important! If acute generalized meningitis or syphilitic meningoencephalitis is diagnosed, then 1 dose will be 5 g of Ceftriaxone.
Angina and sinusitis
Ceftriaxone, although needed in the fight for the health of the nasopharynx, is almost never used for tonsillitis and sinusitis, especially when children are being treated. The medicine is prescribed when the sore throat is complicated by pus, serious inflammation.
With sinusitis, the composition is traditionally prescribed simultaneously with mucolytics, vasoconstrictors, and the like.
In the described conditions, the composition is administered via a dropper or intramuscularly. The latter method is used more often. The dosage is 0.5-1 g every 24 hours for at least 1 week.
Limitations
An absolute contraindication to the appointment of Ceftriaxone is an allergy to antibiotics of the cephalosporin group, to other components of the drug.
Also, the medication is not given:
- newborns with hyperbilirubinemia;
- premature babies;
- pregnant women - in exceptional cases. Reception in the 1st trimester is strictly prohibited;
- nursing mothers. If this medication is prescribed, the child is transferred to artificial feeding;
- with renal or hepatic failure;
- with enteritis;
- ulcerative or other colitis.
Consequences of using Ceftriaxone
Taking Ceftriaxone sometimes provokes a variety of allergic reactions. There were complaints of headache and dizziness. Oligulia and dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract were noted. Problems with hematopoiesis may occur.
When the drug is injected through a vein, inflammation of its wall, pain along its course is permissible. If the intramuscular method of drug delivery is practiced, pain in the puncture area is allowed.
Important! Taking Ceftriaxone occasionally causes changes in laboratory data.
Treatment regimen
Usually, the powder is mixed with the pain reliever right before administration. The finished suspension can be stored for up to 6 hours. The injections are given in veins or muscle tissue.
The daily dose for those over 12 years old or, if the child weighs over 50 kg, is 1-2 g. In complicated conditions, give up to 5 g. The composition is administered once. You can give it twice a day with a 12-hour break, but then the required volume is divided in half. Before surgical interventions for prophylaxis, 1-2 g of antibiotic is administered 0.5-1.5 hours before opening.
Children under the age of 14 days are given the medication once a day. The dose is calculated as 20-50 mg per kg. Children under the age of 12 are prescribed a dosage, taking into account the weight, but they are considered based on 20-75 mg per kilogram.
If the prescribed volume is more than 50 mg per kg, then the agent is administered into a vein in 30-40 minutes.
The duration of the course is determined by the disease, as well as by the peculiarities of the clinical picture. Someone needs 4 days for treatment, someone needs 2 weeks.
Breeding
The antibiotic is prepared with water for injection or with lidocaine (1% or 2%). With an aqueous solution, manipulations will be very sensitive. Water is taken as a substitute for allergies to lidocaine, as well as for intravenous infusion.
Novocaine has a bad effect on the activity of ceftriaxone. If you use this diluent, then 5 ml of anesthetic is collected per 1 g of the composition. If there is less liquid, the crystals will partially dissolve and clog the needle.
For intramuscular injections 1% Lidocaine is taken based on the proportion:
- 2 ml of anesthetic per 0.25 g or 0.5 g of substance;
- 3.6 ml of diluent per g of product.
This pain reliever is not used to enter a vein. If you take 2% Lidocaine, then 1 g of antibiotic will require 1.8 ml of anesthetic and water for injection. If Ceftriaxone needs 0.25 g, then 0.9 ml of the specified solution is sufficient.
You should know! In pediatrics, a mixture with Novocaine is almost never used, since anaphylactic shock is possible. Pain relief with lidocaine in children can lead to seizures and dysfunction of the heart muscle. Therefore, for small patients, the solution is more often obtained with water for injection.
If the medication needs to be injected into a vein, then 1 g is stirred in 10 ml of sterile distilled water. The manipulation is long - the syringe is stretched for 2-4 minutes.
For droppers 2 g of Ceftriaxone is mixed with 40 ml of dextrose (5% or 10%), NaCl (0.9%) or fructose (5%). The procedure is extended up to 30 minutes.
Veterinary
For pets, the volume is calculated in proportion to the mass. Usually they take 30-50 mg per 1 kg.
For small animals, ampoules of 0.5 g are usually bought. For such a volume, you need either 2 ml of one percent Lidocaine, or 1 ml of two percent Lidocaine and the same amount of water for injection. The fluid is injected either into the muscle tissue or under the skin.
Dogs are prepared for 1 g. The mixture is made from 2 ml of Lidocaine 2% and a similar volume of water for injection.
Important! If the medication must be injected into a vein, then a catheter is used, and sterile distilled water is taken for dissolution.
Analogs
Injections
Cefazolin
Cefazolin is a 1st generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It is sold in powder form. It has a pronounced antibacterial effect. The half-life is about 1.5 hours. 85% of the received volume interacts with blood proteins.
This medicine is used in the treatment of Syphilis and gonorrhea, for inflammation of the prostate, kidney and bladder infections. Cefazolin is given 2-4 times a day. For adults, 1 injection requires 1 g of substance per 1 kg of weight, for children - 20-40 mg.
If Cefazolin is taken for preventive purposes during surgical procedures, then the scheme is applied:
- 1 g is given 30 minutes before the intervention;
- 0.5-1 g - during operation;
- 0.5-1 g - every 6-8 hours on the first day.
In such a situation, the total mass of the obtained compound cannot exceed 6 g.
Caution! The dosage of Cefazolin for renal or hepatic insufficiency is adjusted downward.
The cost is 35-40 rubles.
Cefotaxime
Cefotaxime is injected into the muscle. The connection with blood proteins is provided by about 40%. About half of the medication received comes out with urine in an unchanged state. It is used in the treatment of the same cases as Cefazolin, as well as for meningitis, peritonitis, sepsis, and Lyme disease.
This composition inhibits the production of vitamin K, which, when combined with drugs that reduce platelet aggregation, sometimes provokes bleeding.
If the weight is more than 50 kg, give 1-2 g of Cefotaxime 2-6 times in 1 day. If less than 50 kg, then the dose is determined on the basis of 50-180 μg per 1 kg.
The price is 23.2-960 rubles.
Pills and capsules
Suprax
The main element of Suprax is cefexim. It combines with blood proteins by about 70%. If you are allergic to penicillin, there is a similar reaction to cefexim.
Important! The safety of the drug in relation to premature and newborn babies has not been established.
Suprax is useful in the fight against infectious and inflammatory diseases, for example, with cystitis, urethritis, uncomplicated gonorrhea, pharyngitis, sinusitis, otitis media, bronchitis.
The course lasts 7-10 days. The medicine is taken 1 time per day, 400 mg.
Suprax is sold at 549-808 rubles. Also produced as suspension.
Cefelaxin
1 tablet or capsule of Cefelaxin contains 500 mg of the active ingredient. The composition is good against skin infections. Fights kidney and bladder infections. Cefelaxin will help with anti-infectious therapy of ENT organs and the bronchopulmonary system. It will protect bones and joints from infection.
Starting from the age of 10 years, give 0.25-0.5 g of Cefelaxin 4 times a day. The course is designed for 7-14 days. If a streptococcal infection is detected, then they are treated for at least 10 days.
Suspensions
In addition to Suprax, the analogue of Ceftriaxone, produced in the form of a suspension, is Cephalexin. The required dosage is calculated according to the patient's weight and the severity of his condition. Cephalexin is given 4-6 times a day. The course is 1-2 weeks.
Caution! Cephalexin can only be given to children after 6 months.
The cost - 70-81 rubles.
