Increased blood coagulation as determined. Blood coagulation test: transcript, norm, how to take? Normal rates in women by age

Materials are published for reference, and are not a prescription for treatment! We recommend that you contact a hematologist at your hospital!

Normal blood coagulation is very important to ensure the smooth functioning of all internal organs. A biosystem that directly determines the optimal level of blood coagulation is hemostasis. It is responsible for two functions of our body: it maintains blood in a liquid state or coagulates it if there are any damage to blood vessels. Determine how correct is the functioning of this system, allows appropriate analysis.

Features of hemostasis

The hemostatic system regulates blood loss in the body due to two mechanisms:

1. Vascular platelet hemostasis;
2. Coagulation hemostasis.

The first of them prevents coagulation, and the second is responsible for the direct coagulation of blood.   Working independently from each other, but at the same time, these two mechanisms can ensure a competent balance of blood coagulation, that is, protect the body from reduced or increased coagulation.

The consistency of the blood should be characterized by stability. For good circulation through the vessels, it must be sufficiently fluid. But in order not to leak through the walls of blood vessels under the influence of pressure, the blood should be quite thick.

Important! If the vessel is damaged, the body forms a blood clot in this place, which prevents the flow of blood. In a healthy body, a local course of this process is observed, that is, a blood clot forms specifically at the site of damage to the vessel wall. If the blood is characterized by poor coagulability, then the blood clot forms slowly. With an increased coagulation index, on the contrary, the process is fast.

Analysis Name	Rate indicator	What kind of blood is used
Platelet count	In men and women, 150-400 g / l	Capillary (finger fence)
	In children 150-350 g / l
Coagulation time	Norm according to Sukharev: beginning - 30-120 seconds; ending - between 3 and 5 minutes;	Capillary
	Norm White Lee 5-10 minutes	From vein
Duke bleeding duration	Should not exceed 4 minutes	From the finger
Thrombin time (TV)	12-20 seconds	From vein
Prothrombin Index (PTI)	Capillary blood 93-107%	Finger analysis
	Venous blood 90-105%	Vein analysis
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT)	For all age groups, regardless of gender 35-50 seconds	Venous
Fibrinogen	Adults 2-4 g / l; in a child of the first days of life, 1.25-3.0 g / l	From vein

The following factors can affect blood coagulation time:

• The condition in which the vascular walls are. Strengthening coagulation can occur if the structure of the walls of the arteries is seriously impaired.
• Plasma Concentration. For the most part, they are synthesized by the liver. These factors affecting coagulability are with a reduced or increased level, on which blood coagulation directly depends.
• Anticoagulation System and Plasma Factor Concentration. The more these factors, the thinner the blood will be.
• The number of platelets, as well as the usefulness of their functioning. It is platelets that “monitor” the integrity of blood vessels and provoke the process of blood coagulation.

There are three stages of coagulability, and if any of them occurs incorrectly, then this can lead to a violation of the entire coagulation function.

Importance of analysis to determine coagulation

A blood coagulation test is one of the key studies before any type of surgery or during pregnancy. The coagulation time has been scientifically established: the norm in women and men is from one to five minutes. The main objective of this analysis is to establish the results of blood coagulation when the vessels are damaged. Possible diseases are also checked - the presence of various blood pathologies, both congenital and acquired, is established.

Blood coagulation video

Blood clots that form on the walls in the human vascular system are the most common causes of stroke, coronary disease, and heart attack. In this case, the main causes of thrombosis lie precisely in the increased level of coagulability, which leads to the formation of blood clots.

Important! It is imperative to check blood coagulability in a timely manner, because its elevated level can cause a number of diseases of the cardiac and vascular systems. Also, a violation of the coagulating properties of blood often occurs against a background of serious pathologies, and therefore this analysis can be an important step in the diagnosis of various diseases, which can even have irreversible consequences, even death.

A study of blood coagulability in protein should be carried out to prevent possible malfunctions in the hemostatic biosystem of the following patients:

• Persons over the age of forty.
• Pregnant, since hemostasis during pregnancy can vary significantly.
• In the period of menopause.
• To everyone who is preparing for surgery.
• Patients who take medications and blood thinners for a long time.

Features of the analysis

Now let's figure out how to pass the coagulation analysis. Blood sampling is carried out from a vein, after which it is sent to a test tube, into which then a substance that prevents coagulation is added. After this, a number of samples are taken, which determine 8 analysis parameters, the main of which are:

• The internal way to stop bleeding.
• Clot formation time.
• External pathway of blood coagulation.

The scheme for determining blood coagulability suggests another 5 parameters, which are attributed to additional ones.

Causes of coagulation abnormalities

Any deviations from normal blood coagulation are undesirable. There are such types of violations in this case: increased and low coagulability. With an increase in this indicator, blood clots may occur, as a result of which the blood supply to individual organs decreases or even stops. Moreover, such disorders can be both congenital and acquired.

The most common causes of such deviations are:

• Patient taking anti-inflammatory drugs, anticoagulants, fibrinolytics and aspirin.

• Gene mutations, which can also be transmitted by inheritance (hemophilia).
• Lack of vitamin K in the body, blood and liver diseases, profuse blood loss.

Important! Poor coagulation requires immediate treatment.

Causes and consequences of increased blood coagulation

In this case, the likelihood of blood clots in the vascular system, inflammation of the veins, which ultimately leads to the development of thrombophlebitis, significantly increases. The main signs of this pathology are the appearance of swelling in the area of \u200b\u200bthe affected veins, redness of the skin with pain.

They lead to disruption of blood flow in tissues, clogging blood vessels. Thus, tissue damage occurs in an unhealthy area. If there is a complete blockage of the blood flow to the organ, there is a section where the cells die (ischemia focus), this leads to disruption of the organ, which is fraught with the appearance of irreversible consequences.

Important! The greatest danger is increased clotting for the brain and heart, since their lesions often lead to disability and even death.

The most terrible complication of thrombophlebitis is the separation of a thrombus. If the thrombus is diametrically smaller than the vessel, then it begins to move with the blood until it clogs one of the vessels. The greatest danger to the patient's life is thromboembolism that occurs in the pulmonary artery. In order to avoid such consequences, a thorough check of blood coagulation should be carried out.

There are a number of reasons that determine increased coagulation. Here are the most common ones:

This disease poses a serious danger to patients, since bleeding may occur. Often it occurs in those who have an ulcer (in the stomach or intestines). This can lead to significant blood loss.

Important! With poor blood coagulability, the risk of bleeding opening inside the body increases significantly. Such manifestations are often noticed by specialists too late. For this reason, coagulation testing should be carried out even with a simple tooth extraction.

In patients with poor coagulability, bleeding of the gums is usually observed, nosebleeds are possible, and bruises occur even with minor strokes, injuries. Speaking bruises can be large or resemble a rash in nature. Also, patients may appear cracks or wounds on the skin without any obvious reason.

Poor blood clotting may have symptoms similar to anemia, such as:

• hair loss;
• general malaise;
• brittle nails;
• dizziness;
• diarrhea or vice versa, constipation, etc.

Poor blood coagulation may indicate that the patient has serious diseases such as hemophilia, in which there is a tendency to bleeding. This disease can be inherited along the male line, despite the fact that women are its carriers.

Problems with coagulability can occur against the background of poor environmental conditions, work in harmful conditions, decreased immunity or the development of cancer.

Any deviations in blood coagulation are not only dangerous for the patient’s life, but can also indicate the development of a number of serious diseases in his body. For this reason, you must immediately consult a doctor if you notice one of the above symptoms.

Hemostasis is a biological system responsible for maintaining a normal liquid blood composition and providing a stop of bleeding in case of damage to the vascular wall.

Violations in this system may manifest as increased bleeding or a tendency to thrombosis. For early detection of the causes of pathological changes, a blood coagulation test is performed to identify the type of disorders and their severity.

How is hemostasis maintained?

In the process of stopping bleeding play a role: vascular, platelet and plasma factors. Primary hemostasis is due to spasm of blood vessels and the formation of platelet plugs. For minor damage to the microvasculature, such a “plug” may be enough, however, it cannot provide a complete stop of bleeding from large vessels with high pressure for a long time.
Therefore, secondary stop of bleeding, coagulation, as a result of the work of plasma coagulation factors, is included. This system includes thirteen coagulation factors. Under their influence, the formation of active prothrombinase occurs, the formation of thrombin and fibrin, and further retraction of the blood clot. Violation of these processes leads to massive blood loss, even with a small cut, hemorrhage in the muscles and joints with minor bruises, hematuria, pathologically profuse, prolonged menstruation, etc.
  The most famous hereditary deficits of plasma factors that manifest in a child include hemophilia. The disease is accompanied by deficiencies of the eighth (type A), ninth (type B) and eleventh (type C) factors.

How to take blood coagulation tests?

Also, when deciphering the results of a blood coagulation test, it is important to consider that women may have underestimated rates during menstruation. During pregnancy or after prolonged use of oral contraceptives, a physiological overestimation of hemostasis is possible.
  Therapy of pathologies of the cardiovascular system, accompanied by the intake of anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents, is characterized by blood thinning. Prolonged vomiting, diarrhea, and general dehydration can cause thickening.

Material intake

If capillary blood is required for the study (determination of platelet count, clotting time, prothrombin index), it is taken from the finger, after a puncture with a special needle or scarifier. Venous, recruited to determine Lee-White coagulation, thrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time. For analysis, about 20 cubes are needed.
  Material is delivered to the laboratory no later than two hours from the moment of collection. Further, it is subjected to centrifugation, in order to separate the plasma from the shaped elements. To study the indicators of a coagulogram, it is plasma that is needed.

Types of bleeding with decoding

Violation of hemostasis can proceed as hyper and hypocoagulation. In the first case, the patient has a tendency to increased microthrombosis.
  In the case of a decrease in coagulability, in addition to laboratory data, the type of bleeding is also evaluated during decoding.
  Exist:

• microcirculatory, accompanied by small bruises, petychias, specific for thrombocytopenic conditions, thrombocytopathy, von Willebrand disease;
• hematoma, observed in hemophilia and is manifested by diffuse hematomas, hemorrhage in the joint bags, muscles and internal organs.
• mixed (microcirculatory), develops against the background of disseminated intravascular coagulation, an overdose of anticoagulants, thrombolytics;
• the vasculitis-purple type occurs with microthrombovasculitis;
• for angiomatous, vascular asterisks and frequent nosebleeds (telangiectasia, microangiomatosis) are characteristic.

The main causes of hemostasis

Bleeding enhancement	Reasons for increased coagulation
hemophilia A, B, C;   von Willebrand disease;   thrombocytopenia, due to defects in the formation of platelets;   bone marrow disease;   aplastic anemia;   prolonged use of penicillins, glucocorticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory diseases;   purple Chenley-Genoch;   telangiectasia;   radiation sickness;   end stages of DIC syndrome, accompanied by depletion of the coagulation link;	erythremia;   traumatic injuries of large vessels;   development of antiphospholipid syndrome;   condition after installing an artificial heart valve;   malignant neoplasms;   autoimmune diseases;   pregnancy;   prolonged use of oral contraceptives and estrogen preparations;   atherosclerosis.   Prolonged bleeding, the first phase of DIC.

The norm in the indicators of analysis

The platelet count in an adult is from 150 to 400 g / l. For children, the upper level drops to 350 g / l.

According to Sukharev.

Normal indicators of coagulation according to Sukharev show the initial stage of fibrin formation from 30 seconds to 2 minutes and the time of completion of this process is 3-5 minutes. To conduct this analysis, the material is drawn into a special transparent capillary. Further, the vessel is tilted alternately to the right - to the left. With the help of a stopwatch, the laboratory assistant determines the time when the coagulation process begins, that is, the blood stops flowing freely along the walls of the capillary.

According to Duke.

Platelet factor hemostasis is evaluated. A basic test to determine the body’s ability to stop bleeding. To conduct the study, a small pillow of the ring finger is punctured by approximately 4 ml, then the protruding blood is blotted, every 20 seconds, the removal of the protruding drop is repeated. To evaluate the result, summarize the time until the last drop appears. In a healthy person, the time to stop bleeding from the microvasculature is up to two minutes.

According to Lee White.

The coagulation rate of one milliliter of venous blood is studied from the moment of its collection to the formation of a dense stable clot.
  The norm is from five to seven minutes.
Thrombin time.
  It allows you to evaluate the rate of conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin and identify violations in the final stage of hemostasis. In a healthy person, the indicator is within 15-18 seconds. It is used for clinical monitoring of treatment with anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents.
  Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT).
  Gives the duration of the formation of a blood clot after adding a solution of calcium chloride to plasma. An increase in this indicator indicates a pronounced deficiency of vitamin K. The normal value is in the range of 30-35 seconds.
Prothrombin (thromboplastin) time.
  It is used to diagnose thromboembolism and diseases accompanied by hypocoagulation. It is directly dependent on the level of prothrombin in the blood plasma.
  It is from ten to 14 seconds.
  For a complete assessment of the external coagulation mechanism, it is necessary to comprehensively evaluate the indicators of prothrombin time, index and calculate the international normalized ratio. When calculating the INR, it is necessary to divide the patient's prothrombin time, divide by the standard normal indicator and bring the resulting value to the international sensitivity index. The norm of INR is from eighty to 110%.
  Modern technologies used in Invitro laboratories allow you to quickly and accurately carry out:

• screening for hemostatic disorders;
• perform the differential. diagnosis of diseases accompanied by coagulation;
• to study the state of the coagulation system in pregnant women and patients receiving therapy with antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory diseases.

Examples of coagulograms of diseases accompanied by increased bleeding

Hemophilia.

In the hemostasiogram, hypocoagulation is detected, as a result of a pronounced violation of prothrombin formation. Increases the duration of coagulation according to Lee - White for more than 10 minutes. Platelet counts are within normal limits.
  APTT lengthens for more than 45 seconds.

Hemorrhagic vasculitis.

It is characterized by severe hypercoagulation. Significantly reduced anticoagulant properties, reduced thrombin time. There is an accelerated process of neutralizing the heparin introduced, and increasing the plasma tolerance to it.
The first indicators of coagulopathy by the type of consumption are revealed, manifested by hypercoagulation in the first phase, a decrease in the time of stopping bleeding according to Lee - White. Inhibition of the fibrinolysis system is also characteristic: a low indicator of spontaneous fibrinolysis and an increased density of the clot.
  Such data are detected in the hypercoagulant phase of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Classical vasculitis is characterized by the absence of thrombocytopenia of consumption and an increased amount of fibrin in the plasma.

Blood coagulation   - this is the most important ability of the body to stop bleeding when the walls of the vessels are damaged, and the resorption of blood clots when they are no longer needed. The concept of blood coagulation is inextricably linked with the homeostasis system, the function of which is to preserve blood. Homeostasis has two mechanisms:

1. Primary - vascular platelet. With it, platelets stick together and form the so-called “white thrombus”, in which platelets predominate.
2. Secondary - coagulation (aka blood coagulation). When it creates a dense clogging of the damaged area with a fibrin clot, which is also called the "red blood clot." He got this name due to the fact that the fibrin network consists mainly of red blood cells.

Thus, the process of blood coagulation is quite complicated and its role in the body is very significant. Any pathology associated with blood coagulation can indicate diseases and lead to them. It should also be clarified that the final stage of homeostasis is fibrinolysis, in which a blood clot is destroyed when the vessel has recovered, and the need for a fibrin clot has disappeared.

Blood coagulation test indicators

A blood coagulation test is also called coagulorama. To take a blood test for coagulation, for this you need to decide on the indication. In a number of diseases, blood coagulability may be impaired, and their presence is the basis for testing the ability of coagulability:

• autoimmune diseases;
• impaired liver function;
• cardiovascular pathology;
• phlebeurysm;

Also, coagulation analysis is necessary in certain conditions:

• pregnancy;
• postoperative or preoperative period;
• control during treatment with anticoagulants;
• if you suspect a prolonged stoppage of blood, a coagulation test is necessary.

Blood coagulation test

Before talking about the norm of blood coagulation analysis, it should be clarified that in each laboratory these indicators may slightly differ, and therefore the final word is with the attending physician. You also need to understand that the norms of coagulograms differ during pregnancy, depending on the trimester.

So, a general blood coagulation test contains 8 standards, which give an assessment of blood coagulability:

How is a blood coagulation test performed?

A blood coagulation test is often performed in vitro, but, for example, when evaluating the coagulation of whole blood - thromboelastography, a measurement close to the conditions of the invivo is possible.

To make a general blood coagulation test, 8 hours before the test, you should not eat. Blood for analysis is taken from a vein to assess venous blood. To assess the coagulability of capillary blood and platelets, it is enough to analyze blood from a finger.

Blood coagulation is a very important protective reaction of the human body. It prevents the loss of blood, while maintaining the constancy of its volume in the body.

The coagulation mechanism is triggered by a change in the physicochemical state of the blood, which is based on the fibrinogen protein dissolved in its plasma.

Fibrinogen is able to turn into insoluble fibrin, which drops in the form of thin filaments. These same threads can form a dense network with small cells, which delays the shaped elements.

And so it turns out a blood clot. Over time, the blood clot gradually compacts, tightens the edges of the wound and thereby contributes to its speedy healing.

When condensed, the clot secretes a yellowish, clear liquid called serum.

Platelets, which condense a clot, also participate in blood coagulation. This process is similar to getting cottage cheese from milk when casein (protein) coagulates and whey is also formed.

The wound in the healing process contributes to the gradual resorption and dissolution of the fibrin clot ..

Coagulability refers to rather difficult biological processes. During this action, fibrin is formed - a special protein necessary for the formation of clots.

It is because of them that the blood becomes less liquid, its consistency begins to resemble cottage cheese. The coagulation index in many respects depends on this protein.

Coagulation regulation depends on two body systems: nervous and endocrine. Due to fluidity, blood cells do not fasten together and can easily move through vessels. Several functions depend on the state of the liquid:

• trophic;
• transport;
• thermoregulatory;
• protective.

In violation of the integrity of the vascular walls, there is an urgent need for the coagulation process: without the formation of a clot in the problem area, a person can seriously suffer.

Blood retains its liquid form due to a special anticoagulant system, and hemostasis is responsible for the formation of clots.

Types of blood clots

There are 3 types of blood clots or blood clots:

1. From fibrin and platelets, a white blood clot forms, it contains a relatively small number of red blood cells. Usually appears in those places of damage to the vessel where the blood flow has a high speed (in the arteries).
2. In capillaries (very small vessels) disseminated deposits of fibrin are formed. This is the second type of blood clots.
3. And the latter are red blood clots. They appear in places of slow blood flow and with the obligatory absence of changes in the vessel wall.

Deviations from the norm and their causes

If blood coagulation occurs either too slowly or too fast, then the indicators are not within the normal range.

All these reasons can cause accelerated clot formation in lesions of the skin and blood vessels. However, often increased blood clotting is the result of a disease that only a doctor can establish by examining the symptoms and conducting laboratory tests.

A pathological deviation factor is more often diseases of a different nature.

The main causes of increased blood coagulation:

• viral infections;
• hormonal disorder;
• liver disease, spleen;
• bearing a child;
• violation of the blood system due to a sedentary lifestyle;
• heredity;
• dehydration;
• exposure to radiation therapy;
• changes in metabolic processes;
• autoimmune abnormalities.

Increased blood coagulation causes a change in the composition and density of blood plasma. This changes the content of red blood cells and platelets, which contributes to thrombosis in the vessels and heart.

Therefore, high blood density needs timely treatment ..

Diagnostics: preparation and procedure

Like any other, a blood coagulation test requires some preparation. Regardless of the purpose of the procedure, it is important to adhere to the following rules before it:

• Do not eat at least 8 hours before analysis.
• Do not drink alcohol - 24 hours.
• No smoking - 3 hours.
• For a couple of hours before analysis, exclude any physical activity and be completely at rest until blood sampling.
• The procedure is necessary only in the morning.

The process of taking blood, that is, conducting an analysis, depends on its purpose. Basically, the procedure is carried out in this way:

• The patient is pierced with skin on the “pillow” of one of the fingers with a special sharp tool (needle, scarifier). If venous blood is needed, its collection is made from the peripheral vein with a syringe.
• Then there is a blood sampling of at least 20 ml.

After the above operations, the analysis material is delivered to the laboratory within 2 hours, where the blood coagulation indicators are checked.

Norms of analysis indicators and the reasons for their deviation

The analysis process includes the determination of several factors at once. Depending on the age, pregnancy or other phenomena inherent in the human body, the norms of blood coagulation indicators may vary.

In such situations, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of each individual patient. Fortunately, there are average standards for everyone, which are presented below:

• Bleeding. No less important than laboratory indicators is an empirically determined bleeding time from the moment of puncture of the epithelium on the finger. It is considered normal to stop the blood after 2-3 minutes. If the period is increased, then such problems as vitamin C deficiency, thrombocytopenia (a reduced number of platelets), and the negative effect of medications taken by the patient are quite possible.
• Aggregation. This phenomenon characterizes the connectivity of platelets in human blood. The norm of aggregation is considered to be 0-20%. A decrease in this indicator to 0-5% is not a good sign and is manifested due to some rare diseases. An increase in the level of aggregation is not a rare phenomenon, and indicates the appearance of such ailments as: myocardial infarction, thrombosis, diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis.
• Adhesion. Adhesiveness is an indicator that determines the level of adhesion of platelets to inferior (damaged) vessel walls. The norm of this indicator is in the range of 20-50%. An increased level of adhesion is a very rare phenomenon and does not entail anything super-serious. But the decline indicates the occurrence of acute leukemia or renal failure.
• Blood coagulation outside the body. It is determined by the period of time from the beginning of blood collection from a vein or finger until the first manifestations of coagulation, but already on a glass slide or in a flask. For blood of capillary type, 3-5 minutes is considered the norm, for venous - 5-10 minutes. Taking some medications can affect the reduction of coagulation time, hemophilia, liver problems or taking an anticoagulant can increase it.
• PTI   (prothrombin index). This item is determined by calculating the relationship between coagulation time. blood plasma   in a patient and a similar indicator in a perfectly healthy person. The rate of PTI is 90-107%. The prothrombin index primarily determines the state of the human liver, since the detected particles are synthesized in this organ. An increase in IPT indicates the development of thrombosis, and also occurs with prolonged use of oral contraceptives and in the period 2-4 months before childbirth. A decrease in the index is characterized by a decrease in the blood of group K vitamins, which is inherent in diseases such as dysbiosis and enterocolitis.
• The amount of fibrinogen in the blood. Fibrinogen is a protein that is produced in the liver and, under the influence of certain factors, passes into fibrin, which is responsible for blood coagulation. The norm of the indicator is 2-4 g / l. Its definition is especially important during pre- and postoperative periods, pregnancy and the course of inflammatory processes in the human body. A decrease indicates the possible presence of liver disease ( cirrhosis ), hepatitis   and low levels of vitamin B12, less often C. Fibrinogen in the blood rises with various types of inflammation, myocardial infarction, pneumonia, as well as in the postpartum period.
• Thrombin time. A complex indicator that determines the time during which the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin occurs. The norm of thrombin time is 14-18 seconds. An increase indicates kidney problems or some defects in the immune system, a decrease indicates an excess of fibrinogen in the blood.
• Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). APTT is a complex chemical process that directly affects the rate of blood coagulation. The norm of this indicator can be considered 30-40 seconds. Its decrease indicates the development of hemophilia, an increase indicates a lack of vitamins of group K and liver problems.

Important! All indicators are mandatory for consideration, since none of them can be considered separately, because only in the aggregate do they ensure normal blood coagulation.

Treatment methods

Having passed a blood coagulation test, and finding that you have abnormalities, you must act strictly from the situation.

It is worthwhile to understand that, for example, in women, some indicators can deviate from the norm during periods of menstruation, taking hormonal drugs, pregnancy, lactation, or in men and children during periods of receiving fish oil.

Excessive dehydration of the body or inflammatory and infectious processes that occur in the human body also significantly affect the results of the analysis.

Therefore, only taking into account such factors and carefully listening to the advice of a doctor, you can understand. whether treatment measures should be taken or not.

Treatment is prescribed by a doctor, depending on the results of the analysis.

It is possible to bring blood coagulation parameters to normal by a huge number of methods, but the main ones are as follows:

• disease treatment kidney or liver
• systematic intake of deficient vitamins
• taking special medications
• lifestyle change

Important! Normalization of blood coagulability indicators is a strictly individual process, therefore it is strictly forbidden to neglect the help of a doctor in this case.

You can learn more about the blood coagulation system from the video:

In conclusion, it is worth noting that the coagulation rate is a rather blurry indicator and is determined in most cases for each patient individually.

In any case, having some idea of \u200b\u200btheir average values, you can significantly clarify the concept of a particular situation.

Have you noticed a mistake? Select it and press Ctrl + Enter to tell us.

How is treatment carried out if blood clotting is increased?

You should regularly take tests that allow you to identify the presence of thrombophilia in time. When making a diagnosis, medications are prescribed and fibrinolytic therapy is performed.

A blood test allows you to identify the cause of the disease and choose the right treatment. It is necessary to donate blood to a D-dimer, which can detect kidney damage and the amount of vitamin K.

These tests are especially important for pregnant women. In addition, it allows you to determine the condition of the heart, blood vessels.

In some cases, such information allows you to take action on time and avoid death.

There are several treatments for increased blood coagulation:

1. In classical medicine, antithrombotic therapy is performed.
2. The patient is prescribed drugs from the group of anticoagulants. These medications inhibit platelet formation   a lot.
3. A rapid endowment of the condition is achieved by taking heparin and aspirin in a small dosage.

If there is a diagnosis of atherosclerosis, then in order for the blood to coagulate more slowly, small doses of aspirin are prescribed.

In addition, today there are cardioaspirins that contain magnesium. It is very useful to regularly take them to people after 40 years.

It is especially important to monitor your condition for people who have vascular diseases ..

Inherited thrombophlebitis, including in childhood, are also treated with small doses of aspirin. In a critical situation, the introduction of anticoagulants C and S, antithrombin III, drugs that are analogues of hirudin are used.

If drug treatment fails, then an operation is performed ..

It should be recalled that taking medications to thin the blood yourself is not worth it, as this can lead to serious and even dangerous consequences.

Therapy technique for normalization

blood coagulation

Treatment depends on the nature of the course of the disease, antispasmodics, anti-inflammatory drugs are individually prescribed. In severe cases, transfusion therapy is performed, or surgery to remove blood clots.

All treatment is carried out under the supervision of a doctor with regular blood tests. Thinners can cause internal bleeding. Therefore, it is forbidden to engage in self-medication at home.

In addition to drug therapy, you must follow a special diet. Food should be balanced, give preference to fresh vegetables, fruits, eat fish, seaweed.

It is important to drink at least two liters of water per day, refuse coffee, carbonated and alcoholic drinks.

With a hereditary pathology, doctors prescribe aspirin in small doses over a long period. During the bearing of a child, aspirin is contraindicated. All medicines, the gynecologist-obstetrician ascribes individually.

Drug exposure

If the right foods and drinking regimen do not give visible results, the doctor may prescribe special medications. Anticoagulants, or drugs that increase the ability of blood to liquefy, are taken by the course, the duration of which is determined by a specialist on the basis of the collected history and laboratory tests.

It is possible to lower the density of blood with the help of plants and decoctions for a short time, and to normalize all its functions, a long administration of drugs is required.

To reduce coagulation in case of its deviation from the norm means to solve a number of problems and get rid of the risk of intoxication and the formation of blood clots.

Treatment in this case is vital. the longer the blood remains inadequately thick, the higher the risk of pathologies and even death.

It is important to remember that it is impossible to do with folk remedies alone: \u200b\u200bany health problem should be eliminated by a qualified specialist.

Treatment for increased blood coagulation requires constant monitoring of results through analysis. It is impossible for an ordinary person to independently carry out such control, so professionals should be trusted.

How is high blood coagulation treated with folk remedies

If blood coagulation is increased, then traditional medicine can be used. You need to remember that you need to take them in a strict dosage and under the supervision of a doctor.

First of all, you should reconsider your diet. It is necessary to maintain a sufficient amount of fluid in the body.

A lot of liquid is contained in cucumbers, in red grapes, so they must be present in the diet constantly. It is necessary to drink juice from red grapes, 0.5 cups per day, to brew cranberry tea.

You need to introduce products containing iodine into your diet. Especially useful are sea kale, sea fish, seafood, walnuts, almonds.

Garlic is very useful in this regard. Eat melons, grapefruits, red bell peppers and tomatoes every day.

Sepsis or blood poisoning - causes and symptoms

The ability to coagulate blood is a vital property of the body to stop bleeding with damage to blood vessels and tissues and the resorption of blood clots when they are no longer needed.

A blood coagulation test is called a coagulogram. It is done with a number of diseases, when coagulability can be impaired:

• Cardiovascular diseases,
• Varicose veins,
• Liver disease
• Diabetes,
• Autoimmune diseases
• Hemochromatosis.

A blood coagulation test is also necessary for:

• preoperative or postoperative follow-up,
• during pregnancy
• in the treatment of anticoagulants.

A general blood coagulation test consists of eight indicators that are taken into account for assessing blood coagulation:

• Coagulation time. Coagulation rate for venous blood 5-10 minutes, for capillary 2 minutes. Increase in time - coagulability is low, decrease - coagulation is accelerated.
• APTTV. Activated partial thromboplastin time is an indicator of the rate of internal coagulation activation. Normally, it is 24-35 seconds. An increase in time indicates poor coagulability, a decrease indicates hypercoagulation.
• Prothrombin time.   The time to evaluate the external coagulation pathway when platelets are activated is usually normal for 12-20 seconds. On this basis, the prothrombin index is calculated - the ratio of the prothrombin time of a healthy person to the prothrombin time of the patient, multiplied by 100. Typically, the prothrombin index is 95-105%.
• Thrombin time.   Clot formation time. This is the final stage of blood coagulation when fibrinogen has turned into fibrin in it.
• Fibrinogen. A soluble plasma protein, when damaged by specific enzymes and calcium ions, turns into an insoluble fibrin protein, which forms the basis of a blood clot. Normally, the amount of fibrinogen is 5.9-11.7 μmol / L. Its amount increases during pregnancy, various inflammations, burns, after operations, after heart attacks and strokes. It decreases with liver diseases - cirrhosis, hepatitis; with a lack of vitamins of groups B, C, with toxicosis of pregnancy, with the use of anticoagulants and anabolics.
• Plasma Recalcification Time. The time it takes to form a clot after adding calcium salts. Norm - 1-2 minutes. This time increases with a lack of coagulation factors and decreases with increased activity of the coagulation system.
• Heparin test. Currently not always used. The analysis shows how long a blood clot forms after the introduction of heparin into the blood. The norm is 7-11 minutes. Resistance to heparin decreases with liver diseases, after operations, with diseases of the cardiovascular system.
• Blood clot retraction. The rate of reduction of a blood clot in volume with the release of serum. Normally, the value is from 44 to 65%. Retraction with anemia increases. It decreases with an increase in the number of red blood cells and a decrease in the number of platelets.

When taking a blood test for coagulability, it must be borne in mind that in each laboratory, indicators may vary slightly. Blood is taken from a vein or finger on an empty stomach in the morning, a break in the meal should be at least 8 hours.