Introduction

Suppository drugs are becoming increasingly common in medical practice all over the world. This is due to their positive properties and the absence of negative effects inherent in oral and injectable drugs.

The composition of suppositories includes drugs of almost all pharmacological groups with a variety of physico-chemical properties. Most often, these are antispasmodics, cardiac glycosides, diuretics and hypnotics, antipyretics, analgesics, antibiotics, hormones, vitamins, anesthetics.

Despite the fact that suppository dosage forms such as suppositories, pessaries and rods have a different purpose and place of administration, they have a common technology and a characteristic feature: at room temperature they are solids, and when introduced into the body they turn into liquid.

Advantages of a rectal route of administration of drugs

Rectal administration of drugs, or rectally (lat.per rectum) is a method of administering drugs to the rectum with the aim of absorption by the blood vessels of the rectum and into the circulatory system. With the flow of blood, drugs are distributed throughout the organs and organ systems that they affect.

A rectally administered drug usually (depending on the drug) begins to act faster, has a higher bioavailability, a shorter peak effect and a shorter exposure than when taken orally.

Another advantage of rectal administration of drugs is that it causes much less nausea compared with the oral route of administration, and also helps prevent the loss of the drug due to vomiting.

In addition, with rectal administration of drugs, the “primary passage effect" is bypassed, which means that the medicine will reach the circulatory system with significantly less changes and in a higher concentration.

The rectum has a rich blood supply and a developed capillary network. Moreover, through the lower rectal veins, blood from the rectum enters the lower vena cava, bypassing the portal vein of the liver (v. Portae). Often, rectified drugs that are inactivated by the liver are administered rectally. Due to the practical absence of digestive enzymes in the lower part of the colon, medicinal substances are not exposed to them. However, this circumstance, as well as the limited absorption capacity of the colon mucosa, narrow the range of substances that have a resorptive effect upon rectal administration. Fats, proteins and polysaccharides introduced into the rectum themselves are not absorbed and smaller molecules do not break up, and therefore drugs of a similar structure do not have a resorptive effect upon rectal administration.

In addition, rectal administration avoids mechanical irritation with the dosage form of the gastric mucous membranes. Rectal administration can also be used in case of difficulty or inability to take orally, for example, with narrowing of the esophagus or in children. Due to the rich blood supply to the mucous membrane of the rectum, with rectal administration, medicinal substances quickly enter the systemic circulation. The absence of the process of inactivation of incoming substances in the liver ensures their high concentration, which leads to the rapid development of a therapeutic effect.

EXAMPLE. So, with the rectal administration of paracetamol, its bioavailability is higher and the maximum concentration of the drug in the blood is reached faster, and the analgesic effect lasts longer than with oral administration. Rectal administration of paracetamol leads to a longer preservation of its effect in children than oral administration. With rectal administration of morphine to animals, the pharmacokinetic parameters were comparable to those for intramuscular use of the drug.

The disadvantages of rectal administration of drugs include: inconvenience of use, individual variability of pharmacokinetic parameters (and hence therapeutic effects), the possibility of irritation of the rectal mucosa.

• 1. Rectal administration ensures the rapid entry of drugs into the systemic circulation and the development of a therapeutic effect.
• 2. With rectal administration, a large individual variability of pharmacokinetic parameters is observed.

One of the fastest ways to administer drugs is rectal. In pharmacies, there are many drugs that are designed specifically for such purposes. Medicinal suppositories or suppositories are made on the basis of oily substances, which quickly dissolve under the influence of body temperature. In the rectum, the remaining components are very well absorbed, immediately falling into the circulatory system.

Such medications work especially well for problems of the digestive system, for example, when the patient may experience vomiting and the medicine taken has not yet had time to act. Unlike the oral method of administration, suppositories provide more opportunities for use. Most often they are used to treat young children, because the baby still can not swallow a tablet on their own. In addition, suppositories will help get rid of delicate proctological problems, for example, in the treatment of hemorrhoids. Many drugs used in the treatment of the gastrointestinal tract are also available in the form of suppositories, because this reduces the load on the body and increases the effectiveness of the drugs administered.

Take part in an anonymous survey:

Have you consulted in person with a doctor about hemorrhoids?

How to enter a candle

The round shape of the suppository contributes well to easy administration, but for the most successful result, you must also take into account the basics of physiology. At the "entrance" into the rectum are anal sphincters, which are responsible for the normal process of defecation. The weakening or paralysis of these sphincters is an extremely undesirable process, but it is the natural reaction of these muscles that represents an obstacle to the normal administration of suppositories.

Algorithm of actions:

• It is advisable to use disposable latex gloves, but thorough hand washing before and after the procedure is allowed.
• It is necessary that the hands are cold enough, otherwise the candle will begin to melt long before the necessary moment.
• Long nails will need to be trimmed to avoid possible injury to the sensitive mucous membrane.
• Before the introduction of the drug, it is imperative to ease off, and also perform hygiene procedures.
• During the introduction of the suppository, it is necessary to lie on the left side and bend the knees, pressing them to the chest.
• The anus can be slightly oiled with Vaseline or soaped.
• The candle is inserted with a pointed end, without strong effort to a depth of 2 - 2.5 centimeters.
• It is necessary to relax as much as possible, if the sphincter involuntarily clenched, you can try again in a few seconds.
• After the introduction of the suppository, you need to wait a few minutes, tightly squeezing the buttocks.
• It is advisable to maintain a lying position for about 15 minutes, after which you can do the usual things.

Any suppository has a mild laxative effect, so it is often used to eliminate constipation. The course of treatment is determined individually depending on the disease and the drug used. In addition, it should be noted that such a dosage form will not always be optimal. If the patient has severe diarrhea or bleeding from the anus, the use of suppositories will only exacerbate the problem.

Important nuances of using suppositories:

• Pediatricians often prescribe candles to treat young children. It is easiest to introduce them during a baby’s sleep, when the body will not strongly resist such actions. To do this, you can slightly lubricate the area of \u200b\u200bthe anus with a baby cream, and then carefully enter the medicine.
• Mandatory candles are stored in the refrigerator. It is necessary to get them immediately before use, because they melt quite quickly.
• If defecation occurs less than 10 minutes after administration, a second candle can be used. On average, the medicinal components of the suppository dissolve and absorb in 20 to 25 minutes.
• When reducing the dosage of the drug, it is necessary to cut the candle along, and not across. This must be done very quickly and with a sharp blade so that the medicine does not crumble.

Medicinal suppositories are used in the treatment of many diseases. They are quickly and almost completely absorbed in the rectum, immediately entering the circulatory system. This is highly desirable if the patient has vomiting or difficulty swallowing hard tablets. In addition, this form of the drug does not irritate the gastric mucosa, which also represents an additional advantage for the patient. the only inconvenience is the introduction process itself. So that the candle does not slip back a couple of minutes back, and also in order to minimize possible discomfort during the introduction, it is worthwhile to study the useful tips of our article.

Doctors often prescribe candles. But only a few explain where and how they should be inserted. Therefore, having come home from the pharmacy, having read the instructions for the acquired suppositories, patients begin to figure out what it means to administer rectal suppositories.

Terms of use

It’s not difficult to figure out how to insert candles rectally. This means that they should be inserted directly into the anus. This procedure is facilitated by a special cone-shaped suppository form.

Basic rules of introduction.

1. Before introducing a candle, you should thoroughly wash your hands with soap and wipe them.
2. Before using the suppository, it should be cooled: this will prevent its melting in the hands and facilitate the administration procedure. Many drugs in this dosage form should be stored in the refrigerator.
3. The candle should be carefully removed from the package: it is disconnected into 2 parts from above.
4. The candle should be taken with your fingers: doctors for these purposes recommend the use of disposable medical gloves.
5. To facilitate insertion into the rectum, a water-soluble lubricant can be applied to the edge of the suppository. In the absence of lubrication, it is enough to moisten the anal area with cool water.
6. To enter the suppository, you should relax as much as possible. Some insert a candle in a standing position, leaning slightly forward, while others prefer to do this while lying on their side. It is necessary to spread the buttocks to the sides and insert the candle so that it goes beyond the muscular sphincter. This means that kids should be given suppositories 2-2.5 cm, and adults - to a depth of 5 cm.
7. Having figured out how to put candles, having completed the specified procedure, you should squeeze the buttocks for a few seconds. Try not to move for a couple of minutes.

After completing all the steps, wash your hands, discard the packaging from the suppository and gloves, if you used them. Now you know how to properly insert healing candles.

Features

Some patients, having looked at the annotation for the medication, begin to become interested and ask about rectally - this is how. Ideally, when prescribing funds for such an introduction, the doctor should explain how they should be used.

Any rectal suppository is inserted into the anus, in other words, in the ass. They should be administered after defecation, otherwise they may leave with feces, not having time to dissolve.

They should be set at such a time that remains free for at least 20-30 minutes. This period should just lie. After all, some of them start to spontaneously leak when walking. Some advise using even disposable pads to avoid possible troubles.

For effective treatment of hemorrhoids, our readers advise. This natural remedy that quickly eliminates pain and itching helps to heal anal fissures and hemorrhoids. The composition of the drug includes only natural ingredients with maximum efficiency. The tool has no contraindications, the effectiveness and safety of the drug has been proven by clinical studies at the Research Institute of Proctology.

With the introduction, you should try to relax as much as possible. If this does not succeed, then it will not work to put a candle on normally. She can only damage the internal mucous membrane. Is it painful to insert candles? If everything is done correctly, then the procedure is absolutely painless, only slight discomfort is possible. But with tension of the anus and damage to the mucous membrane, painful sensations can not be avoided.

If the dosage in one candle is too large, then you can divide it into 2 parts. The incision is made along the suppository with a sharp blade. To put a half, you should be guided by the above rules.

How much does a suppository dissolve in the rectum? The duration will depend on the components that make up the composition. The average duration is about 15-60 minutes. This is the time required for the dissolution and absorption of the active components in the intestinal wall.

Please note that candles should be inserted deeply. Otherwise, the anal sphincter will try to push out the foreign body. If the first time does not come out to place it correctly, then it may begin to melt. In this case, entering it will not work. Therefore, it is better to understand the method of application in advance and immediately try to introduce it to the desired depth.

Important Nuances

Adults can insert candles themselves. The main thing is to choose the most comfortable pose and relax. With children, the situation is worse. Often the process of introducing candles becomes a real problem. It is difficult for them to explain why to use drugs in this form.

Where do children need rectal suppositories? Nothing changes for babies, just as adults need to enter them into the rectum. To facilitate the process, it is advisable to lubricate the area of \u200b\u200bthe anus with cream before applying the candle.

Children are difficult to put in the correct position, the most suitable for the introduction of candles. Parents should think in advance what measures they will have to take to minimize the pain that will arise due to tension. If the child is spinning, then introducing a suppository will be extremely difficult.

Often after getting into the ampoule of the rectum, urge to defecate appears. Adults are advised to lie down and restrain at this time: you should understand that this is a reaction to sphincter irritation. For active active ingredients to be absorbed, time must pass.

It is more difficult for children to explain how and why they should restrain themselves. It is advisable for them to put candles after a bowel movement. This means that you should wait until the child goes to the toilet, empty the rectum. If you follow all the rules, then the urge will be tolerant. You can try to distract an older child.

To enter the rectal suppository correctly, remember the algorithm of actions.
Most rectal suppositories are stored in the refrigerator - not only because they can melt at room temperature, but also because the active ingredient in them requires such storage. The first thing is important for us - in order for the candle to be conveniently inserted, it should be cool (so it melts more slowly).
  Take a comfortable body position - standing, leaning a little, or lying on your side.
  Open the packaging from a separate candle.
  If possible, cool your hands (hold on to something cold - otherwise the candle will melt in your hands).
  Quickly, again, so that it would not melt: in one hand we take the candle, with the other hand we push the buttocks, we enter so that the candle is behind the sphincters, in the ampoule of the rectum.

  With the introduction of a candle, the anus should be in a relaxed state. In no case do not force the candle to move forward - this can lead to local damage to the mucosa.
  For ease of introducing a candle, its end can be greased with baby cream, petroleum jelly or vegetable oil.

After the introduction of the suppository, it is advisable to lie down for at least half an hour and refrain from defecating. From rectal suppositories, such a desire arises often - do not give in, otherwise the substance will not have time to absorb.

The easiest way to put rectal suppositories at night, after stool and hygiene measures - during sleep, the medicine is fully absorbed.

After the time has passed for the suction of the candle and you got up - leakage is possible. Do not worry, this is not a candle that has not been absorbed - just the base remains, in which the active substance was dissolved. As auxiliary substances that form the basis of candles add substances such as liquid paraffin, soft white paraffin, paraffin oil, fat and much more. They, at body temperature, become liquid, may not be completely absorbed in the rectum and cause subsequent leakage. Discomfort can be reduced by using disposable pads.

Content

The pharmaceutical industry produces a huge number of different drugs, involving different routes of entry of active substances into the body. So, some drugs are available in the form of suppositories specifically to be administered through the anus in order to absorb the latter with the blood vessels of the rectum, therefore, people who have not previously used such drugs often have the delicate question of how to insert candles rectally. Check out the simple guidelines for this procedure.

What are candles

Suppositories belong to the group of drugs intended for administration through the anus. Candles have a solid base, which facilitates their passage into the rectum. Almost all rectal drugs currently manufactured resemble a “torpedo” or “bullet” with a rounded end in shape. Some of them have a universal pharmacological effect on the body, therefore, they are prescribed for the treatment and prevention of a variety of diseases. Compared to conventional medicines, suppositories have several advantages:

• performance;
• the absence of negative effects on the liver, gastrointestinal tract;
• prolonged effect.

How to use rectal suppositories

Inserting suppositories is quite simple. Adhering to certain rules set forth in the instructions for the drug, you can safely do all the necessary manipulations. The procedure is completely painless and can be used without restrictions on small children. Rectal drugs are a good substitute for medicines in tablet dosage form.

Before using suppositories, it is recommended to empty the intestines: most of the drugs have a laxative effect and there is no point in introducing a “torpedo” without preliminary bowel movement. Rectal administration of medications is also warranted for constipation in adults and children. In addition, suppositories have an immunomodulating, anti-fermentation effect on the digestive tract. Using an agent with anti-inflammatory effect, you can eliminate bleeding injuries of the rectal mucosa, and get rid of pain in this area.

How to prepare

Before directly introducing a candle, wash your hands thoroughly in cold water. Such a recommendation is dictated by the fact that during the procedure the fingers holding the “torpedo” do not become warm and do not contribute to its softening. In addition, candles should also be stored in the refrigerator. In case you have long nails, then they will need to be cut. For convenience, some doctors advise inserting a torpedo by wearing disposable latex gloves.

How to insert candles rectally

It is better to administer the medicine in a position convenient for these purposes. Answering how to insert candles rectally, doctors recommend inserting them lying on the left side with the right leg pulled to the chest or pressed to the stomach. Regardless of the position you choose, remember that during the procedure, the anus should be relaxed. You should not actively act if you feel even slight discomfort. In such a situation, it is better to pull out the “torpedo” and try to slowly introduce it again.

If you do not follow this rule, you risk damaging the mucous membrane of the rectum. To avoid such moments, it is recommended to lubricate the anus with petroleum jelly or soap before using the drug. Rectal suppositories should be inserted only with a sharp end. After the end of the procedure, the buttocks should be kept mixed for several minutes.

What does rectal mean

In most cases, this kind of question does not arise in patients who are constantly using suppositories. Meanwhile, for those who are first faced with the use of such a dosage form, it is useful to know what rectal administration of suppositories is. This method of delivering a drug to the body involves entering it through the anus.

How to put candles rectally

Self-administration of suppositories does not require any special skills and can be carried out by the patient personally. Moreover, if you use “torpedoes” as an additional means of treating constipation and other negative conditions, you should first consult with a specialist about the validity and acceptability of using this dosage form. Meanwhile, the answer to the question of how to insert candles into the rectum is a simple algorithm consisting of several actions:

1. it is necessary to lie on your side and press one leg to your stomach;
2. lift the upper buttock and insert the candle lengthwise;
3. push the “torpedo” inward 2 cm;
4. squeeze the buttocks for a few seconds;
5. to wash hands.

To another person

In this case, doctors recommend that the patient sit on a bed or any other horizontal surface. During the direct introduction of the “torpedo” to another person, the same procedure as for the independent execution of the action procedure described above is performed. It is extremely important to try to push the suppository through the sphincter to a depth of 2-2.5 cm, which can be done with the index finger.

Failure to do so threatens that the “torpedo” may slip out. After the end of the manipulation, you need to wait until the medicine dissolves in the rectum and begins to act. It is important to inform the patient that for some time you need to lie down, otherwise the product may not be absorbed properly. In case the dissolved drug leaks from the rectum, you need to prepare a wet towel and a clean change of linen in advance.

To kid

Suppositories are widely used in pediatric practice as a means of lowering the temperature. The dose and frequency of administration is determined, as a rule, by the doctor, depending on the condition of the child. It is easiest for a baby to insert a “torpedo” when he is sleeping. So you can carry out all the necessary actions without resistance from the small patient. It is important that the manipulation is carried out on an empty bowel. In the opposite case, the medicine can provoke a child's urge to defecate.