Supernova explosion. If a supernova explodes only ten light years from Earth, then the cosmic ray flux will increase hundreds of times. The entire ozone shield will simply be swept away. If a supernova explodes just ten light years from Earth, then the cosmic ray flux will increase hundreds of times. The entire ozone shield will simply sweep away
Supernova Karina As shown by the pictures taken by the space telescope. Hubble, this huge core is still seething. This will be followed by another explosion. No more than ten thousand years left to wait. That's when this Karina will finally die, but her decline, perhaps, will turn into severe trials for us. After all, only some 7500 light years separate us from it. As shown by pictures taken by the Space Telescope. Hubble, this huge core is still seething. This will be followed by another explosion. No more than ten thousand years left to wait. That's when this Karina will finally die, but her decline, perhaps, will turn into severe trials for us. After all, only some 7500 light years separate us from it.
Influence of the Sun. The sun significantly affects not only biological, but also social processes on Earth. Social conflicts (wars, riots, revolutions), according to A.L. Chizhevsky, are largely determined by the behavior and activity of our luminary.
Earth and space The presence of multilateral cosmic terrestrial connections has been widely confirmed in works on the influence of the geomagnetic field and solar activity on blood pressure biorhythms, the frequency of cardiovascular diseases, the behavior of erythrocytes, blood coagulation, hemoglobin content, homeostasis of living organisms, soil formation, baric pressure and atmospheric circulation, precipitation, the genesis of the Earth's relief, according to the forecast of unfavorable periods in the geo- and biosphere, weather, epidemics, etc. The presence of multilateral cosmic terrestrial connections has been widely confirmed in works on the influence of the geomagnetic field and solar activity on blood pressure biorhythms, the frequency of cardiovascular diseases, the behavior of erythrocytes, blood coagulation, hemoglobin content, homeostasis of living organisms, soil formation, baric pressure and atmospheric circulation, precipitation, the genesis of the Earth's relief, according to the forecast of unfavorable periods in the geo- and biosphere, weather, epidemics, etc.
AsteroidAsteroid - relatively
a little heavenly
body of the solar system
orbiting around
Sun. asteroids significantly
inferior in weight and
the size of the planets, have
irregular shape, and
have atmospheres, although
this and they can
be companions.
For almost 3/4 centuries, people did not suspect that not all asteroids
move between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. But early
on the morning of June 14, 1873 James Watson at Ann Observatory
Arbor (USA) discovered the asteroid "Aerta". Behind this object
managed to follow only three weeks, and then lost it.
However, the results of determining the orbit, although inaccurate,
convincingly testified that Aerta was moving inside
the orbits of Mars. The first asteroid near Earth was
opened only on August 13, 1898. This
Day Gustav Witt at the Urania Observatory
found a weak object in Berlin,
moving fast among the stars.
The high speed testified to his
extraordinary proximity to the Earth, and a weak
shine of a close object - about
exceptionally small sizes. It was
Eros, the first tiny asteroid
less than 25 km across. In his year
He passed the discovery at a distance of 22 million km.
km from the earth. Its orbit turned out to be
similar to none known so far.
Gustav Witt 1866 - 1946 Further, the asteroids Albert, Alinda, Ganymede, Ivar, Amur,
which passed by astronomical standards very close to the Earth.
The orbit of the asteroid Albert and its position in
solar system
The orbit of the asteroid Alinda and its position in
solar system Asteriod Ganymede
Asteroid Amur asteroid hazard
Asteroids represent a serious
danger to the Earth and its inhabitants.
At present, according to
Institute of Astronomy RAS, to our
the planet is approaching almost 7000
various space objects:
- 84 comets,
- 806 km asteroids.
However, none of these comets
is potentially hazardous, and
kilometer asteroids can be
146 objects are dangerous for the planet.
The greatest danger to the Earth in
currently represents
asteroid Apophis with a diameter of 350
meters. In 2029, it will pass from
our planet is about 30,000
kilometers (this is closer than the orbit
geostationary satellites). At
this, Apophis can change his
orbit so that at the next
approach to the Earth, in 2036,
collide with her. This will lead to
desertification of the territory
roughly equal to France. Asteroid Apophis Collision of an asteroid with the Earth: consequences
medium sized asteroid
will destroy the state
Consequences of an asteroid collision
with the Earth, with dimensions of about one
kilometers, will be terrible, probably
it will end with the destruction of the average
states. Notable explosion event
Tunguska meteorite in 1908,
knocked down the taiga forest on the area of 2000
square kilometers. Estimated
specialists, such destruction
caused by an asteroid that had
dimensions only 60-80 meters in
diameter. Currently in the US
observations are made to
detection of dangerous asteroids,
the size of which exceeds 140 meters. Local consequences of a collision with an asteroid
Local destruction from asteroid collisions with the Earth occurs every
several hundred years, and this is equivalent to the explosion of a hydrogen bomb. Data
suggest that smaller near-Earth asteroids are more
more numerous than previously thought. Such asteroids are harder to detect.
But the number of victims from a possible collision of an asteroid with the Earth depends not only on
size, but also depends on the impact site (objects of this size usually explode in
air before reaching the ground, just like an atomic bomb). If an asteroid 60-80
meter-sized struck the city, the number of victims could be about a million.
The fall of an asteroid into the ocean will create a tsunami and will certainly produce significant
destruction on the nearby coast. Such asteroid impacts are usually not
leave a crater and are usually associated with asteroids or comets measuring
up to 100 meters. Regional consequences of an asteroid impact
Regional destruction occurs with an interval of about 100
thousand years, and devastate an area the size of an average
countries. One of these events occurred 700 thousand years ago in
South-East Asia. Then, when an asteroid collided with the Earth
with a diameter of 1 km, there was a crater exceeding ten kilometers
across.
Global catastrophes when falling
large asteroid
Global destruction occurs no more often than
every 10 million years and includes
asteroid impact with the Earth, 10 km in size
with the formation of a crater about 100 kilometers in
across. The event that caused
extinction of dinosaurs and other modern
creatures fall into this category. Cases of a real threat of a collision with an asteroid
Recent years have been marked by the appearance of large celestial bodies,
that caused public concern:
1. An asteroid with a diameter of 800 m crossed the Earth's orbit on March 23, 1989
year at a distance of about 400 thousand kilometers from the Earth. Our
the planet was at this location six hours earlier.
2. An asteroid with a diameter of about 10 meters, really representing
danger, passed at a distance of 150 thousand kilometers from the Earth 17
January 1991.
3. In November 2011, asteroid 2005 YU55 flew past
326,000 km from Earth. Asteroid 2005 YU55
Possible consequences of the fall of the asteroid Ways to protect the Earth from falling asteroids,
comets, meteorites
What to do if astronomers have discovered a large object
six months before its likely impact on Earth? According to American
specialists, with a sufficiently early detection of a threat, military
planners could:
1. With the help of lasers installed on the Moon or Earth, induce heating
and, accordingly, the evaporation of gases, steam in the form of a jet,
able to change the course of the comet.
2. Try to crush the object with an explosion and change its course.
3. Explode a nuclear charge near an asteroid to change its trajectory
movement. Changing the trajectory of an asteroid
by directed explosion
Solar sail capable
change the trajectory of the asteroid
slide 3
Space debris refers to all artificial objects and their fragments in space that are already out of order, do not function, and can never again serve any useful purpose.
slide 4
The problem of "space debris" arose immediately after the launch of the first artificial Earth satellites. It received official status at the international level on December 10, 1993, after the report of the UN Secretary General entitled "The impact of space activities on the environment."
slide 5
Contribution to the creation of space debris by country: China - 40%; USA - 27.5%; Russia - 25.5%; other countries - 7%.
slide 6
55% debris - waste, technological elements associated with launches, and fragments of explosions and fragmentation
Slide 7
Slide 8
Slide 9
In 1983, a small grain of sand (less than 1 mm in diameter) left a severe crack in the Space Shuttle's window.
slide 10
In July 1996, at an altitude of about 660 km, a French satellite collided with a fragment of the third stage of the French Arian rocket.
slide 11
2001 The ISS almost collided with a device (7 kg) lost by American astronauts.
slide 12
On March 29, 2006, the Express-AM11 satellite crashed: as a result of external influence of space debris, the spacecraft began an uncontrolled rotation.
slide 13
The largest disaster caused by debris in orbit was the collision of the Iridium 33 communications satellite and the idle Russian Kosmos-2251. When a satellite collides with debris, new debris is often formed, which in the future can lead to an uncontrolled increase in space debris.
slide 14
At present, only two countries - Russia and the United States have the ability to monitor the entire near-Earth space in terms of man-made contamination based on their national space control systems.
slide 15
The amount of debris in space is growing rapidly. If in the 80s of the twentieth century it was about five thousand objects, now their number has already increased to about 13 thousand. Moreover, only fragments larger than 10 centimeters are taken into account. Taking into account smaller debris, this figure could rise to several tens of millions, Japanese experts believe.
slide 16
Currently, up to 600 thousand objects with a diameter of one centimeter are in Earth's orbit. Despite their miniature size, due to their high speed, such objects pose a serious danger to satellites and manned expeditions. How to "clean up" space debris?
slide 17
Japanese designers have developed a technology for the disposal of large space debris. It is based on the use of a cleaning robot, which grabs an old satellite or a fragment of a rocket with a manipulator arm and falls down, burning up with it in the atmosphere.
slide 18
"Fishing" in space (Japan) It is planned that a network with linear dimensions of about several kilometers will be launched into orbit using a special satellite. There it will turn around with the help of a manipulator and "fish" space debris. After the network picks up enough debris, it will be disconnected, and then, along with space debris, will burn up in the Earth's atmosphere. 1. Space debris is waste, technological elements associated with launches, and fragments of explosions, fragments of satellites, rockets, stations, etc. 2. Space debris is dangerous for objects flying in space in a collision, and for the inhabitants of the earth when they fall under the influence of gravity. Conclusion: slide 21
Information sources: http://www.tramvision.ru/imho/images/2009/1102.jpg http://img.beta.rian.ru/images/10537/66/105376679.jpg http://gem.at .ua/news/2011-03-15 http://www.elite-games.ru/images/x3/fab/advanced_satellite_factory.jpg http://img.beta.rian.ru/images/16185/66/161856655 .jpg http://photobucket.com/albums/n183/magic_man_5050/SpaceStationsts105-707-019_mc.jpg http://www.compulenta.ru/upload/iblock/56e/RR003612.png http://gem.at. ua/news/okolozemnoe_prostranstvo_predlozhili_chistit_lazerom/2011-03-15-54 leonovanton 7b rubbish. Presentation. Space is in danger.
Space is one of the elements that influence earthly life. Consider some of the dangers that threaten man from outer space.
Asteroids. These are small planets, the diameter of which ranges from 1 to 1000 km. Currently, about 300 space bodies are known that can cross the Earth's orbit. The meeting of our planet with such celestial bodies poses a serious threat to the entire biosphere. According to scientists, an asteroid with a diameter of 5-10 km can burn out the entire planet in a few hours and destroy humanity.
The probability of asteroids colliding with the Earth is approximately 10 -8 - 10 -5 . Therefore, in many countries, work is underway on the problems of asteroid hazard and technogenic space debris. To date, the main means of combating asteroids and comets approaching the Earth is nuclear rocket technology. Taking into account the refinement of the trajectory and characteristics of dangerous space objects (DSO), as well as the launch and flight time of interception means, the required detection range of DSO should be 150 million km from the Earth.
The developed system of planetary defense against asteroids and comets is based on two principles: 1) changing the trajectory of the OKO; 2) breaking it into several parts. At the first stage of development, it is supposed to create an observation service for the NEO in such a way as to detect an object about 1 km in size 1–2 years before its approach to the Earth. At the second stage, it is necessary to calculate its trajectory and analyze the possibility of a collision with the Earth. With a high probability of such an event, a decision must be made to destroy or change the trajectory of this celestial body. For this purpose, it is planned to use intercontinental ballistic missiles with a nuclear warhead. The current level of space technology makes it possible to create such interception systems.
An attempt to simulate a possible situation was made on July 4, 2005. Comet Tempele, 6 km in diameter, which was at that moment at a distance of 130 million km from the Earth, was hit by a projectile weighing 372 kg, fired from the American Deep Impact-1 spacecraft. There was an explosion equivalent to 4.5 tons of explosives. A crater was formed the size of a football field and the depth of a multi-storey building, while the comet's trajectory remained almost unchanged. (Rossiyskaya Gazeta, 07/05/2005).
Bodies less than 100 m in size can appear quite suddenly in the immediate vicinity of the Earth. In this case, avoiding a collision by changing the trajectory is almost impossible. The only way to prevent a catastrophe is to destroy the bodies into several small fragments.
Solar radiation. It has a huge impact on earthly life solar radiation.
Sun- the central body of the solar system, a hot plasma ball. The source of solar energy is the nuclear conversion of hydrogen into helium. In the central region of the Sun, the temperature exceeds 10 million degrees Kelvin (conversion to degrees Celsius: ° С = K−273.15), the distance to the Earth is 149.6 million km.
The intensity of solar activity is characterized by Wolf numbers(the relative number of sunspots), which change with a frequency of 11 years. A correlation has been established between the 11-year cycle of solar activity and earthquakes, fluctuations in the level of fresh water bodies, crop yields, reproduction and migration of insects, epidemics of influenza, typhoid, cholera, and the number of cardiovascular diseases.
sunny wind this is a stream of ionized particles (mainly helium-hydrogen plasma) flowing from the solar corona at a speed of 300-1200 km/s into the surrounding space. Reaching the Earth, the solar wind streams cause magnetic storms.
The radiation of the Sun, which has an electromagnetic and corpuscular nature, is called solar radiation. The electromagnetic radiation of the Sun ranges from the hardest gamma radiation, X-rays and ultraviolet to meter radio waves, but most of it lies in the visible part of the spectrum. Corpuscular solar radiation consists mainly of protons. The most biologically active is the ultraviolet (UV) part of the solar spectrum. Shorter waves dangerous to humans are absorbed by ozone and oxygen.
Recently, the issue of an increased incidence of skin cancer in individuals exposed to excessive solar radiation has been highlighted. This is what scientists explain the higher incidence of skin cancer in the southern regions compared to the northern ones.
Terrestrial magnetism (geomagnetism). The Earth's magnetic field is of exceptional importance for terrestrial processes: it regulates solar-terrestrial interactions, protects the Earth's surface from high-energy particles flying from space, and influences animate and inanimate nature. The magnetic field is used for orientation in navigation, in the exploration of minerals.
The Earth's magnetosphere is a region of near-Earth space, the physical properties of which are determined by the Earth's magnetic field and its interaction with particles of cosmic origin.
Magnetic storm- disturbance of the magnetosphere, which is accompanied by auroras, ionospheric disturbances, X-ray and low-frequency radiation.
During periods of magnetic storms, the number of heart attacks increases, the condition of patients with hypertension worsens, headaches, insomnia, and poor health occur. According to experts, this is due to the formation of aggregates of blood cells (to a lesser extent in healthy people), slowing down of capillary blood flow and the onset of oxygen starvation of tissues. Magnetic storms also cause disruption of communications, spacecraft navigation systems, eddy currents in transformers and pipelines, and even destruction of power systems.
In SanPiN 2.2.4.1191-03 "Electromagnetic fields in industrial conditions", for the first time, temporary permissible levels of weakening of the geomagnetic field were established.
Radiation belts of the earth. The inner regions of the earth's magnetosphere, in which the earth's magnetic field holds charged particles (protons, electrons, alpha particles), is called the earth's radiation belt. The release of charged particles from the Earth's radiation field is hindered by a special configuration of geomagnetic field lines, which creates a magnetic trap for charged particles. The particles captured in the Earth's magnetic trap oscillate in a plane perpendicular to the lines of force.
The radiation belts of the Earth are a serious danger during long-term flights in near-Earth space. Prolonged stay in the inner belt can lead to radiation damage to living organisms inside the spacecraft.
