What tests need to be taken before dental implantation. What tests need to be taken before dental implantation

The perfect smile is everyone's dream. Dental clinics offer a wide range of medical services. Today, a lost tooth cannot ruin your smile. Dental implants are a fairly common procedure. The essence of the procedure is to implant a dental post into the gum. Its main role is to replace the tooth root. A crown or tooth structure is placed on the post.

Modern materials used in this procedure are available in many clinics. And the service itself is provided in every private or public clinic. Implantation is one of the most popular dental procedures. You can get a Hollywood smile with it.

What tests need to be passed

All further actions of the patient begin with an initial examination by an experienced doctor. The dental surgeon assesses the condition of the oral cavity, visually examines the condition of the gums, and directs them for tests. Tooth implantation is a surgical procedure. Like any operation, it requires careful preparation of the body. The dentist prescribes a number of activities.

Using a special procedure orthopantomogram (panoramic image of the upper and lower jaws), the specialist determines the condition of the bone tissue. In parallel, he assigns to pass the necessary number of mandatory tests. The list of tests depends on the age and gender of the person, the presence of bad habits and chronic diseases, the state of the oral cavity.

Each patient should be treated individually. In some cases, they may be sent for a cardiogram of the heart, and female representatives may be prescribed a blood test for hormones. Your doctor may advise you to take an allergy test to rule out an allergic reaction during implantation.

It is advisable to take tests in the morning on an empty stomach. Only in the morning can you get reliable test results, because the body rested during the night during sleep. Smokers should refrain from the bad habit 2 hours before donating blood. Eliminate alcohol consumption and excessive physical activity on the body 24 hours before the procedure. Do not take any medication the night before, with the exception of life support drugs.

Tea, coffee, juices, soda should be excluded 12 hours before the test. But ordinary water can be drunk, it does not affect the performance.

Before taking tests, it is important to give up alcohol and cigarettes

Preparation for dental implantation

In no case should any vaccinations be given for 10 days, creating an unnecessary burden on the immune system. It is necessary to reduce physical activity and temporarily shorten the duration of cardio training. Include as many vitamins as possible in the diet and increase the amount of protein. It is advisable not to drink blood thinning medications.

The analyzes are considered valid for 1-2 weeks, if during this time the state of health has changed for the worse, then they will need to be retaken. Not everyone is prescribed an anti-inflammatory procedure. To prepare, you should brush your teeth after each meal and rinse your mouth with chlorhexidine one day before surgery. On the day of implantation, it is better to give up a hearty breakfast and not smoke.

Additional examination

What else do you need to be tested and examined? In the presence of chronic diseases, an allergic reaction, the leading dentist-surgeon can refer you to a specialist for consultation. With a high blood sugar level, an endocrinologist's opinion is required. In the presence of allergies, supervision by an allergist and his conclusion may be required. An ECG and consultation with a cardiologist are necessary if you have heart problems.

An orthodontist is a specialist who examines the condition of the gums and occlusion in the absence of teeth for a long time, the condition or changes in the roots. The procedure is called an orthopantomogram. It is possible that oral hygiene will be required.

In some cases, an examination using computed tomography may be prescribed to determine the presence or absence of jaw deformity, bone thickness. In order to correctly select and then implant the implant.

However, according to the results of analyzes and emerging force majeure circumstances, the operation may be postponed. For example, if blood sugar is elevated or chronic diseases, poor blood clotting have worsened, the oral cavity has not been sanitized in time, diseases of viral or bacterial origin. The period of pregnancy and lactation is also a reason to postpone the operation, since the additional load on the immune system is undesirable and the healing process may be delayed.

Orthopantomogram is a mandatory procedure in preparation for dental implantation

In addition, many medications are contraindicated in women in excellent position. To exclude all of the above nuances, it is better to collect a complete history at the initial (preparatory) stage. In some dental offices, the procedure is carried out without tests and examination. This method is not recommended. The listed activities are aimed at minimizing risks.

The state of health of the body and the oral cavity will determine how the implant takes root, the duration of healing after the operation.

Taking tests and collecting anamnesis for dental implantation will not take much time. It is important to follow all the doctor's recommendations, and then the tooth will last a long time. Implantation is a full-fledged surgical intervention, and it is worth treating it responsibly. The high quality of materials contributes to the fact that implants almost always take root, it all depends on the individual characteristics of the organism. The success of dental implantation depends on the professional approach of the doctor, qualifications and experience, as well as on the level of patient responsibility.

Dentists have different opinions about which tests for dental implantation are necessary and which are optional. Some believe that only dental and orthodontic examinations are needed, others are sure that the list should be more extensive.

The essence of implantation in dentistry

Implantation is an operation to insert artificial implants into the jaw bone tissue - structures designed to replace roots. One of their main features is the ability for osseointegration, that is, for fusion with tissue. In addition to the actual implants, the design includes:

Implants can be collapsible or monolithic. The classical technique involves a two-stage installation, but today it is increasingly used. Be that as it may, implantation is a surgical operation accompanied by a gum incision and, in some cases, bone grafting, therefore, tests before dental implantation are required.

Read also:

What tests should the patient take before surgery?

Analyzes and examinations, which are usually included in the preparation for dental implantation, can be grouped into several groups:

1. Blood tests... Implantation is a surgical procedure. Even if it is not as difficult as cavity, but the requirements for its implementation are the same. The main laboratory tests are general, biochemical and HIV blood tests, but some clinics prescribe additional:

• hormonal blood tests;
• determination of sugar level;
• hemostasiogram;
• determination of the immune status.

• , one of the main studies that is carried out before surgery. It helps to understand the structural features and thickness of the bone and choose the size of the implants, as well as find out if there are changes in the jaw system. In this case, the images are taken on dental tomographs and processed by special programs with high resolution.
• An orthopanthogram is one of the types of X-ray that allows you to take a picture of the dentition. With the help of images, the doctor assesses the position of the teeth, the presence of pathological changes in the roots. This is the primary general examination, which is not replaced by CT, but supplemented by it.

1. Additional analyzes and studies that can be prescribed in the presence of concomitant diseases that can affect the tactics of the doctor during the operation. These include, for example:

• consultation of an endocrinologist and possible examinations in the presence of diabetes mellitus;
• consultation with a cardiologist in the presence of cardiovascular diseases;
• allergic tests in the presence of appropriate reactions and consultation with an allergist.

If the listed pathologies are present, the implantologist refers the patient to related specialists, and they already decide whether implantation is indicated. Therefore, it is important not to hide the presence of chronic diseases from the implantologist, so that during the operation or after it does not occur

What tests are taken before dental implantation? Let's talk in more detail about the features of preparation for this procedure. And although such restoration of the dentition is considered very popular and reliable, nevertheless, one should not ignore all the danger and complexity of the method.

Each patient will be prescribed certain tests, doctors' consultations and additional diagnostic measures in order to exclude possible side effects, allergic reactions, risks of rejection of artificial material, as well as to determine the necessary shapes and sizes of implants and prostheses to be installed.

Preliminary inspection

Long before embarking on implantation, it is necessary for each of the parties to thoroughly prepare. So, it is important for the patient to bring his health into a proper state in order to easily undergo the intervention and ensure the rapid healing of tissues. You also need to psychologically tune in to a complex, lengthy, and sometimes painful process.

But the doctor needs to collect all the medical indicators about the patient in order to make the right choice and carry out the procedure as efficiently as possible.

Preparation for dental implantation begins with the first examination and preliminary appointments. At this time, the doctor collects anamnesis, that is, the patient's medical history, examines the oral cavity and explains the entire procedure plan and possible difficulties.

The following procedure usually occurs:

1. With the help of the therapist, the dentist collects general information about the past diseases, the patient's genetic predispositions, allergic reactions, etc. In this case, the therapist gives his opinion on the possibility of implantation and recommendations regarding additional diagnostic procedures.
2. A full-fledged examination of the body is assumed, in which the patient takes tests according to the agreed list. If any deviations in the work of internal systems are found that can become a contraindication to implantation, they try to eliminate them by taking the necessary therapeutic measures. The restoration of the dentition is started only after complete normalization of health.
3. The next stage is preparation before the operation of the oral cavity itself. In addition to external examination, X-rays and computed tomography are performed, with the help of which the condition of the bone tissue, the location of the nerve canals, maxillary sinuses, etc. are assessed. These parameters greatly affect the possibility of implantation in general, as well as the specific choice of the method of operation and the model of the structures used. In some cases, you have to stop at other methods of prosthetics or resort to.
4. In case of detection of carious cavities and other problems with teeth, the dentist is obliged to carry out a full treatment, and in some cases, the removal of pathological roots. The state of the mucous membrane is also restored.
5. To ensure the safety and sterility of the procedure, the oral cavity is an important point before implantation. At the same time, the doctor advises the patient on further hygiene measures, so that, with the help of correct daily actions, he increases the chances of better tissue healing and long-term use of the installed structures.
6. In some special cases, you may need some other diagnostic measures that are already assigned individually.
7. In the absence of contraindications and the elimination of all troubles, you can start modeling and predicting the future artificial tooth, select suitable implants and other elements.
8. At the last stage of preparation, it is important to pay attention to the psychological aspect - the patient's mood for the operation and awareness of the importance of the recovery period. With competent counseling and relaxation training, the doctor can be confident that the patient will adhere to the chosen plan and not interrupt the treatment process.

During the examination of the oral cavity and elimination of the identified problems, it is very important to pay special attention to the following nuances:

What do we do 10 days before the procedure?

To begin to prepare for implantation should be another ten days before the appointed time. In this case, it is advisable for the patient to adhere to the following recommendations:

• give up bad habits, especially smoking and drinking alcohol;
• add more food that contains calcium and various vitamins to the diet;
• it is advisable to eat a lot of dairy products, vegetables, fruits, eggs, meat and hard cheese;
• avoid physical overwork;
• if possible, stop taking blood thinners.

The last day before surgery

In the remaining 24 hours before the appointed date, it is mandatory:

• qualitatively, mucous membrane and tongue from any deposits and plaque;
• do not drink anything alcohol;
• not engage in physical activity, sports or hard work;
• do not experiment with food;
• completely exclude or limit the intake of medications as much as possible;
• rinse your mouth with an antiseptic three times a day.

If you moved from another climatic zone before implantation, then you should definitely give the body 1-2 days to adapt. Perhaps the doctor will prescribe antibacterial drugs that you need to start using before the operation.

On the day of the procedure, refrain from eating, just drinking tea is enough. But if the implantation is carried out in the afternoon, then a light breakfast is allowed.

Contraindications to the procedure

Even at the stage of examination, the possibility of such an operation is established. To do this, tests must be done before implantation in order to establish if there are any serious contraindications. Otherwise, this procedure threatens with unpleasant consequences, risks of infection, implant rejection, allergies, or serious health conditions.

Implantation can be refused in such cases:

• autoimmune disorders such as lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, etc .;
• diseases that interfere with normal tissue regeneration - hormonal pathologies, AIDS, low immunity;
• problems in the work of the circulatory or endocrine system;
• some psychological disorders, as well as drug addiction and alcoholism;
• pathology of the structure of the bone, especially the jaw;
• oncology;
• kidney or liver disease;
• allergy to the implant material used or to pain medications.

Some of these problems can be eliminated and then the restoration of the dentition can be started. If this is not available, then you will have to look for another method of prosthetics. There are some more questions when some specialists refuse to carry out the implantation procedure:

List of required and additional analyzes

Doctors do not always adhere to the fully recommended list of diagnostic procedures, considering that fewer of them can be done. Still, there is a mandatory list of tests before dental implantation, which is highly undesirable to ignore:

• general blood analysis;
• alanine aminotransferase, abbreviated as ALT;
• aspartate aminotransferase (or AST);
• bilirubin (direct and total);
• protein level;
• for hepatitis B and C;
• HIV infections and syphilis-RPR;
• albumen;
• glucose;
• amylase;
• alkaline phosphatase;
• the level of trace elements - sodium, potassium, calcium and chlorine;
• creatinine;
• prothrombin;
• cholesterol;
• fibrinogen.

If the implantation should be carried out by a woman, then more tests are added for:

• free T3 and T4;
• estradiol;
• parathyroid hormone.

Not always, but if there are prerequisites in the anamnesis, then allergic tests, determination of blood sugar levels and consultations of doctors such as an allergist and a cardiologist may additionally be prescribed.

Most of these tests are taken according to certain rules. This is the morning time, on an empty stomach, and dinner the day before should be light. Alcohol intake is also excluded.

Video: what tests do you need to take to install the implant?

Consultation of other specialists

Not only the dentist decides on the adequacy of the dental implantation. In this case, the conclusions of other specialists may be required, which are appointed depending on the individual characteristics of the patient:

• therapist (gives a general conclusion in all cases);
• allergist;
• cardiologist;
• immunologist;
• infectious disease specialist, etc.

Each time about additional consultations, the issue is decided by the therapist, who is more oriented in the patient's health status. It is very important to discuss the entire process of implantation even before the start of preparation, to explain the importance of diagnostic measures, and also to adjust for a long period of healing and rehabilitation.

Bone grafting, bone augmentation, guided bone regeneration, sinus lifting during dental implantation

One-stage ( single phase) basal dental implantation

One-step express dental implantation according to the protocol of immediate loading ( without gum incision) - (video)

How to behave in the postoperative period ( do's and Don'ts after dental implantation)?

Possible complications, consequences and side effects of dental implantation

Where ( in which clinics or dental clinics) can you have dental implantation in the Russian Federation?

The site provides background information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases must be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. A specialist consultation is required!

What is dental implantation?

Dental implantation Is one of the most modern and reliable methods for restoring lost teeth. Its essence lies in the fact that part of the dental implant is introduced into the jaw bone instead of the damaged root ( remote) of the tooth and is firmly fixed there. The outer part of the implant is covered with a special crown or prosthesis, which ensures high strength of the entire structure, as well as a good cosmetic result.

The advantages of this technique include quality and reliability.
At the same time, it should be noted that the complete installation of the implant can take from several months to six months, due to the slow fusion of the implanted part with the jaw bone tissue. Average lifetime of a dental implant ( with the use of quality materials and the correct installation technique, as well as with proper oral care) can reach 25-30 and more years.

What is the difference between prosthetics and dental implants?

Implantation and prosthetics are two completely different procedures for restoring or replacing damaged teeth. Prosthetics are used in cases where the tooth is only partially damaged, and its root is still firmly fixed in the gum. In this case, the doctor first prepares the damaged tooth ( removes damaged parts, if necessary, removes the nerve). Then he sharpens the rest of the tooth, and applies a metal or metal-ceramic prosthesis on it ( crown or so-called "bridge", which allows replacing several teeth at once). With proper care, the service life of such a prosthesis can reach several decades.

The main difference between prosthetics and dental implantation is that in the second case, not only the upper part of the tooth is replaced, but also its root. Instead of a root in the gum ( into the jaw bone) a metal frame is implanted ( directly implant), on which the so-called suprastructure is subsequently "put on" - a crown, a bridge, and so on. Further ( if necessary) the suprastructure can be replaced, while removing the implant itself from the bone is extremely difficult ( it will only be possible to do it promptly).

Indications for dental implantation

As follows from the above, indications for dental implantation can be various diseases and pathological conditions in which the entire tooth is absent or cannot be preserved ( including its root).

Implantation of one or more teeth is indicated:

• With adentia. This term refers to the complete absence of teeth in the oral cavity. Usually, this condition can be observed in older people who have not sought qualified dental care for a long time, as a result of which all their teeth have fallen out.

• When one or more teeth are missing in the mouth. If one tooth needs to be replaced, one implant is installed instead. If the patient does not have several adjacent teeth at once, a special plate can be implanted into the jaw, on which there will be 2 - 3 or more "teeth". This will speed up the treatment process, since there is no need to install each implant separately.
• With loosening and loss of teeth. There can be many reasons for increased tooth mobility, from diseases of the teeth themselves to pathologies of the jaw bone. As a rule, a once loose tooth will never return to its previous, normal standing, as a result of which the option of replacing it with an implant should be considered.
• If it is impossible to wear removable dentures. Some people may experience permanent oral discomfort while wearing removable dentures, and therefore may be advised to have implantation.
• If it is impossible to install permanent dentures. Even when wearing a high-quality crown, some of the underlying tooth can be destroyed. If this happens, the crown will no longer be able to hold in place, and it will be impossible to install a new one due to the lack of supporting dental tissue. In this case, the only treatment option will also be the implantation of an artificial tooth.
• In case of malocclusion. For some congenital or acquired anomalies of the upper or lower jaw, malocclusion may occur that cannot be corrected otherwise. In this case, the manufacture and installation of specially prepared implants can help solve the problem.

Is dental implantation indicated for periodontal disease and periodontitis?

Dental implantation is one of the main methods of treating periodontitis, while in case of periodontitis, it can be used only in advanced cases, with the ineffectiveness of other therapeutic methods.

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the tissues that surround the tooth and ensure its fixation in the jawbone. With this pathology, the destruction of the alveolar process of the jaw is noted ( in which the tooth is directly fixed), as well as the formation of abscesses around the tooth itself. As a result, it loosens and falls out. Dental implantation is indicated only after the treatment of periodontitis and the elimination of the causes of its occurrence.

In contrast to periodontitis, the development of the inflammatory process is not observed with periodontitis. This pathology is characterized by slow destruction of the jaw bone tissue and damage to its alveolar processes, resulting in the exposure of the tooth root. An important feature is the fact that for a long time the tooth remains firmly fixed, does not stagger and does not fall out, and therefore it is not advisable to carry out implantation in the early stages of the disease ( indicated drug and surgical treatment aimed at restoring bone tissue around the tooth) At the same time, it should be noted that with prolonged progression of the disease and without the necessary treatment, the tooth root can become bare ( protrude above the gum surface) by more than 50%. In this case, the appearance of tooth shakiness is possible, and the risk of its loss also increases. If this happens, dental implantation will be the only possible treatment.

Is dental implantation performed for children?

It is not recommended to implant teeth in children under 18 years of age. The fact is that in the process of growing up a child, the jaw bones and the teeth themselves grow and change. An implant installed in early childhood would have turned out to be too small for the patient after some time, as a result of which its reinstallation would have been required. Performing such a procedure would be impractical and extremely traumatic. That is why, in such cases, various options for dental prosthetics are first used, and after the child's growth stops, the issue of installing permanent implants is decided.

Dental implantation alternatives

Dental implantation is quite reliable, but expensive and relatively laborious. If the patient is not ready for such a procedure, the damaged tooth can be “fixed” in other ways.

An alternative to dental implantation can be:

• Classic prosthetics. In this case, a special crown is put on the prepared upper part of the tooth, which protects the tooth from further destruction. It is worth noting that dentures can be removable ( the patient can take them off on his own whenever he wishes) or permanent, which are firmly fixed to the rest of the tooth and can only be removed by a specialist in a dental clinic.
• Tooth reimplantation. This technique is similar to classical implantation. First, the doctor carefully removes the damaged tooth, which is subsequently processed in a special way ( that is, it is restored, restored) - pathological foci of caries and other damage are removed from it, various deformations and channels are sealed, enamel is restored ( outer tooth surface) etc. After the restoration process is over, the patient’s tooth returns to its original place and is fixed to the jawbone, after which it can last for many more years ( with proper care).

Limitations and contraindications for dental implantation

The procedure for installing the implant is quite complex, time-consuming and involves certain risks, as a result of which, before starting the procedure, the doctor must make sure that the patient does not have any contraindications.

Tooth implantation is contraindicated:

• With infectious diseases of the oral cavity. If the patient has stomatitis ( inflammation of the oral mucosa), gingivitis ( gum disease) or another similar infectious process, you should first start treating it, and only after the complete elimination of the focus of infection, start implantation of the tooth. The fact is that during the implantation procedure the implant will be implanted in the jawbone. If at the same time there will be a focus of infection in the oral cavity, pathogenic microorganisms can enter the blood or bone tissue, causing the development of formidable complications.

• For severe diseases of the cardiovascular or respiratory system. During implantation, the patient may need to be anesthetized ( medication sleep), which can be dangerous if you have heart failure or respiratory failure.
• With diseases of the immune system. In some pathologies, the work of the immune system is disrupted, which normally performs a protective function ( protecting the body from the introduction of foreign bacteria, viruses, fungi and other dangerous particles) Since the implant is a foreign substance that comes into direct contact with the patient's blood, if the immune system is impaired, the patient may develop allergic reactions that can pose a threat to his health or even life.
• With mental disorders. Performing dental implantation requires a certain amount of cooperation and understanding from the patient. If the patient is inadequate and is not responsible for his actions, he cannot carry out this procedure.
• For diseases of the blood coagulation system. Under normal conditions, this system is responsible for stopping bleeding in case of injury, injury, cuts, and so on. If its functions are impaired, the patient may experience prolonged, profuse bleeding even after minor cuts. A tooth implantation operation is associated with damage to the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, gums and jawbone, as a result of which the risk of bleeding is increased with this procedure. That is why, before starting its implementation, the doctor must make sure that the patient's blood coagulation system is functioning properly.
• With rheumatic diseases of the connective tissue. With systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, and other similar diseases, the development of connective tissue is disrupted, which is extremely important at the stage of implantation in the jaw bone. That is why, before implanting teeth, it is necessary to achieve a stable remission of the patient's pathology.
• In the acute phase of tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease in which lung tissue is most often affected. The acute phase of the pathology is characterized by the fact that a sick person releases an infectious agent into the environment along with exhaled air ( while coughing or simple breathing) Since doctors will need to work in close proximity to the patient’s respiratory tract during tooth implantation, their risk of contracting tuberculosis increases. That is why tuberculosis should be treated first, but only after achieving stable remission ( abatement of acute manifestations of the disease and negative laboratory tests) You can plan dental implants.
• In diseases of the temporomandibular joint. Diseases that make it impossible to open the mouth sufficiently wide can create difficulties during the operation to implant a tooth.
• With pronounced anomalies in the structure of the jaw. During the procedure, a metal implant of a certain length and size will need to be inserted into the jawbone. If the patient's anomalies do not allow this ( for example, with too thin, deformed or weak bones), implantation of teeth is contraindicated for him.

Dental implants for anemia

The possibility of implantation depends on the severity of the anemia ( anemia), as well as on the speed of its development.

Anemia is characterized by a decrease in the concentration of red blood cells ( red blood cells) and hemoglobin ( providing oxygen transportation to tissues and organs) With the development of anemia, the transport function of the blood is disturbed, that is, the cells of the body may begin to lack oxygen. Since a certain loss of blood is possible during tooth implantation ( usually no more than a few milliliters, but in case of unforeseen complications, more profuse bleeding is possible), not a single doctor will take a patient with severe anemia for surgery.

It is worth noting that not only the severity of anemia is important, but also the speed of its development. So, for example, 130 g / liter is considered a normal level of hemoglobin in men, and 120 g / l in women. If anemia developed slowly ( for example, if you are deficient in iron, vitamin B12 or other substances), the body manages to adapt to gradually changing conditions and does not experience a pronounced lack of oxygen. In such cases, the operation can be performed even with a slightly reduced level of hemoglobin ( but not less than 90 g / l) If anemia develops as a result of bleeding, the body does not adapt well to rapidly changing conditions, as a result of which dental implants can be performed only after eliminating the cause of anemia and restoring the normal level of hemoglobin.

Is dental implantation done during menstruation?

It is not recommended to install an implant or other surgical interventions during menstrual bleeding, as this can negatively affect the general condition and health of a woman, as well as lead to the development of complications.

Dental implants during menstruation can be complicated:

• The development of anemia. During menstrual bleeding, a woman normally loses about 50 - 150 ml of blood ( sometimes up to 200 ml, which depends on the individual characteristics of the body) At the same time, with the development of any pathologies or complications, bleeding may be more pronounced, as a result of which blood loss can reach 500 ml or more. In this case, severe anemia may develop, requiring urgent treatment. This is why dental implantation ( as well as any other surgical intervention) during menstruation is undesirable.
• Stress. During menstruation, the female body experiences stress, which is manifested by increased excitation of the nervous system, hormonal changes, and so on. Stress can be aggravated by implant placement surgery, which can lead to increased nervous excitement, nervousness, nervous breakdown and other psychological disorders.
• Disorders of the blood coagulation system. As mentioned earlier, the coagulation system stops bleeding. During menstruation, increased activation of blood coagulation factors is noted, which is protective ( prevents heavy blood loss) If at the same time to perform dental implantation ( during which damage to the tissues of the gums, jaw and oral mucosa also occurs), this can further enhance the activity of the blood coagulation system, thereby increasing the risk of developing complications associated with this. The most dangerous complication in this case may be the formation of blood clots ( blood clots) directly in the vascular bed. Such blood clots can block blood vessels, thereby disrupting the delivery of blood and oxygen to certain tissues and organs ( including to the heart, lungs, brain and so on).

Can dental implants be performed during pregnancy or while breastfeeding?

During pregnancy, dental implantation is prohibited, as this can lead to the development of complications that pose a danger to the health and life of the mother and fetus.

Dental implantation during pregnancy can be complicated by:

• The toxic effect of medications. The implantation procedure is extremely painful, and therefore can only be performed using anesthesia ( anesthesia) Anesthesia is associated with the introduction into the bloodstream of a woman of a number of drugs that can penetrate the placenta ( nourishing organ) into the bloodstream of the fetus and disrupt its development. This can lead to intrauterine abnormalities or even intrauterine fetal death. It is also worth noting that painkillers prescribed to the patient after the implantation may also have a toxic effect.
• Allergic reactions. Allergy is an over-expressed reaction of the immune system, manifested by general malaise, itchy skin, a marked decrease in blood pressure, an increase in body temperature, and so on. Allergy can occur both during pain relief, and in response to the introduction of a foreign substance ( implant) into the jawbone. The development of a severe allergic reaction can lead to a violation of the blood supply to the fetus, thereby causing damage to its organs ( primarily brain) or even intrauterine death.
• X-ray damage to the fetus. In the process of preparing for implantation, it is necessary to perform an X-ray examination, that is, take a picture of the jaw and teeth ( sometimes not one, but several at once) Exposure to radiation can adversely affect the process of laying and developing the organs of the embryo or fetus, which will result in intrauterine developmental abnormalities.
• The development of infectious complications. During pregnancy, there is a weakening of female immunity, which is necessary for the normal development of the fetus. In such conditions, the ingress of even a small number of pathogenic microorganisms into an open wound can lead to the development of a severe infection, which will require additional treatment ( in particular, the appointment of antibiotics, which are contraindicated during pregnancy, as they can damage the fetus).

It is also not recommended to carry out implantation of teeth during breastfeeding, as the medicines introduced into the mother’s body can be excreted in breast milk and enter the baby’s body, causing the development of allergic and other dangerous reactions.

Features of dental implantation in type 1 or type 2 diabetes

If the patient has an initial form of diabetes, which has not yet led to the development of complications, and the patient accepts the treatment prescribed for him, dental implantation is not contraindicated. At the same time, with long-term progressive forms of the disease, as well as with the development of complications from internal organs and systems, it will be extremely difficult or even impossible to perform the procedure for implantation.

Diabetes mellitus is a disease in which some cells of the human body cannot normally absorb glucose ( sugar, which is a source of energy for them) This leads to dysfunction of many organs and systems, which is accompanied by the development of severe complications.

To date, type 1 diabetes mellitus ( insulin dependent) and 2 types ( insulin independent) In the first case, the cause of the disease is a violation of the production of the hormone insulin, which is normally produced by the pancreas. With its lack, glucose cannot enter the cells, which leads to an increase in the concentration of sugar in the blood. The introduction of insulin from the outside helps to solve this problem, which was the reason for the name of this form of the disease.

In type 2 diabetes, the cause of the disease is damage to the body's cells, which cannot interact with insulin, as a result of which glucose cannot penetrate into them. It also leads to high blood sugar levels, although insulin production is not impaired. In this case, various medications are used for treatment that help lower sugar levels, thereby preventing the development of complications.

As mentioned earlier, diabetes mellitus affects many organs, including the blood vessels. Due to insufficient supply of glucose, the walls of small blood vessels are damaged, as a result of which the vessels are destroyed. Over time, this leads to insufficient blood supply to the affected organs. Against the background of impaired oxygen delivery, cell division processes are disrupted ( regeneration), and the risk of developing infections ( due to insufficient supply of cells of the immune system to the affected tissue) If such complications develop, it will be impossible for the patient to implant a tooth. The fact is that after the implant is installed, it must grow into the bone tissue of the jaw. However, due to a violation of the blood supply, this process will proceed extremely slowly and "sluggishly", as a result of which the implant will not take root as it should. Moreover, due to a violation of the blood supply to the oral mucosa, the risk of wound infection during the procedure increases, which is fraught with the development of a dangerous purulent infection.

Do dental implants do oncology?

Oncological ( tumor) The diseases themselves are not a contraindication to dental implants. At the same time, it is worth noting that the presence of a malignant tumor requires its immediate treatment, since otherwise the risk of developing complications and death of the patient increases. That is why, when a cancer is detected, first of all, it should be cured, and after that, dental implantation should be planned.

It is contraindicated to perform dental implantation:

• In the presence of tumors in the oral cavity, face, head, neck. During the operation, damage to the tumor is possible, which can lead to its metastasis ( disease progression, accompanied by the spread of tumor cells to other tissues and organs).
• In the presence of metastases. The presence of metastases in distant tissues and organs suggests that the tumor is progressively developing. At the same time, there is a rapid violation of the functions of many internal organs and systems, which often leads to the death of the patient.
• During radiotherapy. Radiotherapy can be used to treat certain cancers. Its essence lies in the effect on tumor tissue with certain doses of radiation, which leads to the death of tumor cells. At the same time, it should be noted that irradiation can disrupt the division of normal cells in the human body, as a result of which the wound healing processes, including the process of bone tissue overgrowth of the implant, will slow down.
• With chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is the use of medications to treat tumors. Chemotherapy also disrupts the processes of cell division in various organs, as a result of which it is impossible to implant the implant at this time.

Dental implantation for hepatitis

In itself, the presence of hepatitis is not a contraindication to dental implantation. At the same time, the development of complications associated with this disease can create certain difficulties that make the procedure impossible.

Hepatitis is an inflammatory liver disease that develops as a result of infection with specific viruses, against the background of alcohol abuse, intoxication of the body, and so on. With an exacerbation of the disease, the patient has an increase in body temperature, general weakness, indigestion, nausea, vomiting, and so on. It is forbidden to perform dental implantation in such conditions, as this can lead to depletion of the body's compensatory capabilities and to the development of complications. At the same time, after carrying out adequate treatment and achieving remission ( abatement of acute manifestations of the disease) implantation can be performed without any major problems.

Things are much worse with chronic, long-term progressive hepatitis. In this case, against the background of a chronic inflammatory process, most of the liver cells can be affected, which will lead to the development of complications ( in particular to cirrhosis of the liver) This will be accompanied by dysfunction of many other organs and systems, in particular the blood coagulation system. The fact is that many coagulation factors are formed precisely by liver cells. When they are destroyed, the concentration of these factors in the blood will decrease, as a result of which the patient will have a tendency to bleed even after minor tissue damage. It will be impossible to perform dental implantation in such conditions, since if bleeding occurs, it will be extremely difficult for doctors to stop it, as a result of which the patient may lose a lot of blood.

Are dental implants performed for HIV infection?

HIV is a human immunodeficiency virus that can enter the body through sexual contact, as well as blood transfusion, with repeated use of syringes by different people ( common among drug abusers) etc. When it enters the human body, this virus infects the cells of its immune system, as a result of which, over time, the body becomes less resistant to the development of various infections. Ultimately ( without the necessary treatment) the patient dies due to the development of many infectious complications from various organs.

It is worth noting that the process of damage to the human immune system is very slow, taking whole years or even tens of years. In the initial stages of the disease, as well as with proper treatment, there are enough immune system cells in the patient's body to resist infections. Such patients are not prohibited from performing dental implantation, however, they must inform the doctor about their pathology. In this case, the doctor will work extremely carefully so as not to become infected with HIV himself, and will also pay special attention to the prevention of infectious complications during surgery and in the postoperative period ( perhaps he will prescribe stronger antibiotics for a longer time).

If HIV has infected most of the cells of the patient's immune system, his body's resistance to infections is extremely low. In this case, even simple, usually harmless bacteria ( who constantly live in the human oral cavity) can enter the wound and cause a severe systemic infection that can lead to patient death. Dental implantation in such patients is strictly contraindicated.

Dental implantation in old age

Old age is not a contraindication for tooth implantation. If the patient does not have the previously listed contraindications ( diseases of the cardiovascular, respiratory and other systems, diabetes mellitus, malignant tumors and so on), one or more teeth can be implanted. The peculiarities of the procedure in the elderly include slowing down the regeneration processes ( recovery) bone tissue. As a result, it may take longer after the implant is placed for it to firmly anchor in the bone and begin to function normally.

Preparation before dental implantation

For the implantation procedure to take place as quickly, efficiently and safely as possible, the patient must be properly prepared for it. Preparation includes a full examination of the patient, as well as his observance of certain rules, which the attending physician will tell him about.

Which doctor is involved in dental implantation?

For dental implantation it is necessary make an appointment with a dentist. It is worth noting that today in dentistry there are many narrower specialties, each of which deals with the solution of certain issues. In addition, it is the stomatologist, if necessary, who can send the patient to other specialized specialists if their consultation is necessary for the dental implantation procedure.

To perform a tooth implant, a patient may need a consultation:

• Orthopedic dentist. This specialist is directly involved in determining the indications and contraindications for implantation, helps the patient to choose the most appropriate method of implantation, and is also directly involved in the process of installing the implant and in the postoperative treatment of the patient.
• Dentist surgeon. This specialist is engaged in tooth extraction, as well as in the treatment of other diseases of the dentition, requiring surgical intervention. His consultation may be needed both before implantation ( to remove the remnants of damaged teeth, instead of which implants will be installed), and after the procedure ( in the case of purulent complications in which surgical treatment is indicated).
• Dentist Consultation or treatment with this specialist may be required if the patient has caries ( a source of infection in the oral cavity), periodontitis ( inflammatory lesions of tissues that fix the tooth) and other pathologies in which implantation is contraindicated.
• Dental Technician. This specialist is directly involved in the manufacture of dental implants and prostheses.

Patient examination before dental implantation

During the first consultation, the doctor determines the indications and contraindications for implantation, and also informs the patient about the features of the upcoming procedure.

The initial examination of the patient by the dentist includes:

• Conversation with the patient. During the conversation, the doctor specifies what specific problems the patient is concerned about, how long he has suffered from dental diseases, whether he has visited dentists before and so on.
• Examination of the oral cavity. During the first consultation, the doctor carefully examines the patient's oral cavity and teeth, on the basis of which he determines whether he needs implantation or whether he should resort to other methods of treatment.
• Informing the patient about possible treatments. After the examination, the doctor must tell the patient about all the possible treatment options for his existing disease, as well as about their features, possible complications, and so on.
• Identification of possible contraindications. At the first consultation, the doctor should ask the patient if he has any diseases in which implantation is contraindicated.
• Informing the patient about the implantation procedure. The doctor should tell the patient everything about the chosen method of treatment, including the technical features of the procedure, the method of anesthesia, the duration of treatment, the duration of postoperative recovery, possible consequences, complications, the cost of the procedure, and so on. If during the consultation the patient has any additional questions, the doctor should also answer them.

If, after examining the oral cavity and talking, the patient agrees to the operation, the doctor prescribes additional laboratory and instrumental examinations, which must be done before the operation.

What tests need to be done before dental implantation?

Before performing the procedure, a series of tests should be taken, on the basis of which the doctor will determine whether an implant can be installed for this patient.

Before dental implantation, you may need:

• General blood analysis. This analysis contains data on the concentration of hemoglobin and red blood cells in the blood ( their decrease may be a sign of anemia, in which implantation is contraindicated) Also, based on a general blood test, it is possible to detect the presence of an infection in the body ( this may be indicated by an increase in the concentration of leukocytes of more than 9.0 x 109 / l), which is also a contraindication to the operation.
• Blood chemistry. A biochemical blood test may contain data on the functioning of the liver, kidneys, heart and other internal organs. Violation of their functions can also be a reason for canceling or postponing the dental implantation procedure. Moreover, during biochemical analysis, the concentration of glucose in the blood is determined, which allows to identify patients with diabetes.
• General urine analysis. A general urinalysis can detect infections of the genitourinary system, as well as functional kidney disease.
• Analysis for viral hepatitis. As mentioned earlier, infection with certain viruses can be the cause of hepatitis. The definition of hepatitis B and C virus markers is of diagnostic value before dental implants, since they can lead to a chronic course of the disease and liver damage. Also, the doctor performing the operation can become infected with these viruses if during the procedure it comes into contact with the patient’s blood ( for example, if his glove breaks or is pricked with a needle).
• HIV test. This analysis is carried out for several reasons. First, if the doctor knows that the patient has HIV, he will take additional measures to prevent the development of infectious complications during and after surgery. Secondly, during the operation, he will be very careful not to get infected himself. Thirdly, the analysis is performed before any surgical intervention in order to ensure the safety of the doctor. The fact is that after the operation, the HIV-infected patient can sue the doctor, saying that it was during the implantation that he was infected with this virus. Laboratory confirmation of the presence of HIV in a patient before surgery will prevent such a scenario.
• Pregnancy test. This is not a mandatory study, but before planning an implantation, a woman should make sure that she is not pregnant. The fact is that in some cases, the total duration of tooth implantation can be several months ( after the first stage, a certain break is taken, and then the second stage of the operation is performed
• Dentist (dentist, orthodontist) - what kind of doctors are they and what are they treating? When should I contact him? What awaits the patient at the appointment?

Implantation is a surgical procedure and involves the implantation of a foreign object into the body. For this reason, you need to carefully prepare for the procedure, identify contraindications and diseases that can slow down or complicate the treatment. Tests before dental implants are the most important component of the preparatory stage for the procedure.

Briefly about implantation

Implantation is an operation to implant artificial tooth roots - implants into the jaw tissue. These structures are able to gradually grow together with the bone tissue.

The implant consists of a rod, a healing abutment and an abutment (the upper part of the structure on which the crown is attached). The implant can be connected to the abutment (monolithic design) or provided in a collapsible version.

In most cases, the installation of the implant is carried out in two stages, however today one-stage implantation is gaining popularity, when the rod is placed in the socket of the extracted tooth and loaded with a temporary prosthesis.

In any case, during implantation, you will need to cut the gum, and sometimes bone augmentation is required, therefore, it is necessary to take tests before this procedure.

What is the purpose of the tests?

With the help of implantation, lost teeth are restored to a person. The implantation of implants is a very responsible procedure, which has many contraindications. Taking them into account is simply necessary so that a smooth engraftment occurs and there is no rejection of the structure.

Different clinics may prescribe different tests before implantation, however, their delivery is a mandatory procedure before the implantation of implants. An important role here is played by who will carry out the implantation and in which clinic. If suddenly you are offered to do implantation without taking tests, it is better to refuse treatment in this clinic. Without this kind of research, the doctor will not receive the necessary history and an accurate picture of the patient’s health status, and implantation if contraindications are not identified to it can lead to unpleasant complications, up to rejection of the implanted structure.

Thanks to such studies, the state of the patient's oral cavity, bone tissue and general health can be most carefully evaluated. With weakened immunity or the presence of exacerbated diseases that adversely affect the general health of the patient, implantation cannot be performed until these ailments are eliminated.

There are situations when tests show that implantation is generally contraindicated for a patient, then another method of prosthetics must be used to restore teeth.

What do I need to pass?

The doctor will tell you what list of tests to give to the patient before implantation after the initial examination. First of all, blood coagulation, HIV, antibodies and the Rh factor will need to be donated. The need for additional tests will depend on whether the patient has serious diseases:

1. In the presence of diabetes mellitus, it will be necessary to examine the blood glucose content, and also appoint an endocrinologist's consultation.
2. If there are cardiovascular diseases, the patient will be referred to a cardiologist, who can prescribe additional examinations.
3. In cases of allergic reactions, an allergist consultation will be prescribed and allergological tests will be taken.

In addition to blood tests, examinations of the jaw system will also be required. In order to determine the desired location of the future implant, the doctor, before implantation, must thoroughly study the structure of the patient's jaws and the state of his bone tissue. For this purpose, the following examinations are prescribed:

1. Computed tomogram - allows you to find out the features of the structure of the jaw, the thickness of the bone tissue, choose the size of the implant, determine the presence of any changes in the jaw system. The picture is taken with a tomograph. Then they are processed by high-resolution computer programs.
2. Orthopantogram is a type of X-ray that allows you to get a picture of the dentition, which shows the location of the dental organs and pathological changes in the roots, if any. This study is general. Computed tomography only complements it.

If the patient's teeth are missing for a long time, bite problems may develop. In this case, the help of an orthodontist may be required. Often, patients align their bite with braces before installing implants.

Some complex solutions require even more thorough diagnosis. In particular, these are methods that are used for acute atrophy of bone tissue - this is zygomatic, "all 6", three or basal implantation. These protocols are performed only after CT, and in some situations even MSCT (multi-helical CT, which gives a more detailed three-dimensional image).

Detailed list of required analyzes

Detailed list:

1. General blood analysis.
2. General urine analysis.
3. Blood to determine the Rh factor and group.
4. Biochemical and hormonal research.
5. Blood for sugar.
6. Hemostasiogram.
7. Level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) - its increase may indicate the presence of diseases of the liver, myocardium of the heart, kidneys, pancreas and muscles.
8. The level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) - may indicate diseases of the lungs, myocardium, nerve tissue, pancreas of the kidneys, muscles and liver.
9. Syphilis.
10. Hepatitis B and C.
11. Bilirubin (general and direct).
12. Cholesterol.
13. Creatinine.
14. Total protein.
15. Amylase.
16. Albumen.
17. Phosphatase is alkaline.
18. Cholesterol.

Women, in addition to the listed studies, will also need to pass TSH tests and the values \u200b\u200bof free T3 and T4, as well as determine the parameters of parathyroid hormone and estradiol. This is necessary due to the fact that the presence of endocrine disorders is a relative contraindication to dental implantation.

How to prepare for testing?

The results of any study will be most accurate if you follow certain rules for taking tests. Consider the main ones:

1. It is recommended to take tests in the morning due to the fact that blood counts can change significantly during the day. Laboratory standards are designed specifically for blood counts in the morning.
2. The day before delivery, you need to exclude physical activity and the use of alcoholic beverages.
3. Do not smoke for at least two hours before the blood sampling procedure.
4. On the eve of delivery, no medicine should be taken.

There are tests that can only be taken on an empty stomach (you can not eat for at least 12 hours before taking blood). These analyzes include:

• biochemical (triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose and so on);
• hormones;
• fibrinogen and prothrombin;
• tumor markers;
• determination of blood group and Rh factor.

Drinking water before the above tests is allowed due to the fact that it is not produced on the state of the blood of any effect.

What you need to know:

1. Tests before implantation can be taken in any clinic. But there are large dental centers that provide for their fence. Usually they don’t have their own laboratory, and the blood taken is sent to the laboratory with which the center cooperates. However, this option is more convenient, since all procedures can be carried out right in the same center, and there is no need to run around and look for a suitable laboratory.
2. The prices for the collection of tests and their results in different clinics and laboratories may differ depending on the status of the organization, its pricing policy, and so on. For this reason, you can call several organizations in advance to choose the most suitable option.
3. Attention should be paid to the form in which the test results are provided. This must be a stamped letterhead.
4. Each analysis has its own expiration date. On average, results are valid for about a week or two after delivery. For this reason, do not delay the installation of implants, especially if the patient has chronic diseases. The situation can change quickly. And implantation is recommended to be carried out during a period of persistent remission of any disease.
5. You should be very careful about the results of the analyzes. The presence of even one small deviation from the norm may indicate the presence of a contraindication to implantation.

Detailed patient review of basal implantation at Smile-at-Once clinic