They are able to appear due to trauma upon impact, fall, injury. The victim must be given first aid and brought to the department of traumatology.
What is a wound?
A wound is a violation of the integrity of the skin or mucous membranes. It can be superficial or deep, cut or torn. Regardless of the severity of the lesion, the wound must be carefully treated.
What you need to treat a wound
Prepare:
- alcohol;
- brilliant green or iodine;
- chlorhexidine;
- hydrogen peroxide;
- potassium permanganate;
- package;
- heating pad;
- sterile gauze;
- bandage.
Preparation for the procedure
Before providing first aid, wash your hands thoroughly and treat them with medical alcohol or any other alcohol-containing liquid so that the infection does not enter the wound. It is necessary to clean the wound on the head with a sterile gauze swab. Do not use cotton wool, its particles can remain in the wound, which will provoke additional complications. When the scalp is damaged, you need to trim the hair around at a distance of two centimeters, rinse the damaged area with chlorhexidine, three percent hydrogen peroxide or a weak solution of potassium permanganate.
Around the wound, abundantly lubricate the skin with alcohol, brilliant green, iodine, a saturated solution of potassium permanganate. It is important to ensure that medicines do not get on the damaged area, as they can cause tissue burns, which will seriously complicate the process of further healing.
When the bleeding does not stop
If the blood flow is plentiful, you need to independently apply a sterile gauze swab to the site of the wound. Then apply a pressure dressing. To reduce swelling, pain, stop blood flow, an ice pack or a heating pad that is filled with cold water should be applied to the dressing. As the water begins to warm, change the heating pad. This is especially true for the warm season, when the path to the department of traumatology takes a lot of time.
What to do with foreign objects in the wound
Such items that are deep in the wound do not need to be removed on their own. Doing this is very dangerous, as bleeding can intensify. Only a qualified trauma doctor or surgeon can perform manipulations to cure foreign objects.
Do not neglect emergency
Regardless of the degree of damage to the head, immediately call an ambulance or take the victim to the nearest traumatology department. In the case of a deep injury, there is a danger that the lining of the brain becomes inflamed, which sometimes leads to death, so even a slight delay in providing specialized medical care can cost the patient life.
There are a large number of diseases associated with skin and hair problems. “Sores” on the head are not just aesthetic nuisance.
In most cases, they talk about serious problems in the body. In the absence of proper treatment, the case is not limited to the usual itching. A rash, dandruff, drying crusts appear on the scalp, the process may result in hair loss.
The presence of constant nervous stress, stress, lack of sleep - this is also the reason for the poor functioning of the immune system.
Immune defense weakens with an unbalanced diet. The occurrence of dandruff, for example, can be triggered not only by fungal microorganisms, but also by the usual lack of necessary trace elements.
One of the reasons why sores appear on the head is a metabolic disorder. Poor performance of the sebaceous glands gives impetus to the development of dermatitis. Diseases of the internal organs and hormonal disruptions often lead to cystic formations.
The appearance of painful foci on the head in the hair can be caused by the development of oncology, infection with ringworm, taking medications that are not suitable for the patient, and allergies.
It is necessary to carefully comply with all sanitary and hygienic rules: keep your hair clean, use only an individual comb, use proven cosmetic and hygiene products. Although compliance with hygiene rules does not give a one hundred percent guarantee of protection against scalp diseases. Lice can settle in completely clean hair.
Wounds on the head, in addition to injuries, can occur when an infection of a viral, bacterial, or fungal nature enters a weakened body. With a decrease in immunity, the body alone can not cope with ailments. Over time, weeping foci of skin irritation become wounds, sometimes even purulent. The infection spreads when scratching problem areas and in the absence of disinfection.
The cause of the disease of the hairline can be banal mechanical damage to the skin, the use of hairpins and other accessories that provoke the appearance of wounds on the head.
Heredity, allergic reactions, adverse ecology greatly complicate the treatment.
Symptoms of major scalp problems
Their appearance is a signal of a violation of hygiene rules. Often found on the head in a child who has been in contact with other patients, or in adults who have visited a bathhouse or train where sanitary standards were not followed. From the bites of lice, small sores arise, the head itches.
The reason is a microscopic tick that has settled in the upper layers of the skin. With reduced immunity or due to skin injuries, the tick rushes into the deeper layers of the dermis, which causes the patient to have acne, ulcers, redness on the face and scalp. He is worried about severe itching. You will need the help of not only a dermatologist, but also a dermatocosmetologist.
Sores on the scalp occur due to dysfunction of the sebaceous glands, malnutrition, deficiency of certain vitamins. Pathology may be associated with diseases of the nervous system or HIV infection.
In the hair and on the face there are inflammations, crusts and peeling. In some cases, seborrheic dermatitis develops.
It is characterized by the appearance of itching and dandruff. And this is not necessarily due to non-compliance with hygiene rules. Even the best and most expensive shampoo will not help if the sebaceous glands are disrupted and immunity is weakened.
Contact dermatitis
It is caused by an allergic reaction to various objects or organisms with which a person has been in contact. The place of contact turns red, there is a sensation of itching and burning, which does not pass on its own.
The doctor should find out the nature of this reaction and prescribe an antiallergic drug.
Psoriasis
May have a light and severe form. With a mild, itchy head, small convex plaques appear on the skin, which can be eliminated with a special shampoo.
In severe form, when there is an increase in regional lymph nodes, the help of a doctor will be required.
Why it arises is still a mystery to scientists. The patient first appears under the hair, after a while they begin to itch and peel. If the disease cannot be defeated at the initial stage with the help of a special shampoo, then very soon its signs will appear on the face and on the whole body.
The scalp is covered with reddish and purple tubercles (papules). Over time, they turn into scars, in the place of which hair disappears. Children rarely suffer from this disease, mostly the elderly. You should contact a dermatologist immediately, since you will not be able to recover on your own.
If watery vesicles and reddish spots appear on the head, this may be a sign of the penetration of the herpes virus, similar to the chickenpox virus, into the body. Shingles are characterized by painful symptoms: itching, headaches, as a result of which even facial paralysis is possible. A visit to a doctor is required.
Ringworm
Also called dermatophytosis. The disease is caused by a fungus. Over time, become inflamed and become wounds. Scars form in their place. The disease is very contagious, mainly young people suffer from it. It is also unpleasant that hair in problem areas can be lost forever.
Another name is multi-colored. On the upper layers of the skin, spots of different colors appear, appearing under small scales. This type of lichen is characterized by severe itching and sweating. Since it has a fungal nature, it is necessary to treat the disease with antifungal drugs.
With weak immunity, sores can appear on the head, which itch heavily, and then become inflamed and fester. The scabs formed in their place will gradually grow, if you do not deal with timely treatment. The doctor will recommend a suitable ointment with shampoo and medication.
Very contagious. Transmitted from animal to human. The rash in the form of vesicles gradually expands in area. Hair dries, begins to break.
Trichophytosis
Exists in two forms. With a superficial rash, the skin peels off, the hair easily breaks and falls out. Dark spots remain in their place. In the second case, you can also lose hair, but at the place of their loss there will be reddish-brown tubercles.
Favus (scab)
Itching and burning results in damage to the skin of a fungal nature. In this area, yellowish crusts with an unpleasant odor appear. They can bleed. Hair becomes brittle, lose shine. It sometimes takes several months to cure a patient.
Treatment
Itching, redness and rashes, all the negative phenomena presented in the photo - this is only the visible part of the trouble. Scabies and falling flakes can lead to the development of serious consequences such as:
- microbial eczema;
- protein in the urine;
- even oncological skin problems.
If the sores on the head do not disappear for a long time, and the advertised shampoos, oils and vitamins do not help much, you should consult a doctor. Analyzes will be prescribed that will determine the nature of the ailment: whether it is an infection, a hormonal malfunction, or an attack of a weakened body by a fungus.
Recommendations on how to treat dandruff and sores on the head depend on the results of tests and analyzes. In the most mild cases, from the attending physician, patients receive advice on the use of ointments, gels, serums, which have a general strengthening or antifungal effect. In more severe cases, local treatment of foci where sores appear is not enough. Then apply:
- antibiotics
- drugs that positively affect the intestinal microflora; removing toxins from the intestines;
- antihistamines - with allergies.
Most of the external products that are used when the head is scratched contain coal tar, zinc, and birch tar. In modern clinics, along with the use of shampoos and ointments containing salicylic acid or natural oils, they try to apply complex treatment.
Patients who have undergone subcutaneous injection or laser irradiation respond positively to these methods. Substances that kill the infection are injected under the skin, wounds on the head with a laser are well disinfected. Combined therapy, including massage and the effect of a steam capsule, is quite effective and fast.
Folk methods
Proven by time and in terms of efficiency they are not inferior to the means invented in our time. Of course, they should not be used in neglected cases.
Traditional medicine knows how to get rid of scabs or dandruff. To do this, use tomato juice, mix it with vegetable oil in equal proportions. The affected area is rubbed with a warm composition. It is also recommended ointment based on lard, with the addition of salt and sulfur. Even in folk practice, the favorite drink of all is widely used - bread kvass. It is useful not only when ingested, but helps to heal from crusts on the surface of the skin.
In combination with drug treatment, the use of decoctions of St. John's wort, oak and chamomile will be a good help. Fees from celandine, succession and calendula will greatly facilitate the condition of the patient. And tar soap will be useful not only during the course of treatment, but also in the future, for the prevention of relapse. Herbal-based conditioners will not only help diseased hair, but will preserve healthy beauty.
It is better to discuss all the causes and treatment of the disease with your doctor so as not to damage your skin. An ordinary scratch can lead to sad consequences. The question of what happened to the skin and how to treat it should always be asked by a specialist.
Content of the article: classList.toggle () "\u003e expand
Head injuries in children are often diagnosed. During active play, a child may fall and cut his lip or eyebrow and other part of his head. Head injuries can be of varying severity, and they require first aid and, if necessary, subsequent treatment.
First aid for head injuries in a child
If a child is injured in the head, then parents should approach first aid care responsibly. What to do if a child has broken (broken) his head to the blood?
The algorithm of first aid for various head injuries in a child:
- Seated or half-sitting.Assess the condition of the child. It is necessary to examine the head and identify abrasions, dissections, bruises and bumps. It is necessary to clarify with the child (if possible) his complaints (where and what hurts, whether there are any ailments, etc.);
- If the child has an open wound or general ailments with closed injuries, you should call an ambulance;
- In the presence of dissection it is necessary to treat the wound with antiseptics (for example, Hydrogen Peroxide, Chlorhexidine);
- Stop the bleeding. When dissecting the soft tissues of the head, as a rule, the wound bleeds heavily. This happens because the head is well stocked with blood vessels. In this case, a tight dressing must be applied. Also, treatment with hydrogen peroxide helps stop bleeding;
- Put cold on the injury site. This will help reduce pain, swelling, hematoma, and stop bleeding;
- If the child faintedthen lay it on its side or turn its head on its side. Rub whiskey with ammonia;
- If the child has convulsions, then it is necessary to hold him and prevent a new head injury.
How to treat a wound on the head during dissection
To treat an open wound, various antiseptic agents are used. It should be noted that antiseptics can be used both directly in the wound and in the areas surrounding it. Allocate alcohol and non-alcohol antiseptic agents.
Alcohol antiseptics can not be applied to the wound, because a burn will occur. They are used to treat the edges of the wound. Alcohol antiseptics include: brilliant green (brilliant green), iodine alcohol solution, medical alcohol.
Non-alcoholic antiseptics are used to treat inside the wound. Non-alcoholic antiseptics include:
- Hydrogen peroxide. In addition to antiseptic properties, it also has a hemostatic effect. This antiseptic forms an abundant foam, with a detrimental effect on anaerobic bacteria;
- Miramistin. This tool has antiseptic and antibacterial properties. It is used in various fields of medicine (dentistry, laryngology, surgery and traumatology, gynecology and others);
- Furatsilin. In the pharmacy you can buy both ready-made solution and tablets for the independent manufacture of an aqueous solution;
- Chlorhexidine. It copes well with bacteria and fungi;
- Weak potassium permanganate solution (potassium permanganate). If there are no other antiseptics on hand, then you can treat or wash the wound with a pale pink aqueous solution of potassium permanganate.
useful
know!
The most common injuries in children
Around the children there are many objects that can harm them (furniture, toys, trees, fences, swings and much more). Therefore, you must be careful. Most often, children injure, dissect various parts of the face. Also, there is a high risk of injuries to the nose (bruise, fracture, dissection of soft tissues) and eyes. Each of them has its own characteristics and similar pathological symptoms. With any head injury, the child needs first aid.
The child cut his forehead and eyebrow
A child can cut an eyebrow or forehead when falling from a height of his own height. In this case the following symptoms are observed:
- Gaping edges of the wound;
- Bruising
- Strong pain.
- Intense bleeding from a wound;
- Swelling of the surrounding soft tissue;
With a large wound, suturing is necessary. To do this, seek medical attention from a surgeon.
What to do if the child has cut an eyebrow or forehead? If the wound is small, then you can cope with it at home. First aid for dissecting an eyebrow or forehead in a child includes:
- Treat the wound with a non-alcoholic antiseptic;
- Stop the bleeding;
- Treat the edges of the wound with an alcohol antiseptic;
- Apply an aseptic dressing or bactericidal patch;
- If necessary, deliver the child to a trauma center.
Chin dissection in a child
Chin dissection can occur when hitting, falling, as well as playing with dangerous, cutting objects. If the chin is damaged, check if there is any. This is especially important when the child falls and is hit hard by the chin.
To rule out a fracture, you need to carefully feel the chin and lower jaw. With a fracture, pathological mobility and bone crunch will be observed.
It is also necessary to check the integrity of the teeth. There are frequent cases when teeth break after a chin injury.
When cutting the chin is observed:
- Pain in the lower jaw;
- Swelling and bruising;
- Bleeding from a wound;
- Violation of the movement of the jaw.
What to do if the child has opened a chin? If there is a suspicion of a fracture of the jaw, then in addition to treating the wound and applying cold, it is necessary to apply a bandage (as if to suspend the lower jaw) and seek medical help.
Broken lip
Lip dissection occurs in a fight (especially in adolescents) or in the fall. This trauma can be combined with a fracture of the jaw and teeth. Symptoms in this case, the child has bleeding and severe swelling. Severe swelling and pain disrupt the movement of the jaw; the child speaks with difficulty.
With severe bleeding, swelling and suspected fracture, it is necessary to deliver the child to a trauma center.
There will be a full diagnosis and stitches. With a minor wound in the framework of first aid, it is necessary to treat with an antiseptic and stick an antibacterial patch, apply cold to the injury.
Nose injury
With a nose injury, a septum curvature, a fracture of the bone part. Symptoms of a nasal injury are:
- Severe pain in the nose;
- Bleeding from the nose;
- Extensive hematomas in the nose;
- Severe edema, due to which breathing through the nose is difficult or impossible.
If the child injured his nose, he needs first aid:
- It is necessary to make a tamponade. Gauze swabs are moistened with hydrogen peroxide and injected deep into the nasal passage;
- Place an ice pack, cold compress, or any product from the refrigerator on the nose bridge.
In case of a nose injury, it is necessary to seek help from a doctor in order to exclude a fracture and deformation of the cartilaginous part.
Eye injury
If the eye is injured, an integrity of the eyeball may occur. In severe cases, the child loses sight. Damage to the eye occurs upon impact, foreign objects entering the eye, falling, and so on.
An eye injury is characterized by the presence of the following pathological signs:
- Swelling in the eye area, due to which the eye closes;
- Hematoma;
- Redness of the eyeball;
- Intense pain, which intensifies with blinking and movement of the eyeball;
- Visual impairment or its complete absence.
If the eye is damaged, the child is hospitalized in the ophthalmology department.
Possible consequences
The consequences of a head injury may not occur immediately and be quite severe. It is necessary to carefully monitor the condition of the child and upon detection the following symptoms urgently seek medical help:
- Dizziness;
- Nausea and vomiting;
- Loss of consciousness;
- Lack of coordination of movements;
- Impaired vision and hearing;
- Sharp mood swings.
The above pathological signs may indicate complications such as:
- Brain concussion;
- Hemorrhage in brain tissue;
- Fracture and dislocation of the jaw;
- Cerebral edema;
- Fracture of the bones of the arch and base of the skull.
If you do not seek help in a timely manner, then the condition of the child will deteriorate sharply. He may fall into a coma or die.
Types of head injuries
All head injuries are divided into 2 large groups: closed, open. Closed injuries are characterized by damage to the osteoarticular system and soft tissues, while the integrity of the skin is not violated. They in turn include:
- Brain concussion;
- Closed fractures of the bones of the skull (brain and facial parts);
- Dislocation of the jaw;
- Brain contusion;
- Bruise of the soft tissues of the head.
Open head injuries are characterized by a violation of the integrity of the skin and soft tissues, these include:
- Soft tissue dissection;
- Stabbed and cut wounds;
- Gunshot wounds to the head;
- Open fracture of the bones of the skull.
Injuries are also distinguished by severity:
- Mild injuries include soft tissue bruises and minor dissections;
- Concerns of moderate severity include concussion, dissection, dislocation of the jaw, fracture of the bones of the facial skull;
- Serious head injuries include brain contusion, a fracture of the base and cranial vault.
Adult Assistance
First aid for adults with head injuries is as follows:
- Assess the condition of the patient and the severity of his injury;
- To seat or lay the victim depending on his condition;
- Call an ambulance if necessary;
- When providing first aid, it is necessary for open injuries;
- Treat wounds if present;
- For any head injury, cold must be applied. It will help to avoid the occurrence of extensive hematoma, cerebral edema, reduce pain;
- During assistance in the absence of consciousness, determine the presence of a pulse and breathing, as well as the reaction of the pupils to light;
- In the absence of vital signs, resuscitation measures should be performed ().
A patient with a head injury cannot be left alone, it is necessary to observe him on the first day, as complications can be delayed.
A head injury can occur under different circumstances. Most often, the problem is diagnosed in victims of road accidents, workers in the workplace, and athletes. It is easy to get damage in everyday life, having hit your head when falling from a height of your height or during a fight.
It is important for an injured person to provide assistance and undergo a medical examination on time. This will help to assess the extent of the damage and prevent dangerous consequences.
Symptomatology
Doctors distinguish two types of head injury.
- The first is soft tissue injury. Most often, it happens without violating the integrity of the epidermis, but in some cases a bruised wound and bleeding occur.
- The second is a brain contusion, often accompanied by a fracture of the cranial bones or hemorrhage.
The depth of the lesion depends on the strength of the damaging factor. The more powerful it is, the higher the chance of getting a life-threatening injury.
The bruise becomes the cause of the primary changes in the patient's condition, provoked directly by the blow, and secondary, developing gradually due to oxygen starvation of tissues.
When a head hit causes a slight bruise of the brain, unpleasant symptoms quickly appear. A person may lose consciousness briefly. When he comes to, he feels:
- pain in the temples and neck;
- dizziness;
- noise in ears;
- disorientation;
- confusion of consciousness;
- nausea and vomiting.
If the injury is severe, its symptoms develop more intensively. Sharp pain is pulsating in the head, profuse vomiting is disturbing, memory lapses, convulsions are observed.
If the neck is injured, visual function may be affected. The ability to see decreases, doubles in the eyes, sometimes temporary blindness occurs.
When a blow to the soft tissues of the head occurs, pain occurs in the affected area. There may be a momentary loss of consciousness, hands and feet get colder. Spasm and vascular damage often provoke nosebleeds. Gradually, a bruise pops up in the affected area. If an injury occurs to the scalp, a lump usually appears, which hurts a lot. This is the result of mechanical rupture of blood vessels and hemorrhage.
Classification
Injury is classified according to location. You can hit:
- forehead;
- occiput;
- parietal region;
- temporal zone of the head.
To establish a diagnosis, you need to determine the severity. Doctors use a special classification. It includes 3 degrees with distinctive features.
Head injury according to ICD-10
For the convenience of doctors, an international classification has been created in which diseases are assigned a specific number. The MBK 10 code for a brain injury includes values \u200b\u200bfrom S00 to S09.
First aid
If a person has received a head injury, he needs the help of those around him. It should be applied immediately after injury.
- The patient needs complete peace. It should be placed on a flat surface, turning its head to the side to avoid particles of vomiting getting into the respiratory tract. It is important to remove dentures from your mouth, if any. The injured person must not get up even when loss of consciousness is not observed..
- It is recommended to put a cloth dampened with cool water on the forehead and the site of the impact for 15-20 minutes.
- If a bruised wound can be seen on the head, the skin around it must be treated with chlorhexidine or peroxide. A superimposed sterile gauze is recommended on top to prevent microbes from entering.
- When bone particles or foreign objects are visible in the wound, they should never be pulled out so as not to deepen the damage.
In the process of first aid, you must definitely call a doctor, even if the injury seems mild.
In some cases, the symptoms are mild with serious brain damage. Therefore, each victim needs a medical examination to exclude complications. 
Diagnostics
The patient is first checked by the Glasgow system. These are special tests by which you can determine the degree of impaired consciousness, motor and speech reactions. Upon admission to the hospital, doctors stabilize the condition of the victim and conduct emergency diagnostics.
- Radiography is done to detect closed fractures and cracks.
- To determine the degree of injury and the localization of inflammation, computed tomography is used.
If necessary, a spinal puncture is taken from a person to find out the level of red blood cells. A general blood test and a coagulogram are mandatory.
Treatment
Based on the results of the examination, a therapy regimen is prescribed. A severe bruise can trigger changes that require surgery. An operation is necessary if it is diagnosed:
- large hematoma, compressing the brain;
- brain displacement of more than 5 mm;
- high intracranial pressure, which can not be reduced;
- skull fracture;
- cerebral hemorrhage.
Drug therapy is prescribed individually based on the severity of the patient. It should be aimed at stabilizing the state and restoring all important functions.
In the complex treatment are used:
- diuretic drugs;
- neuroprotectors that inhibit destructive processes in the brain;
- anticonvulsants;
- muscle relaxants, relaxing vessels;
- analgesics;
- sleeping pills.
To normalize intracranial pressure, drugs are added dropwise to remove excess fluid from the body. Glucocorticosteroids are used to regenerate damaged brain cells. Wounds on the head after disinfection are treated with healing ointments under the dressing.
The patient needs bed rest and diet. The diet should include products that enrich tissues with vitamins, calcium, and valuable amino acids.
Rehabilitation
After the elimination of the acute phase, physiotherapy is recommended. Magnetotherapy, iontophoresis stimulate the brain well. Acupuncture is useful for recovering lost reflexes. If speech functions are violated, consultations with a speech therapist are needed. Psychological disorders and depression can be eliminated with the help of a psychologist.
Improve the general condition and increase energy potential easily with water procedures. Classes in the pool must be carried out with an instructor and increase the load gradually.
The rehabilitation process is carried out for from 1 month to 2 years. Duration depends on the diagnosis.
Home Therapy
With soft tissue injuries that do not affect the brain, home treatment is allowed.
To relieve pain, cold is regularly applied to the affected area on the first day. To quickly absorb bruises and cones, external agents are used:
- Troxevasin;
- Dolobene;
- Traumeel;
- Heparin ointment.
They need to be applied to the bump several times a day, without rubbing, and wait until completely absorbed.
Folk methods
If the doctor allowed to undergo therapy at home, it can be combined with the use of alternative methods.
- Quickly absorb hematomas juice of aloe or golden mustache. You need to wash the leaves of the plant, scroll through a meat grinder and squeeze the juice with gauze. Moisten a natural tissue in it and place it at the site of the injury for 30 minutes.
- Relieves puffiness and removes cones and potato starch. It is required to measure a spoonful of the product and dilute with warm water to a state of a homogeneous substance. Lubricate the affected area liberally and do not rinse until the composition dries.
2 days after injury, you can start using alcohol tinctures and dry heat.
- In order for the cone to begin to decrease, it is recommended to heat in the pan river sand or salt crystals. Place in a bag of natural fabric, wrap in a towel so as not to get a burn, and attach to the affected area. As the sand cools, remove the towel.
- It is useful to mix iodine and vodka in the same proportions in a glass bottle. Shake and grease the bump 3 times a day.
Consequences of injury
Injuries to the forehead, temples, and occipital part of the head are dangerous to health. To avoid complications, you need to follow all the doctor's recommendations and adhere to a gentle regimen until complete recovery.
Serious injury often causes consequences that prevent you from returning to normal life:
- impaired motor activity;
- high intracranial pressure;
- the formation of purulent sacs in the affected area;
- meningitis;
- epilepsy attacks;
- frequent migraines;
- hallucinations;
- visual impairment.
Sometimes unpleasant consequences begin to worry a few months or years after the healing of the injury. In order to prevent such a scenario, it is necessary to regularly undergo a preventive medical examination after a rehabilitation course.
Head - Caput
The victim received a blow to the head with a heavy blunt object. In the area of \u200b\u200bthe bruise, in the frontoparietal region, the wound with uneven edges 4 cm long bleeds. Around the wound crushed non-viable tissue. The bones of the skull are intact to the touch.
DS. Bruised wound of the frontotoparietal region on the right.
Vulnus contusum regionis frontoparietalis dextrae.
Cheek pain, worse when chewing. According to the victim, three days ago there was a major abrasion on the cheek. No primary treatment of the wound was performed. Redness with fuzzy contours and a size of 3 by 4 cm on the right cheek. The cheek is swollen, swollen, hot to the touch. In the center of the crimson-red infiltrate there is a small wound under the crust, scanty purulent discharge.
DS. Infected wound of the right cheek.
Vulnus infectum regionis buccalis dextrae.
Complaints of pain in the lobe of the left ear. An earring was pulled out of the victim from the left ear. On the left earlobe, a through laceration about 1 cm long with uneven edges is directed vertically downward. There is a slight bleeding.
DS. Torn left earlobe wound.
Vulnus laceratum lobuli auris sinistri.
The man is 23 years old.
Complaints of pain, swelling, burning sensation in the left auricle.
According to the patient, during sleep, the playing dog bit his ear. The dog is home, well-groomed, all vaccinations are done on time, documents for the dog and vaccinations are available. Before the arrival of the brigade, the NSR independently treated the wound with 3% hydrogen peroxide.
When viewed on the inner surface of the left auricle, a bitten wound, the edges are even, d \u003d 0.2 x 0.5 cm, do not bleed; ear wound swollen, hyperemic. Palpation painful. The acuity of hearing is not impaired.
Ds. A bitten wound to the left auricle.
Vulnus morsum auriculae sinistrae.
Treatment of wounds with 3% hydrogen peroxide. Processing the edges of the wound with tincture of iodine. Adhesive bandage.
The victim fell while skating. In the fall, he injured his lower lip. On examination, the red border of the lower lip is cut in the middle of its length. The wound has a vertical direction with uneven edges about 1 cm long, bleeds moderately.
DS. Bruised lower lip wound.
Vulnus contusum labii inferioris.
The victim chopped a metal plate with a chisel. The fragment of the left eyebrow is dissected. The wound has an oblique direction and is located closer to the bridge of the nose, bleeds moderately. The length of the wound is about 1.5 cm, the edges are uneven. The bone is intact to the touch.
DS. Bruised left eyebrow wound.
Vulnus contusum supercilii sinistri .
The victim chopped wood, a large chip broke off and hit in the forehead. Consciousness did not lose. On the forehead, a moderately bleeding wound about 3 cm long, the edges are uneven. Around the wound zone of necrosis. The frontal bone is intact to the touch. The general condition of the patient is satisfactory.
DS. Bruised frontal wound.
Vulnus contusum regionis frontalis.
While working on the machine, the victim's hair was twisted on the rotating shaft of the machine, and the skin was torn off the parietal-occipital region of the head. In the left parietal-occipital region, an exfoliated skin flap measuring 5 by 8 cm is oval with uneven edges, and is held only in the forehead. The wound surface bleeds profusely. The victim is excited, crying.
DS. A scalp wound to the head.
Vulnus panniculatum capitis.
The man is 47 years old. Complaints of headache, dizziness, chest pain during breathing and movement. Chronic diseases denied. According to the man, about an hour ago, he opened the front door for the bell and was beaten at home by two unknown people. He cannot say for sure whether he lost consciousness or not. The last three days I have been drinking alcohol. Urination and stool - n / a.
Consciousness is clear. 130/80 mm. Heart rate \u003d 80 per minute. BH \u003d 18 per minute. Normal skin color. Vesicular breathing, weakened. Spares the chest during breathing. Visually - swelling of the face, numerous hematomas, hematomas of the right paraorbital region. Deformation and swelling in the nose, back of the nose, pain on palpation. Sharp pain on palpation of the 5th and 6th rib on the left along the anterior axillary line. Crepitus is not detected. Signs of alcohol intoxication: alcohol breath, unsteady gait.
Ds.ZHMT. Brain concussion? Bruises of the soft tissues of the head. Closed nose fracture? Closed fracture of the left 5-6 ribs?
Trauma craniocerebrale clausum. Commotio cerebri? Contusiones textuum mollium capitis. Fractura ossium nasi clausa. Fractura costarum V-VI (quintae et sextae) sinistrarum?
Sol. Dolaci 3% - 1 ml iv
Sol.Natrii chloridi 0.9% - 10 ml
Transportation to a trauma center.
Reported to local police station.
Neck - Collum
The victim was stabbed in the right half of the neck with a knife. The skin is pale, lies on the ground, is inhibited. In the region of the sternocleidomastoid muscle on the right (approximately in the middle of its length), a deep wound about 1.5 cm long gapes, from which scarlet-colored blood is ejected rhythmically. The pulse is often weak. Breathing shallow, frequent.
DS. A stab wound to the side of the neck with a wound to the carotid artery and bleeding.
Vulnus punctoincisivum faciei lateralis colli et laesio traumatica arteriae carotis cum haemorrhagia.
Complaints of pain in the upper half of the neck, swallowing and breathing are difficult. The injured (young girl) made an unsuccessful suicide attempt. Tried to hang herself.
An external examination of the neck shows a purple-cyanotic bruise - a trace of the rope. The neck is swollen, swollen, palpation of the injury site is painful. The patient is conscious. The pulse is frequent, weak filling, shallow breathing, frequent.
DS. Closed soft tissue damage to the neck. Suicidal attempt.
Laesio traumatica textuum mollium colli clausa. Tentamen suicidii.
Complaints of pain when swallowing. The victim in the fight was hit with a sharp object (wide screwdriver) in the neck. On examination, an oval-shaped wound gaping about 1 cm in length with irregular edges gapes on the anterior surface of the neck to the left behind the thyroid cartilage. The wound bleeds moderately. When swallowing, saliva and food are secreted from the wound. Normal breathing through the nose. There is no subcutaneous emphysema.
DS. Stab laceration of the neck with damage to the esophagus.
Vulnus punctolaceratum colli cum laesione traumatica oesophagi.
Upper limb. Brush. Forearm. Shoulder. - Extremitas superior. Manus. Antebrachium Brachium.
The victim complains of pain in the right hand. An injury occurred at work: a metal part fell onto the back of the hand.
On the back surface of the right hand there is a subcutaneous crimson-cyanotic hematoma with a rounded shape of 4 by 5 cm in size. Due to swelling, it cannot completely compress the fingers into a fist. The skin in the area of \u200b\u200binjury is not damaged. Fluctuation is determined.
DS. Bruise of the dorsum of the right hand.
Contusio faciei dorsalis manus dextrae.
The victim complains of pain in the left hand. The patient was severely hit with a heavy blunt object in the palm of his hand. On examination, the palmar surface of the left hand is swollen, painful to feel, fingers in a bent position, movements are limited. Cannot completely fist your fingers into a fist. The skin of the brush is not damaged.
DS. Bruised palmar surface of the left hand.
Contusio faciei anterioris manus sinistrae.
The victim complained of a feeling of compression and pain in the fourth finger of the left hand. He asks to remove the ring from his finger, which causes great inconvenience.
A metal ring is tightly worn on the main phalanx of the fourth finger of the left hand. Below the ring, the finger is swollen, somewhat bluish. Due to edema, movements are limited. Sensitivity saved in full.
DS. Compression by a foreign object (ring) 4 fingers of the left hand.
Compressio digiti quarti manus sinistrae per corporem alienum (per anulum).
The victim hammered a nail into the wall and hit the nail phalanx of the second finger of the left hand with a hammer.
The nail phalanx of the second finger is swollen, soreness when feeling. In the center of the nail plate there is a subungual hematoma of a crimson-cyanotic oval shape about 1 cm in size. The nail does not exfoliate.
DS. Subungual hematoma of the II finger of the left hand.
Haematoma subunguinalis digiti secundi manus sinistrae.
A teenager in a physical education lesson at school hit his right hand on a sports equipment. On the back surface of the middle phalanx of the 3 fingers of the right hand there is a subcutaneous hematoma. The finger is swollen, painful to feel. Bending is limited. The skin is not damaged. The load along the axis of the finger is painless.
DS. Bruise of the middle phalanx III finger of the right hand.
Contusio phalangis medialis digiti tertii manus dextrae.
Locksmith cleaned up the workplace. Damaged the right brush with technical debris (chips, small glass fragments). The skin of the right hand is stained with fuel oil and oil paint. On the palmar surface there are many small abrasions and wounds. Bleeding from them is insignificant.
DS. Multiple wounds and abrasions of the right hand.
Vulnera multiplices et excoriationes manus dextrae.
The victim was cut with a shard of broken window glass. On the back surface of the right hand, a shallow wound about 4 cm long with smooth edges, bleeds moderately. The sensitivity and motor function of the fingers of the damaged hand are saved.
DS. A cut wound to the dorsum of the right hand.
Vulnus incisivum faciei dorsalis manus dextrae.
The victim was stabbed in the fray. The back surface of the left hand is damaged. With an external examination of the back surface of the brush in the areaII the metacarpal bone has a cut wound about 1.5 cm long. In the depths of the wound, the peripheral end of the crossed tendon is visible. The wound bleeds moderately.II the finger is bent. The patient cannot unbend it on his own.
DS. Extensor tendon damage II finger of the left hand.
Laesio tendinis musculi extensoris digiti secundi manus sinistrae.
The victim received a sharp blow with the opening door on the straightened tense fingers of the left hand. The resulting nail phalanxIII finger sharply bent and as if “hung”. On the back surfaceIII finger of the left hand in the distal interphalangeal joint there is a small swelling, with palpation is moderately painful. The nail phalanx is bent and does not unbend independently. Passive movements saved.
DS. Extensor tendon rupture III finger of the left hand.
Ruptura tendinis musculi extensoris digiti tertii manus sinistrae.
The young victim worked with a shovel without hands in the garden. As a result of prolonged friction of the shovel handle on the palm surface, a callus formed on the right hand. On the palm of the hand, the surface layer of the skin exfoliated and a tense red bubble formed around it, about 2 cm in size, filled with liquid. The bubble is not opened, palpation is painful.
DS. Callus palmar surface of the right hand.
Clavus faciei palmaris manus dextrae.
The victim, defending himself from a knife strike, grabbed the knife with his right hand by the blade. The attacker forcefully pulled him out of the victim's hand. As a result, a deep wound formed on the palmar surface of the right hand.
On the palmar surface, a deep transverse wound 4 cm long with smooth edges and severe bleeding. In the depths of the wound, in the areaIII finger, the peripheral end of the tendon is visible, there is no central end in the wound.III the finger is extended and there are no active flexions of the terminal and middle phalanges. With passive bending, the finger again extends independently. Sensitivity saved.
DS. Dissection of the superficial and deep flexor tendon III finger of the right hand.
Dissecatio tendinum superficialis et profundae flexoris digiti tertii manus dextrae.
According to the mother, the child fell on an outstretched arm, while the brush turned upside down. Concerned about pain in the left wrist joint. At the external examination, there is swelling of the back surface of the wrist joint, severe pain when the hand is bent. The axial load of the forearm is painless. On palpation of the wrist, the child feels pain.
DS. Sprain of the left wrist joint.
Distorsio articulationis radiocarpalis sinistrae.
The victim injured the back of the forearm with a shard of broken glass when he took out the window frame.
On the back surface of the lower third of the left forearm there is a wound with smooth edges and moderate bleeding, 5 cm long. The sensitivity and motor function of the fingers are fully preserved.
DS. A cut wound on the dorsum of the left forearm.
Vulnus incisivum faciei dorsalis antebrachii sinistri.
Suffered for 18 years with the aim of suicide, she stabbed herself with a blade on the flexion surface of her left forearm.
Satisfactory condition, clear consciousness. The skin is pale. Heart rate of 85 per minute. The pulse is weak. HELL 90/50 mm Hg In the lower third of the left forearm, a cut wound is located transversely, about 4 cm long with smooth edges. The wound gapes widely, dark red blood slowly flows from it in a continuous stream. Near the wound are several parallel shallow skin abrasions.
DS. A cut wound of the left forearm with venous bleeding, signs of acute anemia.
Vulnus incisivum antebrachii sinistri cum haemorrhagia venosa, signa anaemiae acutae.
During the chopping of firewood, an ax flew off a victim from an ax and injured his left forearm with a point. Upon external examination, on the front surface of the left forearm in the middle third, a deep chopped wound directed across the forearm about 4 cm long, with even edges. The wound gapes widely and bleeds profusely. The brush is in an extended position, there are no active flexion movements. In the depths of the wound, the ends of the dissected muscle are determined - the radial flexor of the wrist.
DS. Chopped wound of the left forearm with damage to the muscles of the flexor of the wrist.
Vulnus scissum antebrachii sinistri cum laesione traumatica musculi flexoris carpi radialis.
A teenager while rollerblading behind a truck fell on the asphalt, with his left hand outstretched. The blow fell on the forearm. In the middle third of the left forearm there is a large wound with uneven edges. The skin on the palmar surface of the forearm is torn off. In places, skin flaps are separated from the underlying tissue and hang down, part of the skin is lost.
DS. Patchwork wound of the middle third of the left forearm.
Vulnus panniculatum tertiae medialis antebrachii sinistri.
A 14-year-old schoolboy tried to pet a stray dog, she bit him and ran away. When examining the right forearm on the dorsum in the lower third, several deep, irregularly shaped wounds with imprints of teeth. The wounds are contaminated with the saliva of the animal, bleed moderately.
DS. Bite wound of the right forearm.
Vulnus morsum antebrachii dextri.
The young woman, when trying to commit suicide, stuck one branch of scissors in her left elbow fossa, and closed the second branch. Thus, she cut the vessels in the ulnar fossa. Soon, a neighbor in a communal apartment rendered assistance to the victim: she put a tight roller in the elbow fossa and bent her arm as much as possible, called the ambulance. In the left ulnar fossa, a stab-wound about 2 cm long with smooth edges. Blood flows from the wound with a pulsating jet of bright red color. The patient is pale, covered with cold sweat, indifferent to the environment, complains of dizziness and dry mouth. The pulse is frequent, weak, blood pressure below normal.
DS. Stab wound of the left elbow fossa with arterial bleeding and acute anemia.
Vulnus punctoincisum fossae cubitalis cum haemorrhagia arteriale et anemia acuta.
The victim, 18 years old during field work, was bitten by a tick in her right forearm. Objectively: on the front surface of the middle third of the right forearm, the head and chest of the tick are firmly embedded in the skin, and the abdomen, filled with blood, protrudes outward. Around the tick, the skin is slightly hyperemic, the wound is slightly painful.
DS. Tick \u200b\u200bbite of the right forearm.
Punctum acari antebrachii dextri.
A man was shot from a pistol from a distance of about 20 meters. Damaged right hand. Delivered to the hospital trauma unit. When examining the right hand on the palm surface there is a through gunshot wound. The entrance wound is funnel-like concave and located in the hypotenar region; the exit wound is in the base of the 1st finger, the edges are twisted, uneven, and bleed moderately. Motor and sensory function of 1 and 5 fingers is impaired. The bones are not damaged.
DS. Through gunshot wound of soft tissues of the palmar surface of the right hand.
Vulnus sclopetarium bifore textuum mollium faciei palmaris manus dextrae.
The young man hit his hard shoulder with his left shoulder during an accident. 1 hour after the injury, the victim turned to the emergency room. Objectively: in the region of the left deltoid muscle there is a wound with uneven, crushed edges, about 5 cm long. Moderately severe bleeding. Around the wound, non-viable tissue is a zone of necrosis of a purplish-cyanotic color. The motor and sensitive functions of the shoulder joint are fully preserved. The wound is heavily contaminated with soil and scraps of clothing.
DS. Bruised wound of the left shoulder joint.
Vulnus contusum regionis articulationis humeri sinistrae.
Chest - Thorax
A teenager got hit with a heavy blunt object in the chest. Turned to the emergency room. On external examination on the chest on the right in the areaV, VI and VII the ribs along the clavicle-clavicular line determines the swelling and small subcutaneous hematoma. Palpation of this area is painful, there is no crepitation. The rise of the right hand and the lateral tilts of the trunk are not painful. A deep breath is painful, but possible.
DS. Contusion of the right side of the chest.
Contusio dimidii dextri thoracis.
The victim was sitting on the windowsill, was injured by a large fragment of broken window glass. Objectively: on the back below the left shoulder blade there is a shallow wound about 5 cm long with smooth edges, bleeds moderately. The bottom of the wound is subcutaneous fat.
DS. The cut wound of the left subscapular region.
Vulnus incisivum regionis subscapularis sinistri.
A young man was taken to the trauma unit of the hospital with a gunshot wound to the right side of the chest. Objectively: on the front wall of the chest in the region of 6-7 ribs on the right along the midclavicular line there is an inlet of the gunshot wound with funnel-shaped edges. On the back, slightly lower than the lower corner of the right shoulder blade, there is a second wound of significantly larger sizes (outlet). The condition is serious. The wounded is restless, pale, cyanotic. Complains of coughing, chest pain. Respiration is frequent, shallow. Blood pressure is reduced, heart rate is frequent. Through the wounds (entrance and exit) bleeding bubbles are released. When inhaling, air passes through them with a characteristic whistling sound. Breathing on the damaged side is not detected. The victim has severe respiratory failure.
DS. Through gunshot wound to the right half of the chest. Open pneumothorax.
Vulnus sclopetarium bifore dimidii dextri thoracis. Pneumothorax apertus.
The young man received a stab in the chest. When examining the chest in the left axillary line between the 5th and 6th ribs, there is a small stab wound about 1.5 cm long. Due to the retraction of the pectoral muscles, the external wound is closed. There is no further air flow through the wound into the pleural cavity. The patient has shortness of breath, slight cyanosis. During auscultation, respiratory sounds on the left are significantly attenuated, tympanic sound is determined percussion here.
DS. Penetrating wound of the left half of the chest. Closed pneumothorax.
Vulnus penetrans dimidii sinistri thoracis. Pneumothorax clausus.
During unloading, the scrap metal was hit in the side with a heavy metal blank. Complaints of pain at the site of injury, thirst, vomiting. In the right hypochondrium, subcutaneous hemorrhages are visible. Muscle defense in the upper abdomen on the right. The skin is pale, blood pressure is low. Respiration is frequent, shallow, tachycardia. The abdomen is swollen, a symptom of Shchetkin in the right hypochondrium is positive. Percussion is determined by an increase in the liver.
DS. Dull chest injury with liver damage.
Trauma obtusum thoracis cum laesione traumatica hepatis.
The man in the quarry was filled up with sand. Was under the blockage for about 30 minutes. The chest was crushed. Delivered to the department of thoracic surgery. The patient is inhibited. Complains of chest pain, tinnitus, impaired vision and hearing. The skin of the upper half of the chest, head and neck has a bright red color with multiple point hemorrhages. With auscultation in the lungs, a large number of wet rales is determined.
DS. Compression of the chest. Traumatic asphyxia.
Compressio thoracis. Asphyxia traumatica.
A victim of 20 years in a street fight was stabbed in the back.
During an external examination in the region of the IV thoracic vertebra, a stab wound, from which together with the blood flows the cerebrospinal fluid. Spastic paralysis of the right lower limb with a loss of deep and partly tactile sensitivity is noted. On the left side, severe pain and temperature anesthesia developed below the level of the wound.
DS. Stab wound of the thoracic spine with damage to the spinal cord.
Vulnus punctoincisivum partis thoracalis columnae vertebralis cum laesione medullae spinalis.
A middle-aged man was dismantling an old house, and the ceiling collapsed on it. Large pieces of boards, bars, earth fell on his back and crushed the victim.
An external examination of the back has a subcutaneous hematoma located along the spinous processes of 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 thoracic vertebrae. Palpation of the area of \u200b\u200binjury is painful. There are no obvious signs of a spinal fracture. Neurological symptoms are absent. The patient was hospitalized for observation. By the end of the first day, health gradually began to deteriorate. Tinea radicular pains appeared. Then conduction disturbances began to develop (paresis, turning into paralysis, hypesthesia, anesthesia, urinary retention). In the future, bedsores and ascending cystopyelonephritis, congestive pneumonia appeared.
DS. Compression of the spinal cord with an epidural hematoma in the thoracic spine.
Compressio medullae spinalis haematomate epidurale in partem thoracicam columnae vertebralis.
Belly - Abdomen
The patient was taken to the clinic with an abdominal injury. Complaints of pain in the area of \u200b\u200binjury and vomiting of blood. Upon external examination, a large wound gapes in the epigastric region with a loop of the small intestine, part of the omentum and part of the damaged wall of the stomach falling out.
DS. Penetrating wound of the anterior abdominal wall with eventuation and wounding of the stomach.
Vulnus parietis anterioris abdominis penetrans cum eventeratione et vulneratione traumatica ventriculi.
A 60-year-old man was delivered to the abdominal surgery clinic, who, according to random passers-by, fell from the balcony of the third floor. The patient is unconscious, the skin is pale. The pulse is frequent, filiform, blood pressure 70/50 mm RT. Art. Breathing shallow, frequent. The number of red blood cells and the value of hemoglobin are significantly reduced. In the operating room, the patient received 1000 ml of single-group blood. HELL increased to 90/60 mm RT. Art. The patient regained consciousness and began to complain of severe abdominal pain. After 20 minutes, blood pressure decreased again, and the victim lost consciousness. The volume of the abdomen has noticeably increased. Between the palms placed on the lateral surfaces of the abdomen, fluctuation is determined.
DS. Rupture of the spleen, rupture of the mesenteric vessels. Traumatic shock.
Raptura lienis, ruptura vasorum mesentericorum. Afflictus traumaticus.
Delivered to the clinic of abdominal surgery after an accident. Concerned about severe pain throughout the abdomen. On examination, a bruised wound was found on the anterior abdominal wall to the right of the navel. The patient lies motionless on his side with his knees raised to his stomach, and does not allow him to touch the abdominal wall. Touch intensifies the pain, and light pressure causes abdominal tension. On palpation, the abdomen is plankly tense. Symptom Shchetkina-Blumberg positive. Auscultatory peristalsis is not determined. There is no stool, no gas escapes, little urine is released. The patient is tormented by frequent vomiting. He periodically loses consciousness, does not respond to others, is reluctant to answer questions. Respiration is frequent, shallow. Pulse of small filling, frequent. The tongue is dry, coated with a white coating. Body temperature 38.5 C.
DS. Penetrating wound to the abdomen. Rupture of the small intestine. Spilled peritonitis.
Vulnus abdominis penetrans.Ruptura intestini tenuae. Peritonitis diffusa.
The patient was taken to the clinic with a gunshot wound to the right hypochondrium. On the front wall of the abdomen in the region of the right hypochondrium there is a gunshot wound with uneven funnel-shaped edges. Blood and bile are liberated abundantly from the wound. Defination in the right hypochondrium and a positive symptom of Shchetkin-Blumberg are determined. The abdomen is swollen. Blood pressure is low, the pulse is threadlike, frequent. Pale skin
DS. A gunshot wound to the abdomen with damage to the liver and bile ducts.
Vulnus abdominis sclopetarium cum laesione hepatis et ductuum choledochorum.
A police officer while stabbing a criminal received a stab wound in the stomach. On examination, the stomach is involved in the act of breathing. On the front wall of the abdomen there is a stab wound about 2 cm long, 3 cm to the left of the umbilical ring. There is a slight swelling in the wound area, palpation of the abdomen is painful only at the site of damage. The tension of the abdominal muscles is determined only within the wound. Peritoneal symptoms, vomiting, flatulence, increased heart rate are absent. The body temperature is normal.
DS. Stab-cut wound of the anterior abdominal wall.
Vulnus punctoincisivum parietis anterioris abdominis.
Loin - Regio lumbalis
The young man was taken to the urology department. According to the victim, he was kicked in the lumbar region. As a result of the injury, severe back pain appeared. When viewed in the lumbar region on the right there is a swelling, subcutaneous bruising. Urine is intensely stained with blood (hematuria). Pulse and blood pressure are within normal limits. The patient underwent a survey radiography of the kidneys and excretory urography with iv administration of a radiopaque substance.
DS. Closed subcapsular rupture of the right kidney.
Ruptura renis dextri clausa subcapsularis.
The victim received a stab in the lower back during a fight. Concerned about pain at the site of injury. In the lumbar region to the left of the spine, 5 cm below the 12th rib there is a stab wound about 2 cm long. Intensive bleeding from the wound. Macrohematuria. There is no urine in the bloody discharge from the wound. General condition is satisfactory.
DS. Stab-cut wound of the lumbar region with damage to the left kidney.
Vulnus punctoincisivum regionis lumbalis cum laesione traumatica renis sinistri.
Genitals - Organa genitalia
A 35-year-old woman was struck by her husband in the pubic area. The victim contacted the emergency room 2 days after the injury. Complains of pain at the site of the bruise. Objectively: the pubic region and the right labia majora are swollen. A crimson-cyanotic color of the subcutaneous hematoma is determined. Blood thickens in the thickness of the bruised tissues. The pelvic bones are intact to the touch. Urination is normal, there is no blood in the urine. The function of the lower extremities is fully preserved.
DS. Contusion of the external genitalia.
Contusio organorum genitaliorum externorum.
Hip - femur
The young man received a stab wound to his right thigh. The victim lies on his right side, underneath is a pool of blood. The face is pale, the pulse is frequent, weak filling. Consciousness saved. On the front surface of the right thigh just below the inguinal fold, there is a stab-cut wound, from which scarlet blood is ejected with pulsating shocks.
DS. Stab wound of the right thigh with arterial bleeding.
Vulnus punctoincisivum femoris dextri cum haemorrhagia arteriale.
The man is 47 years old. Complaints of pain in the wound area, fever in the body.
According to the patient, about a day ago, he injured his leg on a wooden leg of a chair. I didn’t handle the wound. Today there are pains in the wound area and fever in the body. According to him, almost every day (except today) uses alcohol. Suffers from epilepsy. He does not receive treatment for epilepsy. The working blood pressure does not know. For 10 years, he was not vaccinated against tetanus. Vulnus infectiosum tertiae inferioris femoris sinistri. Knee, Shin - Genu, crus
An elderly woman suffered a knee injury in the fall. Concerned about pain in the knee joint. The right knee joint is increased in volume, its contours are smoothed. With palpation, fluid is determined, the patella runs with pressure. The movements of the right knee joint are somewhat limited and painful. The leg is in a bent position.
DS. Bruise, hemarthrosis of the right knee joint.
Contusio, haemarthrosis articulationis genus dextrae.
A 20-year-old man was injured in a freestyle wrestling training. The partner crushed his leg, straightened in the right knee joint with his body. The blow fell on the inner side of the joint. A victim turned to the emergency room a day later with complaints of pain in the area of \u200b\u200binjury and instability in the knee joint when walking.
Objectively. The right knee joint is edematous, its contours are smoothed, bruising is visible from the inside, palpation of the inner condyle of the thigh is painful. When straightening a leg in the knee joint, an excessive deviation of the lower leg to the outside is noted and the volume of its external rotation is significantly increased. Flexion and extension in the knee joint is not limited.
DS. Rupture of the inner lateral ligament of the right knee joint.
Ruptura ligamenti collateralis tibialis articulationis genus dextrae.
At the wrestling competitions, the young man experienced a sharp “excess” in the knee joint. As a result, something crunched in the knee joint and severe pain appeared. The victim did not apply for help, bandaged the knee with an elastic bandage. After 5 days, he turned to the trauma unit. Instability in the left knee joint while walking is disturbing. Difficult to climb stairs. The patient cannot sit on his left foot. Examination of the left knee joint revealed excessive mobility of the lower leg when it is advanced anteriorly to the thigh (symptom of the “front drawer”). The leg was bent at a right angle in the knee joint and relaxed. On the radiograph, the fracture is not detected.
DS. Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament of the left knee joint.
Ruptura ligamenti cruciati anterii articulationis genus sinistrae.
The man, rubbing the floor with a brush worn on his right leg, abruptly turned his body with a fixed lower leg. After that I felt a sharp pain in my right knee joint. Concerned about pain in the knee joint, aggravated by the descent from the stairs. On examination, the right knee joint is edematous, hemarthrosis. Full extension of the knee joint is impossible, since pain appears in its depths. When feeling the joint, local pain is noted at the level of the joint space between the patellar ligaments and the internal lateral ligament of the knee joint. When flexion-extensor movements in a damaged joint, a clicking sound is heard. There are no bone lesions on the radiograph of the knee joint. A history of psoriasis for many years. Familiar blood pressure 130/80 mm
Objectively: The condition is satisfactory. Consciousness is clear. HELL 140/80 mm. RT Art.
Heart rate \u003d 90 per minute. On the left lower leg in the lower third - a bandage bandage soaked in blood, above the bandage - a rubber band. The skin of the foot is cyanotic. On the skin of the limbs and trunk - psoriatic plaques from 0.5 to 1.5 cm, sometimes merging. After removing the tourniquet and dressing, dark blood flows from a small wound on the inner surface of the lower leg with a thin stream.
Ds.Venous bleeding from the left leg.
Haemorrhagia venosa ex crure sinistro.
Help. An aseptic pressure bandage has been applied. Transportation to the surgical department.
Ankle, foot - Articulatio talocruralis, pes
While walking, the victim turned up her leg (the high heel fell into the crevice, and the right foot turned inside). There was pain in the outer ankle. The victim turned to the emergency room. When examining the right ankle joint, swelling is noted on the outer surface of the foot and below the outer ankle. Pain on palpation is also noted here. The movements in the ankle joint are fully preserved, painful. Palpation of the external ankle is painless.
DS. Stretching of the external lateral ligament of the right ankle joint.
Distorsio ligamenti talofibularis anterii dextri.
