Stool analysis for coprogram (coprogram, general analysis of stool, clinical analysis of stool) is a laboratory study of stool, during which it is possible to assess the state of the human digestive system. The coprogram includes the determination of the physical properties of feces (macroscopic examination), its chemical composition and microscopic examination.
Feces are a collection of undigested food debris, as well as waste products of the body, which are released into the external environment from the distal intestines during the act of defecation. The specific smell of feces is due to the presence of volatile substances (hydrogen sulfide, indole, skatole, etc.) in them. The color of feces is due to the presence of stercobilin and other bile pigments in them. About 30% of the dry mass of feces is occupied by microorganisms that belong to the normal intestinal microflora.
Coprogram is not prescribed in the presence of bleeding hemorrhoids, after colonoscopy and radiological examination, for women during menstruation.
The coprogram can be carried out for prophylactic purposes (for example, during pregnancy), as part of a comprehensive diagnosis of diseases of the digestive system, as well as to assess the treatment. The analysis is part of a set of studies that are carried out for children with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
How to donate feces for coprogram correctly
You should consult your doctor before testing. The specialist will explain how to properly prepare and collect the material, what this analysis shows, how much is valid, how long the result is ready. The conditions for preparation and delivery, as well as the amount of material required for analysis, may differ in different laboratories.
Before the study, it may be necessary to cancel the medications taken (laxatives, iron, bismuth, enzymes, barium sulfate, rectal suppositories, etc.). On this account, you should also consult with the doctor who wrote the referral for the analysis.
Coprogram is not prescribed in the presence of bleeding hemorrhoids, after colonoscopy and radiological examination, for women during menstruation.
Do not collect material for research after enemas or laxatives.
Colour
Bilirubin
Bilirubin can be found in feces with increased intestinal peristalsis, accelerated evacuation of intestinal contents, dysbiosis.
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- This is the result of a diagnostic study known under several names: coprology, coproscopy, general analysis of feces.
When you have a ready-made coprogram in your hands, decoding can cause difficulties, because opposite the indicators in the form there will be letter abbreviations, numbers or even just pluses and minuses, but what they mean is not clear. Of course, the doctor will answer your questions, but almost any person is interested in understanding the examination results himself. We will help you with this and tell you in an accessible language about how to correctly pass the coprogram, what this diagnostic procedure shows, who needs it, what are the norms for the general analysis of feces in children and adults, and what deviations from healthy indicators may indicate. But we want to emphasize that the information provided does not replace a medical consultation, especially in the presence of serious discomfort.
As part of a scatological study, the following types of feces properties are gradually assessed:
Chemical - acid-base reaction of feces, the presence of occult blood, bile pigments and soluble proteins in them;
Microscopic - the presence of detritus, starch, fatty acids, connective tissue, leukocytes, erythrocytes, fungi and other components.
Based on these parameters, the doctor can assess the functional status of the patient's gastrointestinal tract - how well the food is digested, whether it is moving correctly, whether nutrients are absorbed in the required volume. In addition, the stool coprogram allows one to suspect an inflammatory or oncological process in the digestive system, disruption of the pancreas, liver, stomach and intestines, the presence of stones in the gallbladder, diverticula, esophageal varices and many other pathologies.
Indications for scatological examination
It is imperative that you see your doctor for a stool test referral if you have any of the following symptoms:
-
Decoding coprograms in children and adults
Now let's take a quick look at each of the indicators in the table and outline the possible causes of deviations from the norm. But first, let us emphasize once again that this is the task of a qualified doctor, especially if we take into account the fact that the results of a scatological study, without taking into account symptoms, medical history and data from other tests, mean little and cannot serve as a basis for making a final diagnosis.
Daily volume
The daily volume of feces varies depending on the nature of the diet: it increases from the abundance of raw plant food, and from the predominance of protein products (meat, fish, eggs) - decreases, but in any case, the amount of feces allocated by a person per day should be within norms indicated in the table.
An increase in the amount of feces - reasons:
Strengthening intestinal peristalsis;
Decrease in the amount of feces - reasons:
Malnutrition;
Consistency
The consistency of feces is influenced, first of all, by the content of water in them. Normally, the decoding of the coprogram indicates a fully formed, cylindrical stool in children and adults - this happens if the feces are 70-75% liquid. The exception is babies: if the mother is breastfeeding the baby, his feces will be mushy, and if the baby eats an artificial milk mixture, the feces take on the appearance of a putty, and this is quite normal.
Abnormal stool consistency - causes:
Very hard ("sheep") - constipation, stenosis of the large intestine or spasms of its walls;
Dark brown - constipation, excess protein food or a violation of the process of its digestion, dyspepsia;
Light brown - excess plant foods, irritable bowel syndrome, increased peristalsis;
Red-brown - ulcerative colitis;
Light yellow - pancreatitis;
Undigested food
The feces of a healthy person should normally be free of undigested food particles. If present, especially in large quantities, it is an alarm signal that indicates a serious malfunction of the stomach, pancreas or liver.
In infants, a small amount of mucus may be present in the feces, but it should be transparent and barely noticeable. For older children and adults, the presence of mucus in the stool is a deviation from the norm and a sign of trouble.
Mucus in the feces - causes:
Hemorrhoids;
Intestinal polyposis or diverticulosis;
Cystic fibrosis;
Celiac disease;
Malabsorption syndrome;
Lactase deficiency;
Acute intestinal infection;
Irritable Bowel Syndrome.
Blood
Neither in adults nor in children, when decoding a coprogram, blood should not appear in feces - this is an extremely undesirable sign, indicating the presence of a serious pathology of the digestive tract. Depending on what kind of blood is, in what volume and when it is released, you can make assumptions about the causes of the problem.
Blood in the stool - causes:
Scarlet blood on toilet paper or on top of feces - hemorrhoids, anal fissure;
Blood streaks - ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, colon cancer;
Blood in loose stools - dysentery and other intestinal infections;
Mucus with blood - paraproctitis, ulcerative colitis, polyposis, diverticulosis;
Blood stains on underwear - rectal cancer;
Profuse bleeding from the anus - ischemic colitis, damage to the hemorrhoid.
Pus
The presence of purulent inclusions in feces in infants, older children or adults is a gross deviation from the norms of the coprogram and, most often, indicates the presence of an inflammatory process in the digestive tract. In this case, an additional examination is necessary, aimed at establishing the cause and exact localization of inflammation, as well as the specific type of pathogens.
Acidity, pH
Infants have a slightly acidic or acidic reaction of feces due to the fact that the basis of their diet is mother's milk or artificial milk formula. Older children and adults have neutral feces. An excess of carbohydrate food or its poor digestion can shift this indicator to the acidic side, and protein to the alkaline side.
Stool acidity disorders - causes:
Alkaline (pH 8.0-8.5) - pancreatitis, colitis, constipation;
Slightly alkaline (pH 7.5-8.0) - disruption of the small intestine;
Strongly alkaline (pH above 8.5) - putrid dyspepsia;
Strongly acidic (pH below 5.5) - fermentative dyspepsia.
Hidden blood
The fecal occult blood reaction should be negative. If this is not the case, then it is possible that a person has erosive gastritis, stomach ulcer, ulcerative colitis, diverticulosis, hemorrhoids, or even a malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract - the list of diagnoses can be very long and varied. Therefore, a positive result when decoding a coprogram becomes a reason for an in-depth examination of the patient.
Normally, the intestinal microflora processes the bile pigment bilirubin and converts it into stercobilin. However, in babies under 6 months, the body is only colonized by bacteria, and a healthy balance is formed between them. Therefore, the presence of a small amount of bilirubin in feces in infants is a normal variant, while for adults it is already a serious deviation.
Bilirubin in feces - causes:
Irritable bowel syndrome;
Enhanced peristalsis and accelerated evacuation of feces;
Intestinal dysbiosis as a result of prolonged antibacterial therapy.
Stercobilin
This substance is the result of the processing of bilirubin by intestinal bacteria and causes the characteristic brown color of stool. A person excretes 75 to 350 mg of stercobilin per day. The infant's coprogram may show lower values. But in an adult, this indicator should be within the established norm.
Stercobilin in feces is increased - reasons:
Hypersecretion of bile;
Hemolytic anemia.
Stercobilin in feces is lowered - reasons:
-
Cholangitis;
Obstructive jaundice.
Pancreatitis;
Soluble protein
When decoding the coprogram, the indicator of the presence of soluble protein in the feces should be negative, both in infants and older children, and in adult patients. If the result is positive, this indicates putrefactive dyspepsia or an inflammatory process in the digestive tract (gastritis, enterocolitis, pancreatitis).
Detritus
The term "detritus" denotes a collection of the smallest particles of digested food, as well as intestinal epithelial cells, bacteria and their waste products, salts, toxins and other components normally subject to regular evacuation from the body. Doctors consider detritus to be something like a coefficient of efficiency of digestion - the more of this substance in the feces, the better.
Ammonia
In healthy infants, the decoding of the coprogram shows the absence of ammonia in the feces, and in older children and adults, this compound can be present in the feces at a minimum concentration (20-40 mmol / kg), and this is the norm. If there is a lot of ammonia in the feces, this indicates problems with the digestion of protein foods, the presence of putrefactive dyspepsia or colitis.
Starch
This complex carbohydrate in healthy people is completely degraded during the process of moving through the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, starch in feces should be absent, both in children and adults. If the decoding of the coprogram suggests otherwise, then the person has pancreatitis, gastritis with low acidity, or fermentative dyspepsia.
Neutral fats
Triglycerides are an important source of energy, therefore, normally they should be completely processed and absent in feces. In infants, it is permissible to have a small amount of neutral fats in the feces, because the enzymatic activity of the gastrointestinal tract has not yet reached the required level, but this is only a matter of time. If triglycerides are found in the coprogram in an adult or a child over 1 year old, then this indicates a malfunction of the pancreas, liver, gallbladder or small intestine.
These substances are the result of the processing of neutral fats, but can also be contained directly in food. One way or another, fatty acids in the body of a healthy person are completely processed, which means that they should not be present in feces. With a significant deviation from the norm, pancreatitis, as well as liver or biliary tract disease, can be suspected. In infants, fatty acids can be detected in small quantities in feces due to the defective enzymatic activity of the pancreas.
Soap
The result of the processing of fats in the gastrointestinal tract are soap compounds that are present in the feces of people of any age, including infants, and this is the norm of the coprogram. If the deciphering of the study results indicates the absence of soap in the stool, this indicates problems with the pancreas or liver, or the presence of stones in the gallbladder.
Digestible plant fiber
Plant fibers are divided into two conditional categories: those that a person can digest, and those that cannot. These include the hard peel of the fruit, nut husks, and hard veins of plants. And all the fiber that the body is able to assimilate should be absent in the feces. If it is present there, then the digestive tract is not coping, or the person consumes too many raw vegetables and fruits.
Muscle and connective tissue fibers
Fragments of muscle fibers and connective tissues are one of the products of protein food processing - meat, fish, poultry, seafood. According to the norms for decoding the coprogram, a small amount of such inclusions can be found in the feces in children and adults, but the fewer, the better, because this indicates the good work of the enzymatic digestive organs.
Leukocytes
These are immune cells, the presence of which in the stool indicates an inflammatory process in the gastrointestinal tract. Nevertheless, the presence of single cells in the field of view during the scatological examination is permissible. A significant amount of leukocytes in the feces is an alarming signal. This situation requires further examination.
Yeast fungi
Microorganisms of this type are conditionally pathogenic flora and are normally present in the intestines of healthy people of any age. However, if yeast fungi are found in the stool, this means that their colonies have multiplied excessively, respectively, in a person dysbiosis. This often happens, for example, after taking antibiotics. Preparations containing live bifidobacteria and lactobacilli will help to solve the problem.
Pathogenic flora
This category includes the causative agents of dysentery, salmonellosis and other intestinal infections. Of course, normally, the decoding of the coprogram confirms the complete absence of these dangerous bacteria in the feces. If they are found, the patient needs antibiotic therapy, which will be prescribed by the attending physician.
Take care of yourself and be healthy!
Education: Moscow Medical Institute. IM Sechenov, specialty - "General Medicine" in 1991, in 1993 "Occupational Diseases", in 1996 "Therapy".
Abdominal pain - girdle, in the epigastrium, in the upper or lower abdomen, in the right or left hypochondrium. The nature and cyclical nature of pain do not matter - even mild discomfort in the liver, stomach, intestines or pancreas should prompt you for an examination, especially if they do not have an obvious cause and often recur;
Strange appearance, smell, color of stool, their abnormal volume, presence of suspicious inclusions;
Blood stains, pus, or mucus on underwear adjacent to the anus, or soreness, itching, or foreign body sensation in the rectum;
The need to monitor the state of the gastrointestinal tract against the background of treatment, before diagnostic manipulation, surgery or for prophylactic purposes (preferably annually);
Stool coprogram is a comprehensive analysis of the ability of the digestive organs of the gastrointestinal tract.
Stool coprogram is a procedure that makes it possible to conduct a mechanical, physical and chemical examination of human stool in a laboratory setting.
After the study, the specialist can give a description of the feces, which in turn reveals all the deviations from the norm, and the causes of the deviations.
The analysis of feces for a coprogram allows specialists to determine violations in the secret function of the stomach, pancreas, and intestines, and to identify inflammatory processes in the digestive tract, and processes of malabsorption, various dysbiosisWe will determine what feces are, and why it is necessary to analyze them.
What is stool coprogram
Feces are the final form of food that has been processed by the human body.
Feces are formed as a result of the movement of products along the digestive tract, and as a result of its color, consistency and composition, one can judge the state of the internal organs of a person.
If a person has problems in the body, it is the stool coprogram that can give clear answers to questions about which organs need treatment.
With the help of a stool coprogram, doctors can identify diseases of the colon and small intestine, gallbladder, pancreas, and stomach.
The study also makes it possible to assess the level of the stomach's ability to perform its functions, and to produce enzymes for better digestion and absorption of food.
Indications for appointment
If a person feels discomfort in the gastrointestinal tract or any pain, then the doctor directs him to the feces coprogram.
There are a number of diseases in which a stool coprogram is provided, such diseases include:
- hemorrhoids;
- ulcers of the stomach and duodenum;
- cirrhosis of the liver;
- amoebic dysentery;
Acute intestinal infections:
- Salmonellosis;
- cholera;
- colon polyps;
- malignant swelling;
- anemia and many other pathologies.
If a person has abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, bleeding with feces, heartburn and other symptoms, then this indicates a disturbance in the digestive tract, and may be a good reason for prescribing a stool coprogram.
If a person has helminthiasis or poisoning, then a feces analysis is prescribed according to a coprogram. This method allows you to quickly diagnose and identify all causative agents of the disease.
Stool coprogram is prescribed for children with suspicion of worms, various allergic reactions, as well as with.
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We can say that the stool coprogram is irreplaceable in the diagnosis of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
This analysis allows the doctor to make a preliminary diagnosis of the patient and prescribe an effective treatment.
Preparation for research
Before the coprogram, it is necessary to give up antibiotics, exotic fruits and dyes In order to prepare for the study, you must adhere to simple rules, and then the analysis will be accurate.
It is imperative to stop taking antibiotics a week before the coprogram, as well as medications that may contain iron and bismuth.
If a person undergoes an X-ray, then the barium content in his body can affect the coprogram, so it should not be taken within 10 days.
Also, a week before the coprogram, you must adhere to a certain diet, and not eat any exotic fruits.
For a few days, it is necessary to refuse products that contain a coloring matter, such products include tomatoes, tomato juice, beets.
And also it is necessary to refrain from fatty and fried foods. It is also worth remembering that women cannot carry out a stool coprogram during menstruation. Having prepared for the study, you can begin to collect feces.
How to collect feces for coprogram
In order to collect feces from an adult for a coprogram, you must adhere to simple recommendations.
At the very beginning, it is imperative to empty the bladder, then conduct a thorough toilet of all genitals, as well as the anal area, for this you should not use soap with a fragrance.
It is worth noting that feces must be taken from different areas so that the analysis is more truthful.
After the feces are collected, it must be closed with a lid. The collected feces must be delivered to the laboratory within 10 hours.
It is also worth remembering that the material can only be used that came out on its own, not with the help of medicines. Also, we must not forget that the feces should be free of mucus and menstrual flow.
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It should be noted that the faster the biomaterial is delivered to the laboratory, the more accurate the result will be.
If it is not possible to deliver feces to the laboratory immediately, then it can be stored in a tightly closed container for no more than 8 hours at a temperature of 5 degrees.
Feces collection for coprogram in children
In order to collect feces from children, you need to remember a few points. If the child already goes to the pot on his own, then the collection process is no different from taking feces from an adult.
The child should also be washed well before taking the test, and the feces should be collected from a clean pot into a container.
But if the child is still small and cannot walk to the potty on his own, then it is necessary to use a hygienic diaper or oilcloth if the child has loose stools.
But if constipation, then you can only stimulate the process of defecation, or in rare cases, put a gas tube that can stimulate the act of defecation.
It is necessary to remember about hygiene before sampling feces, it is worth washing your hands thoroughly and collecting material only in clean dishes.
But regarding the collection of feces from the diaper, doctors do not recommend doing this, because there is a huge amount of flavors in the diaper that can affect the correctness of the results.
How long does the coprogram take
Depending on the laboratory, the coprogram can be done for 2-3 days, and even for 5 to 6 days. All analyzes are individual for each individual laboratory.
Decoding in children
With a stool coprogram, results for children and adults will differ. Consider what should be normal in children.
| Index | Breast-fed young children | Young children, formula-fed | Children over one year old |
|---|---|---|---|
| Quantity (grams per day) | 40 to 50 | 30 to 40 | 100 to 250 |
| Coloration | Yellow, greenish or mustard tint possible | Brown or yellow | Brown |
| Consistency | Gruel | Putty | Decorated (sausage-like) |
| Smell | Slightly sour | Pronounced, putrid | Fecal specific, but sharp |
| PH indicator (acidity) | 4.8 to 5.8 (slightly acidic) | 6.8 to 7.5 (slightly alkaline) | 6 to 8 (slightly alkaline) |
| Slime | Can be detected in low numbers | No | No |
| Leukocytes | May be single | May be single | Single |
| Stercobilin | there is | there is | 75 to 350 mg per day |
| Bilirubin | there is | there is | Should be absent |
| Ammonia (in mmol / kg) | Not determined | Not determined | 20 to 40 |
| Muscle fibers | Can be determined in small quantities | Can be detected in small quantities | Not detected |
| Blood | Not detected | Not detected | Not detected |
| Soluble protein | Not detected | Not detected | Not detected |
| Soap | In a small amount | In a small amount | In small quantities |
| Connective tissue fibers | Not detected | Not detected | Not detected |
| Digestible Fiber | Not detected | Not detected | Not detected |
| Detritus | In different quantities | In different quantities | In different quantities |
| Starch | Not detected | Not detected | Not detected |
| Fatty acid | In low quantities, represented by crystals | Not detected | |
| Neutral fat | In the form of drops | In small quantities | No |
If there is a deviation from the norm according to the results of the coprogram, then this may indicate an inflammatory process in the gastrointestinal tract in the child's body.
What the coprogram shows in adults
General feces tests
Stool biochemistry studies
Microscopic decoding of feces
| The quantity | Value |
|---|---|
| glycolytic muscle fibers, ligaments, cartilage tissue | units in f / z |
| fatty acids, acid crystals, soap, starch | there are no or units in the p / z |
| iodophilic microflora | absent or units in f / z |
| epithelial cells, erythrocytes, leukocytes | absent or units in f / z |
| vegetable fiber | absent |
| helminth eggs | absent |
| cysts of lamblia and other protozoa | absent |
| fungal cells | absent |
| calcium oxalate crystals | absent |
| crystals of phosphate ammonia-magnesia | absent |
Stool analysis for coprogram is a microbiological laboratory study of the chemical composition and physical properties of stool. The results of microscopy make it possible to assess the state of health and the degree of performance of the organs of the digestive system, in particular, to identify:
In addition to the primary diagnosis of pathologies, the coprogram is carried out to control the therapy prescribed earlier.
Study parameters
The coprological analysis technique includes:
The analysis of the chemical composition includes: the Gregersen reaction (occult blood), acid-base balance, reaction to bilirubin, reaction to stercobilin, Vishnyakov-Triboulet test. Macroscopy includes: stool volume, consistency, shape, color, mucus, blood, purulent discharge, undigested food residues.
Microscopy parameters: the presence of muscle fibers and undigested connective tissue, fats, fatty acids, starch, fiber, iodophilic microflora, leukocytes, erythoricites, epithelial cells, helminth eggs, protozoa and fungi, salts.
Indications for the study
Coprological examination is prescribed in several cases: according to the patient's symptomatic complaints (blood in the feces, constant pain and cramps in the abdomen, intense gas formation, constipation (constipation), diarrhea, etc.), as part of the general diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases (gastrointestinal intestinal tract) and, as well as cancer.
In addition, the doctor prescribes an analysis for the alleged pathologies:
- inflammatory lesions of the digestive system;
- venous distention in the rectum and anus (hemorrhoids);
- crohn's disease;
- cirrhosis of the liver;
- oncology and bleeding of the digestive tract;
- colon polyps.
For preventive purposes, the study is not carried out. How much coprogram is done depends on the medical institution where the biomaterial was accepted for analysis. In Moscow and other large cities, the execution time is one day. A general analysis of feces for a coprogram is prescribed in the case when it is assumed:
The value of the research in these cases lies in its efficiency, that is, the ability to quickly detect and identify the pathogen. Small children are prescribed to take feces for scatological microscopy for allergic reactions, colic, as well as for other problems with stool and digestion, in order to diagnose helminthiasis in a timely manner.
Preparation for analysis
To obtain objective research results before collecting feces, the patient needs preliminary preparation. 7 days before the test, you must stop taking medications of the following groups:
- antibiotics;
- laxatives;
- drugs that enhance gastrointestinal motility;
- sorbents (Enterosgel, Activated carbon, Polysorb, etc.);
- preparations and dietary supplements containing iron.
You should not carry out enema procedures and use rectal suppositories. If appointed, colonoscopy, procedures should be postponed. For 3-4 days it is necessary to limit the consumption of sweets, protein foods, exclude from the diet:
- products that cause gas formation (cabbage, legumes, black bread, carbonated drinks);
- fatty foods and fried foods;
- raw vegetables and beets (in any form);
- alcoholic drinks.
Babies are not allowed to introduce new complementary foods before coproscopy (coprogram), this can provoke an allergic reaction. Women do not donate feces for research in the first seven days of the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (period of bleeding).
Important! If the preparation rules are not followed, the result will be uninformative or inaccurate.
Collection of biomaterial
To pass the test correctly, you must follow the instructions for collecting excrement. First of all, you need to purchase a sterile container equipped with a special spoon at the pharmacy. For loose stools, use a pipette. Donating biomaterial in a non-sterile container is prohibited in most laboratories.
Sealed container with a spoon for taking excrement for analysis
The feces should be collected in the morning, just before delivery to the laboratory. The maximum shelf life of excrement is three hours at room temperature and ten hours in the refrigerator (not in the freezer). Freezing or exposure to high temperatures will negatively affect the biomaterial, and the analysis will show an incorrect result.
The process of defecation to collect biomaterial should take place naturally. Cleansing or taking laxative medications is unacceptable. To avoid contamination of the test sample with foreign impurities and bacteria, pieces of feces should not be collected directly from the toilet bowl. It is necessary to use a hygienic diaper, sheets of paper, plastic wrap.
You can use the vessel after washing it out and scalding it with boiling water. The same procedure must be performed with a baby pot if a scatological analysis is assigned to a child. In infants, feces are collected from the diaper, while it is necessary to ensure that parts of the hygienic material do not fall on a sterile spoon. In addition, some diapers contain fragrances that can interfere with the study.
In case of difficult bowel movements, the baby can be given a tummy massage. Immediately before defecation, it is necessary to carry out a hygiene procedure for the anorectal region. After emptying with a sterile spoon, collect feces from three different areas (in this case, the result will be more informative). Fill the container 1/3 full and close the lid tightly.
Important! The biomaterial should not contain urine, menstrual and genital secretions.
Normal indices of the coprogram
In adults and children of middle and older age, the reference values \u200b\u200bof the parameters of the scatological examination are identical. In infants, some indicators differ, which is due to the peculiarities of nutrition and incomplete development of the organs of the digestive tract.
The state of excrement is influenced by the patient's diet, taking medications and vitamins. According to the norm, feces should be formed, have a dense structure, brown color, not contain mucus, pus, blood, and have a characteristic fecal odor. Unprocessed food is allowed only in the form of insoluble fiber.
Table of normative indicators in an adult
| Parameter | Norm |
| consistency | dense |
| smell | characteristic fecal (specific) |
| the form | designed |
| colour | brown (any shade) |
| acidity (Ph) | 6,8–7,6 |
| hidden blood | - |
| slime | traces allowed |
| muscle fibers | moderately |
| neutral fat + fatty acids | - |
| soap (fat residues) | traces allowed |
| leukocytes | - |
| erythrocytes | single |
| stercobilin | + |
| reaction to bilirubin | negatively |
| iodophilic flora | - |
| starch | - |
| destroyed intestinal epithelium (detritus) | traces |
| ammonia | 20-40 mol / kg |
| yeast fungi | - |
| crystals | - |
| protozoa | - |
| helminth eggs | - |
| vegetable fiber | minimally |
| vishnyakuva-Triboulet reaction to protein | negatively |
Table of standard indicators for infants and children over a year
Possible deviations from the norm
The transcript is not attached to the coprogram form. The indicators are assessed by the doctor who sent them for analysis. Deviations from the norm in color, consistency, smell can be associated with both nutrition and the presence of diseases. Pathological processes of scatological research can be of the following nature:
You should not engage in self-diagnosis. Coprogram is not the only source of diagnosis. The results obtained need to be confirmed by additional methods of laboratory and hardware diagnostics.
An example of the results of stool analysis for coprogram
Outcome
The analysis of feces for scatology (coprogram) is an informative laboratory method for the primary diagnosis of the state of the organs of the digestive system, and assessment of their performance. The study allows you to detect abnormalities in the functions of the stomach, liver, small and large intestine, pancreas and bile ducts.
Based on the results of coproscopy, the doctor will promptly refer the patient for further examination. To obtain the most informative data, before passing the analysis, preliminary preparation and compliance with the rules for collecting biomaterial are required. The coprogram has no age restrictions and is carried out for children from infancy.
