Early signs of prostate cancer. Symptoms and treatment of prostate cancer in men

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the incidence of prostate cancer (PCa). Among oncological diagnoses in men, it occupies a leading position. Despite improvements in early detection of PCa, detection of advanced cases and mortality remain high. In 22% of patients, the disease is first diagnosed already at the 4th stage, in 35% - at the 3rd.

Despite the fact that prostate cancer in the early stages is most often asymptomatic, there are a number of non-specific signs by which this pathology can be suspected.

Changes in the prostate in the presence of cancer

The prostate gland is a small organ located in the pelvis. It consists of two lobes connected by an isthmus. Behind it adjoins the rectum, on top is the neck of the bladder, on the posterolateral surfaces - the seminal vesicles.

The prostate covers the initial section of the urethra, through its thickness pass the seminal ducts. Conventionally, the entire prostate gland is divided into 3 zones: central (closer to the bladder), transitional (middle) and peripheral, where the vast majority of malignant tumors occur.

Normally, the prostate has dimensions of 3x4x2.5 cm, its volume and shape are compared with a walnut.

With prostate cancer, it can significantly increase in size and compress the urethra. Violation of urination is the main local symptom.

With the progression of the process, general signs of the influence of cancer on the whole body (paraneoplastic symptoms) may appear.

Metastasis of the primary tumor forms a picture of damage to other organs, sometimes prostate cancer is initially manifested precisely by the influence of distant metastases.

local signs

The first symptoms of prostate cancer in men appear when the tumor is already large enough or located in the central or transitional zones.

Clinical view of the lower urinary tract

• Weakening and/or splashing of the urine stream.
• Intermittent urination.
• Increased urge to go to the toilet. Imperative urge - a sudden, strong desire to urinate, up to incontinence.
• The need to wake up at night to empty the bladder.
• Dissatisfaction after urination, feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder.
• Urinary incontinence.
• It is difficult to start the act of urination, the need to strain. This is especially noticeable in the morning hours.
• Discomfort and burning during urination.
• Pain of a constant nature in the suprapubic region, back, perineum.

As a result of partial obstruction (blockage) of the urethra, the bladder may not empty completely, leaving a residual volume in it. If the patient ignores these symptoms and does not consult a doctor, chronic urinary retention may develop. This condition manifests itself with the following symptoms:

• Paradoxical ischuria - constant leakage of urine.
• Heaviness in the lower abdomen.
• Enlargement of the abdomen by stretching the bladder (sometimes it can reach the navel).
• Pain in the lumbar region due to distension of the renal pelvis.
• Attachment of infection and pyelonephritis.
• The development of renal failure (increased pressure, weakness, nausea, itching, swelling of the whole body).

Symptoms of sexual dysfunction

• Sexual intercourse is incomplete, does not end with ejaculation.
• Hemospermia is an admixture of blood in the semen.
• Pain during ejaculation.
• Impotence.

The defeat of the pelvic lymph nodes and the germination of the tumor in nearby organs

• Swelling of one or both legs.
• Pain of a constant nature in the lower abdomen, in the perineum.
• Hematuria is an admixture of blood in the urine with germination in the bladder or urethra.
• Constipation, false urge to defecate, mucus and blood in the feces when germinating into the rectum.

General symptoms

A growing malignant tumor tends to affect the entire body. This is due to the release of toxic metabolic products, as well as the release into the blood of biologically active substances produced by carcinoma cells.
Common and paraneoplastic symptoms of prostate cancer include:

• Decreased hemoglobin.
• Weakness, fatigue, poor appetite.
• Weight loss.
• Skin itching.
• Inflammation of the joints.
• Increase in body temperature.
• Dermatitis.
• Polyneuropathy - numbness in the limbs, weakness.

Signs of PCa metastases to other organs

Skeleton

Prostate cancer most often metastasizes to the bones (50 to 70% of all metastases). And in half of the cases - these are the lumbar and thoracic vertebrae, less often - the bones of the pelvis or thigh, there may be multiple lesions of the skeleton.

It is severe back pain that usually forces a patient with stage 4 PCa to see a doctor.

Pain in metastatic bone lesions gradually increasing, worse at night. Conventional painkillers are of little help. In the presence of screenings in the vertebrae, their compression, compression of the nerve roots, and violation of the function of walking occur. Such patients often get pathological fractures at the slightest awkward movement.

Vertebral deformities can cause a picture of spinal cord compression. Gradually, such patients stop walking without assistance, and pelvic dysfunction may occur (control of urination and defecation is lost).

With the destruction of bones in the blood, the level of calcium rises, which can cause disturbances in the functioning of the heart (blockade, arrhythmias), from the gastrointestinal tract - constipation, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting.

Liver

In second place in the frequency of formation of tumor screenings.

Single lesions in this organ may not give any symptoms. If there is a multiple lesion, then the following are determined:

• Yellowness of the skin.
• Pain and heaviness in the right hypochondrium with an enlarged liver.
• Expansion of veins on the anterior abdominal wall.
• Enlargement of the abdomen (ascites).
• Bleeding (nasal, rectal, gastroesophageal).

Metastases in the bronchopulmonary system

In the presence of tumor screenings in the lungs, the following signs of prostate cancer in men are possible:

• Hacking, refractory cough.
• Hemoptysis.
• Increasing dyspnea.
• Constant pain in the chest.

Brain damage

Metastases to the brain are always accompanied by neurological symptoms. Depending on the size of the foci, the number and localization, the following can be observed:

• Headaches of a bursting nature, with nausea.
• Seizures.
• Speech disorders.
• Complete (plegia) or partial (paresis) paralysis of the limbs on one side.
• Dizziness, unsteady gait.
• Mental disorders.

Dynamics of symptoms depending on the stage

Prostate cancer is conditionally divided by oncologists into:

1. localized form (limited to the organ capsule);
2. locally advanced (with regional metastases to lymph nodes or surrounding tissues);
3. generalized (with spread to other organs remote from the primary focus).

The initial form of prostate cancer (stages 1-2), especially coming from the peripheral zone, is most often asymptomatic. But sometimes, even at the first stage, there may be signs of urination disorders or erectile dysfunction.

However, these symptoms in prostate cancer at an early stage are nonspecific, they are also characteristic of benign prostate adenoma, which occurs in 50% of men over 50 years of age. It is possible to identify prostate cancer against the background of adenoma only by a special examination.

Cancer of the 3rd stage (locally advanced) is characterized by more pronounced signs of urination disorders, there may be an admixture of blood in the urine or semen, pain in the pelvis, in the perineum, general and neoplastic symptoms join.

Generalized prostate cancer gives a very vivid clinical picture with metastases to the bones and brain. Increased signs of cancer intoxication (weakness, weight loss, anemia). In this case, local symptoms may fade into the background.

Conclusion

Most variants of prostate cancer are slow-growing tumors. In the early stages, there are no specific symptoms of prostate cancer, which is why it is so difficult to recognize. But we must remember that every third man over 70 years old has a chance to get RP and 3% risk dying from it.

Even with minor urination disorders, you need to contact a urologist. Most likely, a benign pancreatic adenoma will be diagnosed and treatment will be prescribed. But this does not mean that you need to calm down and no longer go to the doctor.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia does not rule out cancer. For the timely detection of a malignant neoplasm, it is necessary to undergo regular examinations (PSA level in dynamics, transrectal ultrasound, if necessary, an MRI of the pelvis and a biopsy of the gland can be prescribed).

Prostate cancer, detected in the initial stages, has every chance of being cured. And a big role in its identification is assigned to the patient himself.

It is the most common oncological disease in the representatives of the stronger sex. The average age of men susceptible to this disease is 55-60 years, less often, but there are cases of the disease up to 40 years. At the moment, the mortality rate from this disease is quite high. The problem is that the disease is almost asymptomatic, and screening testing does not always reveal the problem.

It is very important to recognize the causes and symptoms of prostate cancer at an early stage, but how to do it? We will talk about this in the article, as well as how this disease proceeds.

Causes of the disease in men

Quite often, prostate cancer is detected already at a late stage, as a result, the prognosis for a person is unfavorable. Although if you pass the diagnosis in a timely manner, then the man will not only have a chance to save his own life, but also the opportunity to return to his former favorite activities. That is why it is so important to know the reasons and because this information can save a life.

At the moment, in modern medicine, 6 main causes of the appearance of this disease have been established, namely:

• Genetic predisposition. If a man had relatives suffering from this disease, then the risk of manifestation of this pathology and he is quite high. Therefore, an examination by a urologist is a necessary procedure.
• Alcohol, smoking and drugs. These bad habits are the main provocateurs of this disease. They stand in the first place as its cause.
• Abuse of animal food. Based on studies conducted by a number of scientists, men are more likely to suffer from prostate cancer, whose menu consists mainly of animal food.
• Launched inflammatory processes. Half of the representatives of the stronger sex on the planet at least once, but faced with signs of prostatitis in their lives. At the same time, the number of men who turned to specialists for help is negligible. But the insidiousness of prostatitis is that it is enough not to devote time to its treatment, as it can turn into cancer.
• BPH. Adenoma is a benign tumor that quite often develops into a malignant neoplasm. As a rule, prostate cancer occurs in older men.

An important role in the risk factor is played by the ethnicity of the man. You can also add to this list the intimate life of a person and professional activities. All this can give such a result as prostate cancer. The symptoms and treatment of this disease are listed below.

Stages and symptoms signaling the development of the disease

There are four stages. The symptoms of each of them are different. Of course, any oncology is much easier to stop at the initial stages of development. But in the case of the prostate, the problem is that at first the cancer proceeds without any signs. It can be discovered by chance, for example, during a routine inspection. And if this happened, then for a man with this problem there will be the most favorable prognosis.

First stage. The tumor occupies no more than 5% of the volume of the prostate gland. The complete absence of symptoms, in other words, it does not manifest itself in any way. Prostate cancer of the 1st degree can be cured quite easily, you just need to contact a specialist in a timely manner. The insidiousness of the disease is that it is asymptomatic.

Second stage. A man has difficulty urinating, the frequency of nighttime urges increases. A small amount of blood appears in the semen. Pain in the groin area appears, potency decreases. There are no metastases at this stage.

It is worth noting that such symptoms are also characteristic of other diseases - prostate adenoma and chronic prostatitis among them. Therefore, it is very important to diagnose at this stage. This is necessary for the timely recognition of the disease.

Third stage. There is an increase in existing pain symptoms. Urination is very difficult, and the pain in the groin becomes unbearable. These signs are hard to ignore. By this time, the cancerous tumor continues to occupy more and more healthy tissues in the prostate area - this is the pelvic area, testicles and lymph nodes, which are gradually affected by metastases.

If you rely on statistical data, then most often a person receives a diagnosis at this stage, i.e. prostate cancer of the 3rd degree. Life expectancy is different, depending on the number of already spread metastases, the type of tumor. Some men live their whole lives with this disease, only regularly doing certain medical procedures and visiting a doctor.

Fourth stage. At this stage, the tumor grows faster and faster, and its metastases affect almost all organs, bones, and even the vertebrae.

In the fourth stage, a person noticeably decreases body weight, general weakness and severe fatigue appear. In addition, a person stops eating due to lack of appetite, vomiting appears, legs swell and there is constant pain in the genital area and vertebrae.

The causes and symptoms of prostate cancer can vary. What does it depend on? In some cases, cancer can develop very slowly, with no symptoms for years. Men for several years do not even suspect that they are carriers of a malignant tumor. But there is also a completely different situation in which prostate cancer develops “at the speed of light”, in which case the patient literally burns out in a few months.

Diagnosis of prostate cancer

To date, the simplest and most affordable method of examination is a rectal examination with the help of fingers. An experienced doctor can detect the appearance and development of a malignant tumor at an early stage, even with its small size. It is strongly recommended to be examined in this way for all men suffering from painful urination.

The second method of examination establishes a diagnosis with great accuracy. To determine the presence of malignant diseases, modifying indices are used, which determine how much the PSA antigen is exceeded.

The third method is the ultrasound and transrectal method of the gland. Often it is used to determine the tumor and take a biopsy of the gland.

The main method for diagnosing cancer is a biopsy. The essence of this manipulation is to take a column of tissue material for examination under a microscope using a thin needle.

In rare cases, they can supplement the examination with the use of magnetic resonance imaging to examine the pelvis and internal organs in detail.

Treatment of prostate cancer

Currently, there are the following treatments for prostate cancer. Each method is used depending on the stage of the person's lesion. There are several ways in total, namely:

• surgical;
• radiation therapy;
• hormone therapy;
• cryotherapy;
• bilateral orchiectomy.

Now let's take a closer look at each method of treatment.

Surgical method

It involves the removal of the gland by surgery. This happens if cancer (prostate) is diagnosed. The operation is performed mainly on young patients, provided that the tumor is small and associated defects are responsible.

A side effect is possible impotence. But to date, quite sparing methods of operations have been developed, they help maintain erectile function in men.

Radiation therapy

Radiation therapy for prostate cancer is used in stages 1-3. The advantage of this method is that there is a high percentage of a complete cure for a person. And most importantly, there is no need for surgical intervention and outpatient therapy. However, this method also has disadvantages, namely:

• Urinary incontinence may develop.
• In 40% impotence develops.
• The appearance of diarrhea and the opening of bleeding.

Modern medicine does not stand still, thanks to which, relatively recently, another effective method has appeared - brachytherapy. The essence of this method lies in the fact that radioactive sources are introduced into the prostate tissue. Such manipulation gives an excellent result with minimal risk to the patient.

hormone therapy

This method includes a whole range of drugs of hormonal and chemotherapeutic origin. These drugs have a detrimental effect on tumor cells. Hormones act suppressively on the production of testosterone, since it is he who contributes to the growth of the neoplasm.

But this method of treatment also has side effects, so the consequences of prostate cancer can be as follows:

• development of bone fragility (osteoporosis);
• severe weight loss;
• intensive growth of mammary glands;
• development of impotence.

It is worth noting that, even taking into account all the unpleasant consequences, this method gives an effective result when used. And most importantly - it is an opportunity to extend a person's life.

Cryotherapy

An effective method, provided that the neoplasm is small. Use this manipulation in rare cases. The method of treatment is that the tumor is destroyed due to low temperature. At the same time, in addition to this method, the use of hormonal drugs is prescribed.

Bilateral orchiectomy

This method of treatment includes mandatory. It is used only when it is not possible to remove the neoplasm due to metastasis. At the same time, this method helps to reduce the level of sex hormones by almost 90%. If, in the presence of such a pathology, distant metastases appear, then hormonal agents are also used. Thanks to this, a person's life can be extended.

In rare cases, oncologists use the so-called waiting tactics. In other words, a man who has a non-aggressive form of a malignant neoplasm, while it does not create any discomfort, is not prescribed treatment. There are several reasons for such actions, some contraindications are possible or surgery is a great threat to the patient's life. The same applies to radiation therapy.

Treatment in a medical institution is a mandatory action if a man is diagnosed with prostate cancer. Metastases can slow recovery, but it's still very real.

To date, there are a large number of folk methods for the treatment of prostate cancer. But all of them are rather doubtful, and with such a dangerous disease, it is extremely dangerous to engage in "shamanism".

Disease prevention

The causes and symptoms of prostate cancer can be completely bypassed if elementary preventive actions are taken, namely:

• Every year to be examined by a specialist, it is especially important to follow this advice for men over the age of 50.
• Bad habits are one of the main factors in the appearance of cancer, so giving them up will increase the chance of avoiding this disease.
• When a disease occurs, prostatitis is treated in a timely manner.
• Regular sex life has a beneficial effect on the prostate gland, so it is very important to have a permanent partner.
• Sports and moderate exercise have a good effect on blood circulation in the prostate area. Such a simple way will help a man avoid this disease.

Prostate cancer can be avoided if a person treats their own health more carefully. Some doctors recommend to be examined by a urologist, starting at the age of forty. This will help to avoid pathology in the form of a malignant neoplasm. And even if this problem is detected, it can be successfully treated at an early stage.

Survival prognosis

Prostate cancer is not a sentence, the main thing is that the disease is detected in a timely manner. In this case, the man will have a chance for a full life. If this disease was detected at the first or second stage, then this can be a guarantee of getting rid of a malignant neoplasm by 100%.

The situation is different if stage 3 prostate cancer is diagnosed. Life expectancy in this case may be lower, but there are fairly high chances of life extension. The age of the patient matters in the prognosis. The younger the man, the greater the chance of success in treatment. As a rule, representatives of the stronger sex under 65 successfully undergo treatment.

When the last stage is detected, the chances of life are quite low, unfortunately, the prognosis is disappointing. But even in this case there may be exceptions.

There are certain statistics: when treated with surgery, the survival rate after this procedure is at least 70%. If the tumor is affected by radiation therapy, then the milestone of 5 years is experienced by 80% of patients.

From all of the above, we can conclude that prostate cancer is an extremely dangerous disease, but amenable to successful treatment. It is also important that modern medicine does not stand still, thanks to which new methods are constantly emerging that help to successfully cope with oncology not only in men, but also in children and women.

The most important thing is prevention! After all, it depends on this measure at what stage a pathology called prostate cancer is detected. Symptoms and treatment have been discussed in great detail in the article, but the main idea is that you should not ignore the annual examination by a urologist. Always remember that spending a few minutes can save your life.

Diagnosis of prostate cancer in men at the earliest stages of its formation is the primary task of medical workers. The disease most often occurs in men aged 45–65 years and older, when inflammatory processes and hyperplasia already exist in the tissues of the organs. Therefore, it is inappropriate to evaluate only subjective complaints. Mandatory laboratory and instrumental examinations of a man who applied with suspected prostate cancer are required. With timely detection, a cancerous tumor has a very favorable prognosis.

Precancerous conditions and provoking factors

Most middle-aged men have certain deviations in the activity of their "second heart" - the prostate gland. They can live for years with an already formed cancer focus, not even knowing about their illness.

The causes of prostate cancer in men can be the following precancerous conditions:

1. Atypical hyperplasia of the organ - nodules are formed in the parenchyma of the prostate tissues, the cells in which change their structure, begin to multiply faster under the influence of negative factors from the outside or from the inside. In a situation that predisposes to this, a focus of cancer may well arise.
2. Hyperplasia with malignancy - increased in volume, for example, due to the chronic course of prostatitis, the prostate gland, under the influence of aggressive factors, suddenly begins to change in its individual sections, cells change structure, become malignant, transforming into cancer.

The following negative factors increase the risk of developing a malignant neoplasm of the prostate in men:

• abuse of tobacco, alcohol products;
• labor activity in hazardous industries, with constant intoxication with harmful substances;
• advanced age of a man;
• frequent exacerbation of infectious diseases of the small pelvis of men;
• severe prolonged stressful situations;
• a significant weakening of the immune structures in a man - a state of immunodeficiency;
• negative hereditary predisposition.

Men who have one or more of the above predisposing factors need to pay close attention to their health and be sure to undergo an annual preventive medical examination, with a prostate cancer examination.

Warning Signs

Having reached a certain age and concerned about maintaining their health at a high level, men often ask a specialist during a preventive visit how to identify prostate cancer even before obvious symptoms appear.

Warning signs such as various urination disorders help to suspect a malignant process in the prostate area. So, a man is increasingly disturbed by the urge to visit the toilet room, especially in the evening and at night. Whereas a full discharge of urine is not observed - it comes out in meager portions, sometimes even drops.

At the same time, dissatisfaction with urination remains - a feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder, its overcrowding. The desire to urinate remains with the man, while there is either nothing to go out, or there are obstacles to it.

Less often, the process of going to the toilet is accompanied by discomfort in the pelvis, sacral region. Pain impulses in men are intermittent, intermittent, aching. More often they are perceived by them as manifestations of other pathologies, the same prostatitis, for example. It is impossible to diagnose the focus of cancer only on this basis.

Men seek medical help due to the appearance of blood clots in the urine, a change in its color to a darker shade, “bloody”, the color of “meat slops”. In a severe course of the disease, a man may experience acute urinary retention, without the presence of predisposing conditions. Or kidney failure is formed - the appearance of severe weakness, dry mouth in a man and a constant feeling of thirst, pain in the lumbar region, and a sharp exhaustion of the body. Immediate specialized medical care is required.

However, most often, prostate cancer at stages 1–2 of its appearance in a man does not manifest itself in any way. Cancer in the prostate becomes an extremely unpleasant surprise of a preventive annual examination in the clinic.

Cancer or prostate adenoma

Not wanting to waste his time visiting hospitals and laboratories, or, fearing to hear the formidable diagnosis of cancer, the man delays with a comprehensive examination. By this, he causes significant harm to his health, attributing the appearance of unpleasant sensations to the course of age-related prostatic hyperplasia.

Whereas early diagnosis is the key to success in carrying out therapeutic measures and restoring health in full. Do not confuse male organ cancer with adenoma. A characteristic difference between these two purely male diseases is the appearance of atypical, cancerous cells. But without a special analysis - a biopsy, differentiation is simply impossible.

Prostate adenoma in men is a benign pathology. But under certain conditions - the impact of traumatic factors, it can degenerate into a malignant process. However, there is no clear relationship between these two ailments - cancer and adenoma.

Another hallmark may be tumor growth. Most often, the focus of cancer in the prostate organ in a man grows outward, while with adenoma - not only outward, but also inward. Both lead to problems with the urethra in men. The enlarged prostate compresses the urinary canal. Laboratory and instrumental examinations are required to confirm or refute cancer in men.

The timing of the appearance of alarming symptoms is also important - prostate adenoma in a man can have a sluggish course for several decades, periodically disturbing him. Prostate cancer, after 2-4 years, in the absence of a full-fledged treatment, will affect the state of health - it deteriorates sharply. The disease in a man progresses and gives severe complications.

Early symptoms of prostate cancer

The course of cancer in the tissues of the prostate gland has its own specific order - if at the first stage of the formation of a focus of atypia, as a rule, there are no specific manifestations, then nothing bothers the man.

Much will depend on the form of cancer, the size of the tumor, the initial state of health of the man. It helps to detect cancer by such a laboratory analysis as blood for PSA - a male hormone that enters the bloodstream when the gland fails. In a healthy man, its parameters range from 0.5 to 1 ng / ml. An increase in the value of glycoprotein may indicate both an inflammatory process in the organ and the onset of a cancer focus. A specialist will evaluate all information from laboratory and instrumental examinations.

A careful history taking of a man reveals that he has been troubled by symptoms in the prostate for some time, such as:

• problems with the onset of urination - there is an urge, but urine does not separate;
• the jet flows out weak, intermittent, even in drops;
• there is a feeling that the bladder remained full;
• the presence of urinary incontinence is possible - to one degree or another;
• the urge to visit the toilet room prevails at night and in the evening, while during the day the need to empty the bladder in a man remains unchanged;
• at the beginning of urine output in the canal itself or in the small pelvis, there is discomfort, even soreness, similar symptoms can be observed even after the end of urine output;
• often exacerbation of pathologies of the genitourinary sphere of a man - urethritis, pyelonephritis, prostatitis.

Identification of the listed disorders of the prostate, the symptoms and signs of which were not previously observed in a man - all this requires mandatory clarification, diagnostic measures.

Laboratory and instrumental examinations for prostate cancer

Diagnosis of prostate cancer is based on the main verification method - taking biomaterial for cytological examination. A biopsy allows you to assess the presence of cancer cells in the parenchyma of the organ, their number, structure, high or low differentiation.

All this will contribute to the formulation of an adequate diagnosis of cancer. Other methods recommended by a specialist for implementation are auxiliary:

• rectal examination - palpation of the prostate by a doctor through the rectum, a mandatory examination of men after 40 years, which allows you to establish the initial stage of the formation of the disease;
• an increase in the concentration of prostate-specific antigen in the bloodstream - if it exceeds more than 10, a prostate biopsy is mandatory;
• Ultrasound - visualization of the prostate, clarification of the presence in the prostate parenchyma of nodes, seals, and other abnormalities;
• CT, MRI of the structures of the small pelvis of a man - an assessment of the prevalence of the tumor process, the involvement of other tissues and organs, lymph nodes in cancer;
• PET-CT is effective for searching for small metastases, for example, those that have entered the prostate gland from another primary cancer site.

Only all the completeness of information, carefully studied by the urologist-oncologist, allows him to conduct an adequate differential diagnosis. This can cause some difficulties, especially if the man already has benign tumors in the prostate gland. However, a highly qualified specialist will not only make a full-fledged cancer diagnosis in a timely manner, but will also select the appropriate treatment. Improve prognosis for prostate cancer earlier seeking medical help.

What can be done on your own

In order to timely identify such a disease, formidable in its complications and consequences, as cancer in the structure of the prostate organ, a man is recommended to take the following preventive measures:

• closely monitor your own health - listen to the signals coming from all organs, especially the pelvis and prostate;
• timely treat all foci of inflammatory and infectious lesions, including adenoma or prostatic hyperplasia;
• follow the recommendations of an andrologist - taking preventive anti-inflammatory drugs, passing laboratory tests;
• avoid general or local hypothermia - the prostate is quite susceptible to low temperatures and can often become inflamed because of this;
• to perceive sexual contacts not only as pleasure, but also as measures to prevent congestion in the pelvis, and, therefore, cancer.

If a man suddenly began to be disturbed by urination disorders, burning, discomfort, weakening of the jet, it is recommended to immediately repeat the doctor's consultation. Early detection of the focus of cancer is the key to a successful fight against it and recovery.

Update: December 2018

The prostate gland is a small organ located under the bladder that surrounds the urethra. The function of the prostate is difficult to overestimate, because it is the juice of the prostate gland that supports the vital activity of spermatozoa outside the testicles. In this article, we will look at such an oncological disease as prostate cancer, the symptoms, treatment and causes of this disease.

Disease statistics

Prostate cancer is a tumor localized in the prostate gland, which is malignant in nature and poses a serious threat not only to sexual function, but also to the life of a man. Another name for cancer is carcinoma.

In Europe, this is one of the most serious diseases of the male part of the population, which occurs in 214 people out of 1000 studied. It should be noted that the incidence of prostate cancer in different regions varies. For example, in Sweden, the disease in question accounts for 37 percent of all cancer cases.

Prostate cancer is a disease that has a close relationship with genetics and human age. More often among patients there are men whose age exceeds 40 years.

Some patterns, causes of prostate cancer

The cause of prostate cancer is currently an open question. Scientists have established an unambiguous relationship between the occurrence of prostate cancer and two factors:

• Age

Over the years, hormonal changes occur in the body of a man. Next, there are changes in the prostate gland that can lead to cancer. It was found that prostate cancer directly depends on the level of testosterone in the blood. Therefore, men of middle and advanced age are susceptible to the disease. In young people, cancer is extremely rare and only in the case of a hereditary predisposition or under the influence of serious mutagenic factors.

• Heredity

The risk of the disease doubles if a man has prostate cancer patients among his close relatives. If relatives of the first or more degrees of kinship were sick, the risk is reduced, but there is a place to be. Hereditary prostate cancer differs from other etiological types of the disease only by an earlier date of occurrence (with a difference of 6-7 years).

Other factors by which a person can be classified as a risk group are currently established, but not proven, but they exist:

• Lifestyle

Lifestyle significantly affects the possibility of developing a cancerous process in the prostate gland. The presence of bad habits significantly increases (in unproven proportions) the risk of a tumor: a tendency to drink alcohol, smoke, drugs. The above substances have a powerful mutagenic effect and are able to activate the process of malignant degeneration of an existing prostate tumor.

• Food

Red meat and animal fats can provoke oncology. There is no clear link between diet and cancer. But doctors recommend avoiding eating these foods if there are prerequisites for oncology.

Classification

There are 2 classifications of prostate cancer. The first refers to the standard nomenclature of all cancerous tumors, and the second, more acceptable in the case of prostate cancer, is based on the aggressiveness of the tumor. Aggressiveness is determined by the Gleason index after examining a biopsy of a cancerous tumor. The score (index) is set from 1 to 10, which means, respectively, less and more aggressive tumor.

Prostate Cancer Symptoms

There are too many manifestations of prostate cancer to accurately establish the diagnosis only by the patient's history and palpation.

In general, the symptoms of prostate cancer can be grouped into three broad groups:

• Functional disorders of urine outflow;
• Signs associated with tumor metastases that extend beyond the prostate;
• Symptoms with extensive metastasis of cancer cells far beyond the prostate.

The first group of signs is associated with the fact that the cancerous tumor begins to mechanically compress the urethra, which passes through the prostate. As a result, urination becomes painful, problematic, and irregular. This leads to stagnation of urine in the bladder, nervousness, swelling, stress.

When the tumor penetrates beyond the prostate gland, it causes additional pain to the man. In addition, erectile dysfunction, hematuria and hematospermia can be observed.

With deep and extensive metastases, cancer spreads through the pelvic region, affecting the bones, spinal cord, and nearby organs. In this case, the main symptoms of prostate cancer will be as follows:

• Pain in the pelvis and lower back of bone origin
• Anemia (see)
• Swelling of the body and limbs
• Paralysis

Stages of prostate cancer

The staging of the disease is classified according to the forms of cancer. There are 2 main categories:

TNM- Within the framework of this classification, the degree of growth of a cancerous tumor is considered:

• T - the tumor is in the prostate gland or slightly extends beyond the boundaries of its capsule.
• N - cancer cells grow into regional lymph nodes located below the bifurcation of the iliac artery.
• M - in this paragraph we are talking about distant metastases, in which non-regional lymph nodes, bones and other organs are affected.

Juit-Whitemore system- This classification divides the pathological process into stages A, B, C, D. The first 2 stages are curable, the last 2 carry more sad prospects.

A is the earliest stage., in which the patient may not experience any discomfort, and cancer cells can be single or massively localized in the prostate parenchyma.

Stage B characterizes the growth of the tumor inside the prostate to a palpable size. At the moment, cancer can be detected by a moderate increase in the concentration of the PSA protein.

Next step C, denotes the exit of cancer cells outside the capsule of the prostate gland. The tumor reaches the seminal vesicles, other organs, can block the lumen of the urethra and bladder. At this stage, cancer becomes an incurable disease.

Stage D is the final stage of cancer development. It is characterized by an increase in the number of metastases and tumor growth towards the regional lymph nodes and beyond. Also referred to as stage D and recurrent metastases after surgical treatment of prostate cancer.

It must be remembered that the stages of prostate cancer, the symptoms of which can vary greatly, are allocated conditionally. There are no clear criteria by which a tumor can be attributed to one stage or another.

Diagnostics

The following methods apply:

1. Finger diagnostics or digital rectal examination. The doctor by touch diagnoses the presence / absence of a tumor.
2. PSA (prostate specific antigen). The higher the serum PSA concentration, the more likely it is to have prostate cancer.
3. Transrectal ultrasound. More often it is referred to as TRUS (abbreviation). This is an examination of the prostate using ultrasound by inserting a diagnostic device into the rectum.
4. Biopsy of the prostate.
5. Pathomorphological study of puncture biopsies of the prostate, etc.

The first 3 methods are used as monitoring for prostate cancer. PSA is a great and easy way to monitor your prostate on a regular basis.

Before the appearance of PSA, advanced prostate cancer was detected in 30% of cases, now with regular monitoring of this blood test and examination by a urologist, advanced prostate cancer is detected only in 6% of cases, which improves the prognosis and allows timely radical treatment.

• Rarely, cases are recorded when prostate cancer analysis of the PSA remains within the normal range.
• In the treatment of the prostate, drugs can be used that lead to a decrease in the PSA level (false negative result) against the background of prostate cancer.
• BPH and prostatitis can affect the PSA value, increasing its value in the absence of signs and symptoms of prostate cancer.

Treatment of prostate cancer

The issue of treatment of prostate cancer is very important and relevant today. The decision on treatment is made based on the age of the patient.

If a man is 65 years or older and the cancer does not extend beyond the prostate gland, then there is no point in taking action. To date, mortality at this age is quite high and by no means from prostate cancer.

If the process has gone beyond the prostate gland, then the patient has no more than three years to live without treatment. All currently known methods of treatment can be represented as follows:

• Targeted therapy and chemotherapy
• hormone therapy
• Brachytherapy, radiation techniques
• Surgical interventions

Now the treatment of prostate cancer is as painless as possible.

Targeted treatment and chemotherapy

The action of drugs is aimed at inhibiting the growth of cancer cells. But this action is not specific enough, therefore, it affects healthy cells and harms the body.

As an alternative to chemotherapy, scientists have developed targeted tumor treatments. In this case, cancer cells are attacked by highly specific monoclonal antibodies. This practice minimizes the side effect and greatly facilitates the treatment of prostate cancer.

Hormones

The use of a certain set of hormones can stop or seriously slow down the division of cancer cells. This type of treatment is often used as an accompaniment to surgery or radiation therapy, but can also be used independently.

Beam methods

Exposure to X-ray and other radioactive radiation has always caused fear among patients and many side effects. This is due to the fact that with extensive metastases, it is necessary to irradiate not only the tumor, but also nearby tissues and organs. In the case of a tumor localized in the prostate, this technique is less dangerous, but not advisable.

In modern medicine, less risky treatments have been developed:

• Brachytherapy

It involves inserting a special needle through the rectum, through which an isotope of iodine will be injected into the prostate. The localization of the injection is calculated exactly. The effect of the radioactive substance extends only to cancer cells, without causing systemic harm, as in the case of irradiation by old methods.

• ultrasound therapy

- this is a point effect of ultrasound on tumor cells. It has been proven that cancer cells are completely destroyed by high frequencies.

Modern methods of treatment significantly reduce the risk of side effects, and their effectiveness, on the contrary, is becoming ever higher.

Surgical manipulations

Surgery is the simplest and most effective way to destroy the tumor in the first stages (A and B according to the Jewet-Whitemore classification). As long as the tumor has not begun to grow beyond the prostate, it is really better to remove it. There are two types of operations:

• Prostaectomy

In a prostateectomy, the entire prostate gland is removed through an incision. This is the most traumatic type of surgical treatment for prostate cancer.

• Transurethral resection

Transurethral resection involves partial removal of the prostate through the urethra. Indications for this kind of procedure are the impossibility of complete removal of the prostate or intolerance to operations. It is performed by endoscopic method.

A special Da Vinci robot is widely used abroad. Surgical intervention is reduced to small punctures, all manipulations are performed by a robot controlled by a doctor. On the one hand, this is a non-contact method of treatment for the doctor, on the other hand, it is minimally invasive for the patient.

The most common questions from patients

The doctor does not prescribe treatment, but dynamic observation is shown to me. Does this mean that I have an incurable form of cancer, the treatment will be ineffective and therefore it is not prescribed?

No, this kind of observation means that the tumor is slow growing and may not even manifest itself. With dynamic observation, an examination is shown 2 times a year - digital rectal examination and PSA. Such regular monitoring without treatment allows timely detection of tumor progression and transition from observation to intensive therapy.

Studies in the United States found that men without prostate cancer and patients with a slowly growing tumor (with dynamic observation for 15 years) had the same mortality. To determine who is indicated for dynamic observation, the age of the patient and concomitant diseases are taken into account.

Dynamic observation is carried out in elderly people with an estimated life expectancy of not more than 10 years, in the absence of signs of tumor progression. This is considered more appropriate, since tumor growth is slow, and oncology treatment can worsen the patient's somatic status, having a number of side effects.

However, the choice always remains with the patient, not everyone can take expectant tactics, since this is a serious psychological test that leads to depression and a deterioration in the quality of life. There is also a risk that the tumor will progress faster than expected and then more aggressive treatment will be needed, and the effectiveness of therapy in the later stages is lower.

In what cases can treatment be ineffective?

The reasons why there may be no effect of treatment today are not well understood, but certain facts may contribute to the development of relapse:

• before preparing for treatment or surgery, the stage of the oncological process was not correctly determined due to the imperfection of the examination methods;
• during dynamic observation, the growth of the tumor was more rapid, as a result, the neoplasm went beyond the prostate capsule;
• before treatment, cancer cells had already penetrated into nearby tissues; today there are no methods that determine the spread of single pathological cells throughout the body;
• when tumor cells are insensitive to standard doses of radiation, in a situation where parts of the prostate gland cannot enter the radiation zone or when the tumor has penetrated beyond the radiation limits.

How long after treatment can a relapse occur?

It depends on how aggressive the primary tumor was, well-differentiated tumors relapse more slowly, poorly differentiated ones faster, usually recurrence occurs in the first 5 years, but there are cases of relapse after treatment after 15 years.

What are the symptoms of recurrent prostate cancer?

At first (in the early years), a relapse may be asymptomatic, it was previously believed that difficulties with urination, bone pain, swollen lymph nodes indicate a relapse, but this already indicates multiple metastases. Today, the onset of a relapse can be recognized by the rise in PSA. If there are no other manifestations of cancer, and PSA increases, then they speak of a biochemical relapse, and only after a few years, such a patient begins to show signs of tumor growth. Therefore, an important condition after the course of therapy is PSA control, biopsy, digital rectal examination, MRI, CT, bone scintigraphy.

Where can the tumor metastasize?

With prostate cancer, metastases can be local (regional lymph nodes) and distant - these are any organs, most often these are the femurs and humerus, spine, lungs, liver, brain.

Does a biopsy promote tumor progression and metastases?

There are no grounds for such fears, a biopsy does not affect tumor growth, moreover, it is an essential component of diagnosis, an easy and safe procedure, a reliable method that rejects or confirms the presence of prostate cancer.

Many men are diagnosed with prostate cancer sooner or later, perhaps it would be advisable to remove the gland before cancer cells appear?

The operation cannot be a method of prevention, since this is a serious intervention with a possible complex of complications, such as impotence and urinary incontinence. In addition, prostate cancer progresses rather slowly and in many patients it does not cause death or a sharp deterioration in health, since other diseases can cause death during this time.

Is it possible to cure cancer with folk remedies or alternative medicine methods?

To date, there is not a single folk way or method of alternative medicine that can cure this disease. Moreover, it is dangerous to use only any other methods of treatment and delay effective therapy offered by specialists. Delaying treatment may increase the risk of tumor progression and metastases.

To what extent does lifestyle and nutrition affect the risk of developing cancer?

In countries where there is traditionally a high level of consumption of refined foods and excess animal fats, such as European countries, Canada, the United States, the risk of oncology is much higher than in countries whose population eats soy, rice and seafood. Also, a link was found between an increased risk of prostate cancer in men with obesity, while the risk of not only oncology, but also hypertension, increases.

It should be remembered that timely diagnosis of prostate cancer is the key to a successful recovery! Therefore, with any discomfort, do not delay the trip to a urologist.

Content

Carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, prostate tumor, prostate cancer are the names of one disease, which is the most common type of cancer among men over 50 years old. Most representatives of the stronger sex at this age have a subclinical asymptomatic form of this disease. According to studies, every third man whose cause of death was not prostate cancer, previously clinically indeterminate areas of malignancy were identified. After 80 years, a similar problem occurs in 80% of men.

What is prostate cancer

The prostate gland (prostate) is an endocrine gland that belongs to the male reproductive system, performs the functions of producing seminal fluid and is involved in ejaculation. The prostate is located under the bladder near the large intestine, outwardly it looks like a nut enclosing the urethra. Iron directly affects the ability to retain urine. This body is very susceptible to age-related changes, including oncology.

Prostate cancer is a malignant tumor that develops from the glandular tissue of the epithelium. Like other cancerous tumors, prostate carcinoma tends to spread metastases to other organs, but the progression of the disease is slow, from the appearance of microscopic signs of a tumor to a critical stage, it can take 10-15 years. Even a small prostate tumor can spread metastases, mainly to the skeletal system, liver, lymph nodes, lungs, and adrenal glands.

This is where the greatest insidiousness of the disease lies: if the tumor can be removed surgically without problems before metastasis and the disease recedes, then when the metastasis grows, no doctor can cope with the problem. In this case, the forecasts will be very sad, up to a fatal outcome. Therefore, it is so important to detect prostate cancer in men in a timely manner, and for this, listen to your body and regularly visit a urologist, especially after 50 years.

How long do people live with prostate cancer?

Statistical studies show that every seventh man aged fifty and over has prostate cancer. This disease is a common cause of death among older men. Survival is usually high: 5 years is taken as an estimated value, it all depends on the stage of the disease and the appointment of adequate treatment:

• At the first stage with a tumor, they live for a long time, the survival rate is one hundred percent, provided that the doctor's prescriptions are followed. However, the disease is very insidious and passes without symptoms in the early stages, so it is not always possible to identify it and start treatment on time.
• The second stage - the survival rate is 85% of patients with proper treatment with positive results.
• The third stage is characterized by the growth of the neoplasm outside the organ, and the survival prognosis is 50%.
• The fourth stage is characterized by a critical course, metastasis to organs, therefore, with aggressive treatment, patients live no more than three years. Five years are able to live no more than 20% of patients. The main problem of prostate cancer is late detection, because men are very frivolous about their health, for various reasons avoiding examination.

Symptoms

The main signs of prostate carcinoma in men are very similar to those of an adenoma (benign tumor) of the prostate. In the later stages of the disease, the symptoms are as follows:

• pain;
• difficult painful urination;
• erectile dysfunction, turning into impotence;
• blood in the urine (hematuria);
• frequent need to get up at night to urinate;
• a feeling of fullness in the bladder and an urgent desire to go to the toilet;
• urine stream is weak, interrupted, there is a need to strain 4
• Feeling of an empty bladder.

When, in advanced stages of cancer, metastases penetrate into nearby and distant organs and tissues, this causes constant pain and inconvenience of a different nature:

• pain and nonunion of fractures in metastasized areas of the bones;
• frequent colds, viral diseases due to a decrease in immunity;
• pain in other metastasized organs;
• constipation;
• stools with an admixture of blood and mucus;
• apathy and fatigue;
• hematuria;
• cough with bloody sputum;
• pyelonephritis, pain in the lumbar region;
• sharp weight loss;
• the skin becomes pale earthy.

Symptoms at an early stage

The sluggish course of the disease with no visible symptoms at an early stage only increases its danger. Symptoms of prostate carcinoma at an early stage are almost impossible to notice, so men after 45 years of age must be examined and tested. Early detection and treatment of the disease increases the chances of the patient. Perhaps nothing serious will be found, but you need to make sure of this after the examination. You should be alert and see a doctor if:

• often have to get up at night to go to the toilet;
• jet pressure is weak;
• emptying occurs strained with painful burning sensations.

Reasons

The incidence of prostate cancer varies by geographic area. For example, in South and East Asia, according to some studies, the occurrence of the disease is much lower than in the European region. Science has not yet been able to determine the true causes of malignancy, but the main risk groups are known:

1. Heredity. According to the results of a study of twins, 40% of all prostate cancer cases were in men whose ancestors also suffered this pathology.
2. Impact on the body of carcinogenic factors.
3. Eating style. Fatty high-calorie foods, a lack of vegetables in the diet increase the risk of oncology.
4. Progression of prostate adenoma.
5. Age after 45 years.
6. Race. African peoples are more susceptible to oncology.
7. Sedentary lifestyle.

stages

The generally accepted classification of carcinomas, which is used in European clinics of urology, is the Gleason scoring system: in it, the stages are evaluated according to the degree of malignancy. Low-aggressive cancer is worth 1 point, and highly aggressive - 5 points. As a rule, if several foci occur with carcinoma, then histological material is taken from at least two large tumors and the results of the studies are summarized, obtaining an index on the Gleason scale. So, the minimum index is 2 points, the maximum is 10 points.

The next classification method is the Jewet-Whitemore system, which serves to differentiate the tumor by size, lymph node involvement, and the presence of metastases. The degree of spread of the tumor:

1. The first stage A. Malignant cells practically do not differ from normal ones, the tumor is encapsulated, the course of the disease is asymptomatic.
2. The second stage B. The tumor is encapsulated, located within the organ, not palpable rectally, tumor growth is observed, the PSA level is elevated, the course is asymptomatic.
3. The third stage C. The tumor begins to go beyond the gland, spread to nearby lymph nodes, the tumor penetrates the bladder and urethra, making it difficult for urine to exit.
4. Fourth stage D. Metastasizing tumor, elevated PSA level, extensive metastases of regional lymph nodes, tissues, organs, there is a high probability of recurrence after treatment.

Diagnostics

Do not panic at the first problems with urination. Maybe this is a slight inflammation or adenoma, but it is necessary to go to the doctor to establish an accurate picture of the problem. Diagnostics consists of:

1. Rectal palpation (palpable in the later stages).
2. Analysis for the level of PSA (prostate-specific antigen). If a man has prostate cancer, then the PSA level rises.
3. Clarifying examination methods - ultrasound with a rectal sensor (TRUS), computed tomography, biopsy (taking a piece of the gland with a special needle).

Biopsy - a histological examination of tissues for the final confirmation or refutation of the diagnosis. To obtain objective results, it will be necessary to examine about ten or more samples of glandular prostate tissue taken from different parts of the gland. However, this diagnostic method has side effects in the form of blood in the feces, semen and urine. Although normally these complications disappear after two days, there is a possibility of developing an inflammatory process of the prostate gland at the site of the removal of a tissue fragment, and prolonged bleeding.

Treatment

Depending on the examination data obtained, taking into account the age of the patient, the stage of the disease, the presence of metastases, treatment is prescribed. There are the following ways to deal with prostate cancer:

1. Operative (surgical method) is a complete excision of the prostate gland (prostatectomy).
2. Medication - hormone therapy. Side effects are rare and do not require treatment.
3. Radiation therapy, brachytherapy - radiation exposure.
4. Focused high-intensity ultrasound ablation of the prostate (HIFU) - exposure to ultrasonic waves.
5. Antiandrogenic monotherapy - drug castration.
6. Removal with a laser.

Operation

The procedure for removing the tumor can be carried out in three ways: open abdominal surgery, laparoscopy, robotic prostatectomy. Traditional abdominal surgery is extremely traumatic and fraught with complications (urinary incontinence, impotence). The latter method allows minimizing blood loss, maintaining erectile function and the normal functioning of the bladder. The effectiveness of the operation is high only in the absence of metastases. A successful and timely operation is a guaranteed complete relief from the disease.

Removal of neoplasms

Abdominal operations to remove a prostate tumor are performed under general or local anesthesia. During the operation, a small incision is made in the lower abdomen, the gland is separated from the bladder, urethra and excised along with the seminal vesicles. At the same time, if possible, the nerves (Nerve Sparing) responsible for erectile function are preserved if they are not involved in the cancer process. The urethral stump is then connected to the bladder through a catheter, which is removed two weeks after the operation.

The laparoscopic method of removing the neoplasm is preferable for both the doctor and the patient. It is less traumatic, less blood loss, recovery is faster, the seams are almost invisible. During the operation, at the first stage, small incisions 1 cm wide are made in the peritoneum in the amount of five pieces. Optical instruments are inserted into the holes, with the help of which the organ, seminal vesicles and regional lymph nodes are removed. Laparoscopic prostatectomy is indicated for encapsulated tumors without metastasis.

An innovative technique for removing adenocarcinoma - da Vinci robotic prostectomy. In European countries, this method is used more and more often. The operation is carried out remotely using a robot. The "tentacles" of the robot are inserted into the abdominal cavity through small holes, which transmits an image of the operated organ to the computer monitor. Commands to the robot, what movements to perform, are transmitted by the surgeon through a special apparatus, making movements with special joysticks.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is used to treat tumors with advanced metastases. In addition, indications are neoplasm insensitivity to hormone therapy, recurrence after prostatectomy, locally advanced prostate tumor. Chemotherapy is the blocking of cancer cell growth and metastasis with toxic substances. In fact, chemotherapy drugs are poison for cancer cells. Once in the bloodstream, the drug is carried with the blood throughout the body and finds the most distant metastases.

However, drugs affect normal cells in a similar way. A drug with a selective effect has not yet been invented, so the consequences of chemotherapy can manifest themselves in the form of symptoms of intoxication:

• nausea with vomiting;
• diarrhea;
• weakness;
• anemia;
• lack of appetite;
• hair loss;
• dizziness;
• fatigue.

Radiotherapy

To reduce the rate of tumor division, blocking the appearance of metastases, radiation therapy or radiotherapy - radioactive irradiation is used. However, radiotherapy for prostate cancer does not guarantee a complete victory over a malignant disease. As a rule, radiation is combined with drug therapy to enhance the effectiveness of prostate cancer treatment.

An alternative high-intensity method of irradiation in the early stages of the disease is brachytherapy. The method is based on the introduction of radioactive iodine into the prostate gland. The procedure is carried out under the control of an ultrasound machine. Due to this localized effect, the level of radiation in the affected area increases, and nearby tissues do not experience strong harmful effects. You can perform the brachytherapy procedure on an outpatient basis, it takes about an hour.

Medication treatment

The growth of prostate cancer is stimulated by testosterone (a male sex hormone). Drug treatment is the use of hormones that reduce testosterone synthesis. Treatment of prostate cancer with drugs, such as GnRH, only inhibits tumor growth and the spread of metastases, reduces the manifestation of symptoms, improves the well-being of patients, but does not cure the disease.

Treatment with folk remedies

To overcome cancer, many factors must converge: timely early detection, successful treatment, strong immunity, and so on. This is a complex and long process. There is no guarantee that the treatment of prostate cancer with folk remedies will help. In any case, one should not hesitate, look for an easy way, self-treat with herbs, roots and other drugs. Consult a doctor, and let folk remedies be an addition to the main treatment. It is possible that they will alleviate the patient's condition, strengthen the immune system, remove toxins from the body.

1. Lungwort.
2. Collection: chamomile, wormwood, currant leaves, birch leaves, celandine, oats, mistletoe branches, wheatgrass, yarrow.
3. Collection of wild rose, wheatgrass, calamus root, burdock, black poplar.
4. Collection of barberry leaves, rose hips, lingonberry and strawberry leaves, elder flowers, primrose, calendula.
5. Collection: barberry, buckthorn bark, maple leaves, birch leaves, periwinkle, calamus, meadow clover flowers.
6. Infusion on alcohol of hop cones.
7. Alcohol infusion of fresh willow catkins.
8. A decoction of Ivan-tea.
9. Water or alcohol infusion of young thuja shoots covered with leaves. (Caution! Thuja is poisonous in large quantities).
10. Rectal suppositories and baths with propolis.

Forecast

Which doctor can give a prognosis for prostate cancer depends on the stage of the newly diagnosed disease. Detection in the early stages increases the patient's chances of a complete victory over the disease. In Germany, for example, this disease is given special attention, men are regularly examined and only 18% are diagnosed with prostate cancer. In America, 80% of men who were given a similar diagnosis were successfully treated for cancer. A positive outlook depends on how much attention you yourself pay to your health.

Attention! The information provided in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials of the article do not call for self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and give recommendations for treatment, based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

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Prostate cancer - the first signs and symptoms, stages, diagnosis and treatment of the tumor