Preparing parents for the conception of a child. Conception of a child

Many couples, having decided to become parents, are sincerely perplexed: why should they plan something if the child has not even conceived? Doctors are absolutely sure that planning for conception, and not just pregnancy, is not a whim at all, but a conscious necessity.

Pregnancy is a serious condition that requires the mobilization of all systems of the female body. Therefore to the question "How to prepare for the conception of a child?"  should be approached as responsibly as possible. After all, not only will you succeed in this? get pregnant quicklybut also the health of your unborn baby.

Many women believe that the most important sign that indicates the proper functioning of the female body is regular periods. Of course, a stable cycle is important. But a regular cycle does not guarantee rapid conception. Certain problems in the body that may interfere with pregnancy are not related to the regular cycle. In addition, it is worth remembering that some diseases can be transmitted to the child from the mother, so it is advisable to make sure that they are absent or cope with the disease before conception.

conception...

Conception determines the beginning of pregnancy. It is necessary to prepare for this important step in advance so that nothing subsequently obscures the meetings with your child. Many factors must be taken into account, such as age, the existence of inherited and acquired diseases, nutrition, the presence of bad habits, etc. All this should be paid attention not after pregnancy, but before conception.

Our ancestors regarded pregnancy as a completely natural state of a woman, and no wonder: not only in the peasant, but also in the noble, merchant, petty bourgeois families of women who gave birth to five to seven (and more) children, they were not at all considered “heroine mothers” . (Recall that abortion was prohibited by law and the Church, was condemned by public opinion.) However, those who have been tormented by nostalgia for the "good old days" do not interfere more often with remembering that our ancestors often also they were quite calm: “God gave - God took” - that’s the whole story. Now the times are different. Living conditions have changed, the mentality of people has changed ... And if you are not indifferent to the health of your unborn child, if it is important for you how it will grow and develop, pregnancy should be approached with all responsibility - hardly such a statement today needs extensive evidence. I would like to explain more specifically what is behind it.

How does conception occur?
  Conception - the formation of a new organism in the process of fusion of an egg with a sperm. Semen fluid, consisting of several million sperm, has the ability to lower the acidity of the vaginal environment, as a result of which it can remain in the female body for several days in anticipation of the maturation of the egg. In a woman’s body during sexual contact (during the ovulation period), an egg is released, progesterone production is enhanced, as a result of which the uterus is prepared for embryo reception and, as a result, conception occurs.

Briefly, the conception process can be described as follows: egg release and ejaculation - fusion of the sperm and egg - attachment of the egg to the uterus and its division - embryo formation

How to prepare for conception?

As a rule, in our society about 20 pregnant women think about preparing for childbirth, if not less, but about preparing for conception - on the strength of 10%. And then, the overwhelming number of “conscious” couples are preparing for conception because it does not occur by itself, i.e. there is a chance of infertility.

But there are questions related to the preparation for the conscious conception and not directly related to treatment and medical diagnoses.

There is an opinion that children themselves “choose” their parents and that a good harmonious couple will have exactly the child that they lack. Experts know that juggling the terms of conception on a calendar convenient for parents, zodiac signs, etc. often ends in failure. And when, the couple wave their hands: “Whatever happens,” then almost immediately wonderful children are obtained. Sometimes children are “mistaken" and then a very early miscarriage occurs. Naturally, all of the above applies to healthy parents who have not been treated for years for not bearing and infertility.

Let's start with a banal listing.

It is advisable to start by determining the blood type and Rh factor, if so far they have not been determined. It would be good to put in the passport a stamp of a medical institution with these data. A positive Rhesus factor in a woman and a negative one in a man do not present any cause for concern. If a woman has Rh-negative blood, and her husband has Rh-positive, then a Rhesus conflict may develop during pregnancy, so a woman is recommended to do a blood test for antibodies to Rh factor before pregnancy. The fact is that if a woman underwent surgery before pregnancy (including abortion) or a blood transfusion, or if the pregnancy is not the first, then there is a possibility of the formation of specific antibodies in her blood.

The Rhesus factor is an antigen contained in the red blood cells of humans and Rhesus macaques (hence the name). By the presence or absence of the Rh factor, Rh-positive (about 85% of people) and Rh-negative (about 15% of people) organisms are distinguished. During pregnancy, a Rh-negative woman with a Rh-positive fetus, immune complications are possible (hemolytic disease of the newborn, etc.). To prevent complications, antiresus-gamma-globulin is administered.

In recent years, it has been established that the interferon system is responsible for the body's immunity to viral infection. Interferons are secreted by the host cells in response to the infection that has invaded them. They selectively block viral RNA, preventing the virus from multiplying and not affecting the host cells. This allows the use of interferons in preparation for the planned pregnancy.

A significant factor in miscarriage is a change in the body's immune response. Autoimmune reactions develop against the body’s own tissues. The number of autoantibodies can increase after spontaneous abortions, as there is autoimmunization to the hormone produced by the placenta during pregnancy, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), in case of chronic infection, after previous endocrine diseases, in autoimmune diseases (rheumatism, systemic red wolf -toxic goiter, myasthenia gravis, etc.).

Preparing for a planned pregnancy in patients with a chronic bacterial-viral infection includes the following steps:

Assessment of the state of the reproductive system of the spouses, correction of the revealed violations;

Examination to identify an infectious agent (pathogen) - for this, a serodiagnosis is carried out, reflecting the degree of activity of the process;

Study of the immune, if necessary - interferon status, its correction;

Monitoring and correction of the blood coagulation system (hemostasis), which is activated during chronic infection, directly participating in the processes of death and rejection of the fetal egg;

Correction of energy metabolism of both spouses by prescribing courses of metabolic therapy (i.e. therapy based on metabolic correction).

If one of the spouses has common diseases that are not related to the generative function, i.e. with childbirth
(the so-called extragenital pathology), such as: oncological, endocrine diseases, dysfunctions of the heart, kidneys, liver, etc., it is necessary to consult a specialist with a subsequent examination. The purpose of this examination is to determine the degree of damage to the diseased organ, the adaptive capabilities of the body and the prognosis of fetal development. The study will determine the state of the reproductive system of future parents. Based on the data obtained, the doctor will determine the level of general (including reproductive) health and, if necessary, prescribe a certain preparation for conception, eliminating the risk factors for miscarriage.

The best preparation for pregnancy ---
  it is a healthy lifestyle that includes many factors - nutrition, physical activity, mental comfort, hardening, the fight against chronic foci of infection, the change of harmful work.

Proper nutrition is the key to successful conception.
Proper nutrition in the period preceding conception will help the fetus receive beneficial substances from the very beginning of pregnancy, when the formation of organs occurs. By the way, malnutrition is one of the causes of miscarriages.

Nutrition fully excludes all kinds of preservatives and convenience foods, fatty foods. Your diet must include fresh fruits and vegetables. Food should be taken 4-5 times a day and in no case should you have a snack on the go. Conception determines the beginning of pregnancy. It is necessary to prepare for this important step in advance so that nothing subsequently obscures the meetings with your child.

According to the Department of Dietetics, St. Petersburg Medical Academy named after Mechnikov, pregnant women do not need nutritional supplements and synthetic vitamins. In extreme cases, special mixtures can be used as prescribed by the doctor.

Folic acid  occupies one of the leading places in the prevention of certain congenital diseases. 2-3 months before conception and in the first 3 months of pregnancy, it is necessary to eat products containing folic acid: fresh herbs (not particularly leaning on parsley), cabbage, beets, carrots, peeled potatoes, peas, beans, whole grains, bran, seeds and nuts.

If a woman receives enough vegetable proteins and spends enough time in the air, then vegetarianism does not interfere with conception and successful pregnancy.

The most common foci of chronic infection in the family  - Mom's teeth, nasopharynx, vagina and intestines. Heal the teeth of the whole family and watch them carefully. Be sure to those who suffer from chronic diseases of the nasopharynx, it is necessary to prevent exacerbations - washing and rinsing. The incidence of staphylococcal and streptococcal infections in newborns (in which the maternity hospital is usually blamed) could be significantly reduced if the family were not the source of the infection itself. Also, in preparation for the conception, future parents are examined for various chronic infections (ureaplasmosis, chlamydia), because found diseases must be treated before pregnancy, and then undergo a rehabilitation course and increase immunity.

2-3 months before the planned conception, stop using hormonal contraceptivesbecause their residual amounts in the body reduce the absorption of vitamin C, magnesium, folic acid and increase the absorption of vitamin A. In addition, in the first months of hormonal contraception cancellation, the likelihood of twins is increased, because not one, but two eggs can come out of the ovaries.

Sperm cells mature within 2.5 to 3 months,  therefore, during this time before conception, it is advisable not to do X-ray examinations, especially to the pope.

Alcohol also negatively affects spermatogenesis.Some men say: the sperm maturation period is approximately 3 months, and therefore, conception in a state of intoxication is not so dangerous - after all, “old” and, possibly, “sober” spermatozoa erupt. At first glance, it’s all so, but ... In the sperm there are always ugly spermatozoa - sex cells with various pathologies. Under normal conditions, healthy sperm cells often overtake patients. But alcohol immediately when it enters the bloodstream begins to have a toxic effect on the sperm fluid, which is “responsible” for maintaining the viability of sperm. Changes in motility and death of part of normal spermatozoa give a dysfunctional good chance to "run" to the egg. And so, the probability increases conceptionfrom the sperm freak.
  But what about women? They also should not make too close friendships with the “green serpent”, if we are talking about the planned and desired conception. Based on, alas, a very rich material, scientists came to the conclusion that drinking alcohol before conception  significantly increases the risk of miscarriage and the birth of a child with a particular pathology. Therefore, prospective parents are advised to minimize alcohol consumption approximately 3 months before their intended conception!

Testicles overheating in a bathhouse or while working in a hot workshop, wearing too tight underwear or jeans can impair sperm quality. Remember that nature placed the testicles in the scrotum outside the body, and not in the abdominal cavity, because the comfortable temperature for them is 35 degrees.

Under these conditions, the probability of successful conception and the birth of a healthy baby is quite high.

But going to a doctor before conception is a prerequisite. Only a specialist will help to discover hidden problems that can adversely affect the course of pregnancy and the future baby. One of the parents may turn out to be the carrier of the pathogenic gene, as a result of which even apparently healthy parents may give birth to an inferior or sick child. A child with a birth defect can also be born to healthy parents as a result of violations in the germ cells. The risk of having such a baby is higher, the older the woman. Therefore, do not neglect the advice of geneticists and gynecologists at conception.

And do not forget that the best preparation for conception is a healthy lifestyle, proper nutrition and peace of mind! Any stress for you and your body (even the simplest ARI) can be reflected.

Does probability decrease conception a healthy child with a big age difference between parents?  - This question is of concern to so many men and women. The answer is simple: the age difference as such does not play any role in this case, age itself is important.
The age of a man.  To begin with, it is significantly less important than the woman's age. In men, as in women, the natural process of gradual decrease in the synthesis of sex hormones (the main one of which is the male sex hormone testosterone) begins with age. The average onset of “male menopause,” or andropause, falls between 45 and 60 years. However, a decrease in reproductive ability does not at all mean its immediate and complete extinction. The natural rhythm of reducing testosterone synthesis is approximately 1% per year. By the age of 80, testosterone production decreases on average by 20-50% compared to normal. But although a man’s “age” chances of becoming a father diminish with age, medicine has not been proven to have any effect on probability. conceptiona child with one or another pathology. That is, such a probability, of course, exists (no one is safe from it, alas), but it practically does not depend on the age of the man.
The age of a woman.From a medical point of view, the optimal reproductive age of a woman is 20-35 years. Until the age of 20, a woman’s body (again, an “average” woman) cannot yet be considered fully formed; he is often not ready to endure the global hormonal and physiological restructuring associated with pregnancy. Women over 35 years old are diplomatically called women of older reproductive age. Around this age (in someone earlier, in someone later), a natural decrease in female reproductive function begins. However, the point is not only to reduce the probability conception. Unfortunately, after 35-40 years a woman significantly increases the likelihood conception  a child with a genetic pathology (the most famous and common is Down syndrome). The mechanism of this phenomenon has not yet been clarified. However, thanks to modern means of prenatal diagnosis and the latest achievements of medicine in the field of pregnancy, the age limit of women who bear and give birth to healthy children rises before our eyes.
Age difference between parents - what does it affect?Here we pass from facts verified by science to the field of conjecture and theory. There is, for example, the opinion that couples with a large age difference are more likely to have, if not brilliant, then, in any case, very smart and talented children. Neither can medicine confirm or refute this, for, firstly, no one has yet defined clear scientific criteria for the mind, talent and genius, and secondly, it is not known to what extent the child’s intellectual potential can be considered innate, and to what extent - a product of education (do not forget that a big difference in years implies a solid age and, therefore, a considerable baggage of life experience for one of the spouses). There is also a theory that the age difference between parents affects ... the sex of the first child. If you believe the British doctors who conducted special studies, mature men, eager to have a first-born son, it makes sense to choose a younger life partner. Childless women of older childbearing age, dreaming of a daughter, should also look for a father for their child among the younger representatives of the opposite sex. However, systematic studies confirming such a dependence, as far as we know, have not been conducted anywhere in the world.

During pregnancy and childbirth, the female body experiences significant stress to all vital organs. The heart, kidneys, and liver work with renewed energy during pregnancy. They experience a lot of tension in the nervous, immune, endocrine systems. Providing the body's own needs is fading into the background, maintaining the vital functions of the new complex “mother - placenta - fetus" becomes a priority. This requires resources. Even if the body has a sufficient margin of safety, i.e. his general health, including the health of the reproductive organs, is able to withstand such a “test”, nevertheless, pregnancy is an additional (and very serious) burden on the body. According to the World Health Organization, a healthy woman is fully restored after childbirth no earlier than a year, and she can be recommended to re-pregnancy only 2 years after the previous conception. Childbirth planning should include a general examination, determination of the body's readiness for stress and the possibility of ensuring optimal environmental conditions. At the same time, your life, food, habits, work should be subordinated to one idea - the birth of a healthy child.

The health of the father of the unborn child is as important as the health of his mother. We hardly think about male reproductive health if the partner is easily pregnant. However, one should not forget that sperm can retain fertility, while being an excellent breeding ground for any microorganism, including viruses. Chronic prostatitis, for example, often remains unrecognized, since the structure of the male urethra (urethra) is such that the clinical signs of infection may not appear for a long time. A number of diseases experienced by adolescents during puberty can have a negative effect on emerging reproductive health. In addition, general and reproductive health by 70 - 75% is determined by the environmental situation, lifestyle, social and economic conditions, and only 25 - 30% are due to medical factors, which include the hereditary characteristics of the body.

What kind of specialists is desirable to visit before conception?

To all women who are planning to conceive a child, they do a general blood test (important indicators of hemoglobin, the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, etc.), a biochemical blood test, a general urinalysis, as well as smears and blood tests for genital infections: many of them have a harmful effect on the fetus.
  Spouses need to visit genetic counseling. Consult with therapist . The task, which is the detection and treatment of chronic diseases (cardiovascular system, kidney disease, diabetes, thyroid disease, anemia, tonsillitis, dysbiosis, immunodeficiency, etc.). The presence of chronic diseases can greatly complicate the course of pregnancy, therefore, their diagnosis and treatment is very important before conception. You need to check in before to the dentist   and solve all dental problems.
  A woman is recommended to be examined by gynecologist . A general examination, ultrasound, determination of the hormonal profile and some tests of functional diagnostics (measuring basal temperature) will make it possible to assess the state of its reproductive system in order to correct the pathology leading to problems with childbirth if necessary.
  It is advisable for the future father to consult with urologist   and andrologist , since many diseases of the genital area, adversely affecting reproductive health, can occur in a latent form (for example, inflammation of the prostate gland).
  In addition to visits to doctors, both partners must pass analyzes   - check for sexually transmitted infections (chlamydia, mycoplasmosis , ureaplasmosis), the presence of herpes virus, cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis, exclude syphilis, HIV, hepatitis B and C.

Chronic, untimely detected and untreated viral or bacterial infection is one of the main factors in miscarriage. Even in the absence of a direct effect on the fetus, the infectious process leads to the development of chronic endometritis, endocrine and autoimmune disorders, causing deviations in the development of the embryo (fetus), up to its death.

Referral to these tests will be given by a gynecologist or therapist. A woman must definitely check the immunity to rubella, and if it is insufficient, then vaccinate at least 3 months before conception.

In which cases is prospective parents advised to consult with a geneticist before conception  welcome child?
  - If any of the parents at any time was close to the source of radiation.
  - If any of them worked as a house painter, an x-ray laboratory assistant, was engaged in harmful chemical production.
  - If, due to health reasons, they often had X-ray studies or they took medications that have teratogenic (causing "breakdown" of genes) effects.
- If the spouses are distant, but blood relatives, and if the future mother is over 35, and the future father is over 40: in this case, the risk of having a child with a hereditary pathology increases significantly.
  - If a couple (as well as relatives of future parents) had cases of a dead birth, the birth of a child with malformations, with a hereditary pathology (Down syndrome, hemophilia, cystic fibrosis, etc.).
  - If a woman suffers from repeated miscarriages, miscarriage (this may be due to genetic pathology).

In addition, in order to reduce the risk of mutations (gene breakdowns) leading to the birth of a sick child, it is advisable for women to take folic acid, vitamins, microelements before pregnancy (the dosage and rules for admission can be obtained from a gynecologist at the antenatal clinic). If you have a Genetic Center in your city, then you can turn to them for specific recommendations on conception. They, as a rule, do not deal only with the problems of hereditary diseases and infertility, as they often think, but they are also happy to examine a “normal” couple. Most often examined for the presence of chronic infections, such as chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, ureoplasmosis, etc. It is advisable to treat the infections found before pregnancy, having passed the immunocorrection stage and the recovery phase.

Pregnancy is contraindicated if ...
  Modern medicine has significantly reduced the list of diseases that are absolute  contraindications for gestation and childbirth. So, even women with some forms of heart disease or patients with diabetes can know the joy of motherhood today. However, contraindications to pregnancy still remain:
  - conditions incompatible with gestation (epilepsy);
  - diseases in which pregnancy and childbirth pose a threat to a woman's life:
  - severe heart disease with circulatory disorders;
  - severe hypertension with circulatory disorders;
  - cirrhosis of the liver;
  - lung diseases with respiratory failure;
  - kidney diseases leading to chronic renal failure (glomerulonephritis, etc.);
  - systemic diseases of the connective tissue (lupus erythematosus);
  - oncological diseases.
  In some of these cases, doctors may even recommend surgical sterilization to a woman as the most reliable method of preventing a deadly pregnancy.
  In addition to absolute contraindications for pregnancy, there are temporary associated with a particular state of the organism of future parents. So, it is not recommended to allow pregnancy during an exacerbation of chronic diseases and for infectious diseases, during the year after any surgical (cavity) operations, during a sharp weight loss, and also against the background of various courses of treatment (chemotherapy, radiation) and taking drugs contraindicated during pregnancy. The occurrence of pregnancy in these circumstances can be a danger to the health of the mother or fetus (or both together), but after a lapse of time with an improvement in health status and the termination of the use of drugs incompatible with pregnancy, a woman may well become pregnant, bear and give birth to a healthy baby.

If you decide to do everything possible for your unborn child, having begun preparations for its appearance even before its conception, do not doubt that you made the right decision! Who will help an inexperienced couple to deal with all the questions that arise during preparation for pregnancy, make an individual list of necessary examinations, etc.? This is not a problem right now. In addition to state medical institutions such as antenatal clinics, clinics, family planning centers, specialized non-state structures have appeared that provide consultations to perinatologists, andrologists, and psychologists. The main thing is your desire!

P.S. - If you are already pregnant and happy about it - we are also happy for you. Don’t be discouraged or discouraged by the fact that you ignorantly ignored the recommendations of doctors about preparing for pregnancy. Refer - certainly with the father of the unborn child - to specialists, and you will receive the necessary help - both medical and psychological.

Pregnancy planning

Pregnancy is the most wonderful moment in life in every family. This event should be treated with all seriousness and responsibility.

Pregnancy planning contains many subtleties that you should familiarize yourself with in advance. In order for the conception to be successful and the unborn baby to be born healthy, you need to know how to prepare for pregnancy correctly.

If a man or woman has hereditary diseases in the family, the degree of probability of transmitting the disease to the child should be identified. In that case, it’s worth a visit. the doctor.

There is an analysis determining the level of compatibility of partners. It must be carried out if pregnancy does not occur for a long time.

In certain situations, conception may only be possible in the process. artificial insemination.

REFERENCE!  Experts deny the existence of absolute infertility. Even in the most difficult situations, there is a small percentage that a couple can become parents.

Vaccinations

No one is safe from the appearance of serious diseases during pregnancy. Therefore, it is preferable to vaccinate  against the most common diseases. These include:

• Chickenpox.
• Rubella.
• Hepatitis B.
• Diphtheria.
• Flu.

Most vaccinations are given as desired. Opinions about the need for their implementation vary. But experts recommend maximally protecting your body from possible diseases. Most vaccinations should be done six months before the immediate moment of conception.

ON A NOTE!  A woman can be vaccinated in the antenatal clinic to which she is attached.

Preparing the body for pregnancy

The success of conception is greatly influenced by the lifestyle of a married couple. The process of bearing a child is incompatible with the use of and. Should be discarded bad habits  at least three months before pregnancy. This applies not only to women, but also to her life partner. and affect, decreasing the chances of a possible pregnancy.

Pregnancy planning is welcome playing sports. They significantly strengthen the body, preparing it for a new position. It is also recommended to monitor the everyday. Preference should be given. healthy food. It is better to refuse fast food, sweets, smoked, salty and spicy.

You need to eat more protein and plant foods. As a snack, you can use nuts, dried fruits, vegetables, fruits, cottage cheese desserts, etc. contributes to good health and general health improvement.

Stressful situations during pregnancy planning should be avoided. Against the background of them, menstrual irregularities can occur, which makes conception almost impossible. A woman should keep a schedule of the onset of menstruation, writing down all the data in a separate notebook. This information will allow the gynecologist to determine the causes of possible problems.

REFERENCE!  Yoga and stretching classes strengthen the muscles of the abdomen and pelvic floor, which favorably affects the endurance of the body during pregnancy.

If there is excess weight, then he needs to get rid of it. It may interfere pregnancy. Particular attention should be paid healthy sleep, walks in the fresh air and psychological mood.

It is advisable to deal with the replenishment of vitamins before planning pregnancy. Certain vitamins affect specific life support systems  organism. Therefore, a deficiency of vitamins can extremely negatively affect the conception and health of the unborn child. Most often, women are assigned vitamin complexes. For men, special preparations are also provided. The most important vitamins include:

• folic acid;
• vitamin C;
• zinc;
• selenium;
• calcium;
• b vitamins;
• magnesium;
• iron;
• vitamin D.

It is very difficult to overestimate the benefits of vitamins in preparation for pregnancy. When planning a child, the female body requires a lot of strength and nutrients in order to bear the fetus. Thanks to their presence, the baby will be able to fully develop.

Despite the fact that vitamins are essential for the body, their intake should not be started without consulting a doctor. Hypervitaminosis of certain vitamins can also adversely affect the development of the baby, as well as deficiency.

ON A NOTE!Useful substances need to be scooped not only from synthetic drugs, but also from food.

Key moment  in preparation for motherhood is the determination of favorable days for conception - the period. Without it, the process of conception is impossible. Each cycle in the female body the eggs grow and mature.

But fertilityAs a rule, only one of them gets it. When the sperm and egg merge, a fetal egg is formed, which is soon implanted in the uterus.

Ovulation can be determined using the following methods:

• special ovulation test;
• by measuring basal temperature;
• ultrasound procedure.

There are many factors that can enhance probability of success. These include certain postures during intercourse, calculating ovulation, taking certain medications, etc.

In some women, a pathology such as bending the uterus is observed. It does not greatly interfere with the process of conception. But depending on the side of the bend, poses are chosen. Get up sharply and go to the shower after sexual intercourse  a woman is not recommended. It is better to lie down for a couple of hours, placing the basin on a high pillow.

Some couples have a desire to conceive a child of a particular gender. In fact, nature is difficult to deceive. But there are ways through which you can increase probability of giving birth to a girl  or boy.

Sperms with a male chromosome are faster, but they have a shorter lifespan. Sperm with female chromosome  slow, but despite this, they live a long time.

If sexual intercourse occurred before the onset of ovulation, it is likely that the sperm with the female chromosome will meet with the egg. In order to get pregnant as a boy, you need to practice intimacyon the day of ovulation.

Lack of ovulation. To stimulate the release of the egg, a woman is prescribed hormonal drugs.

Sometimes pregnancy breaks down in the early stages due to insufficient volume of the endometrium or low levels of progesterone. These problems are solved by using hormonal drugs on certain days. menstrual cycle.

In those situations where hormonal drugs are helpless, surgical intervention is involved. It can be laparoscopic or abdominal surgery. Laparoscopy is considered a diagnostic procedure, but within its framework it is possible to carry out the removal of various formations on the genitals. Abdominal surgery is performed in the presence of more serious problems.

IMPORTANT!  Treatment may take some time. Therefore, future parents should be patient, controlling their psychological state.

Femibion, Elevit Pronatal, Vitrum and Complivit.

ON A NOTE!The dosage of drugs is prescribed based on the hormonal background of the woman. Before starting treatment, it is very important to donate blood to the level of hormones.

For promotion male fertility  prescribe medications containing zinc, selenium and folic acid. Such medicines as Speman, Tribestan, Spermaktin, Himkolin and Verona are widespread. It is not recommended to take the listed medicines without a doctor’s prescription.

Compliance pregnancy planning rules  provides its favorable course in the future. The better the preparation for a new position, the more problems can be avoided.

Preparation for pregnancy  - a set of measures aimed at improving health, solving everyday problems and creating the right psychological attitude before conception. Careful planning of the child reduces the likelihood of having a baby with developmental disabilities, complications during gestation, as well as conflicts in the family.

The opinion that only a woman should prepare for pregnancy is erroneous. In fact, men's health plays an important role in the processes of conception and gestation. A future mother who has had a missed pregnancy or a miscarriage needs more careful preparation aimed at finding out the causes of complications.

Ovulation calculation

Ovulation is the process of the exit of the female reproductive cell from the ovary into the free abdominal cavity. This phenomenon is observed approximately in the middle of the menstrual cycle - on 12-14 days from the last bleeding. Ovulation and 1-2 days after it is the time at which conception is possible.

For a fast pregnancy, the future mother should know the date of ovulation. A woman can take advantage, but it may be inaccurate.

To calculate ovulation, a woman planning a pregnancy can focus on subjective sensations - an increase in volume and a change in the consistency of vaginal discharge, pain in the lower abdomen, and an increase in libido. However, more reliable results can be obtained by measuring and conducting home tests.

Home ovulation tests are a strip that measures the concentration of hormones in the urine. There are also special devices that diagnose the release of an egg into the abdominal cavity by the composition of saliva. The most accurate method for calculating ovulation is to monitor the dynamics of follicular maturation on ultrasound equipment.

To give up smoking

Pregravid preparation for pregnancy must necessarily include smoking cessation. Cigarettes contain many harmful substances that have a negative effect on the body of the expectant mother and child. Carbon monoxide reduces the amount of oxygen in the blood, nicotine inhibits the central nervous system, resins are powerful toxins.

Smoking in itself significantly reduces the likelihood of conception, since nicotine and other harmful substances have a depressing effect on the internal female organs. Tobacco abuse can cause infertility.

Smoking during pregnancy increases the chance of intoxication of the baby, his oxygen starvation. These factors are the cause of intrauterine growth retardation and development and pathologies of the unborn child’s nervous system. Using tobacco while carrying a baby can lead to premature birth.

Smoking abuse is the cause of premature placental abruption, intrauterine death of the baby. Nicotine and tar increase the likelihood of a child developing asthma and pathologies of the cardiovascular system. That is why a woman planning a pregnancy is advised to give up cigarettes in advance. Quitting smoking even at the earliest stages of gestation does not exclude the occurrence of pathologies in the fetus.

Alcohol exception

Like smoking, drinking alcohol affects the fertility of the female body. Long-term use of high doses of ethyl alcohol can cause ovarian atrophy.  - the main body responsible for the onset of ovulation.

Alcohol use is one of the types of addictions, so a woman planning a conception should abandon it in advance. Reception of ethyl alcohol has a negative effect on the body of the unborn child.

Even a small amount of beer or dry wine can have irreversible effects. Ethyl alcohol increases the likelihood of placental abruption and miscarriage.  Also, chronic alcohol consumption can cause developmental abnormalities in a child. The fetal nervous system suffers the most - children whose mothers took alcoholic beverages lag behind their peers in mental development.

Chronic alcoholism is the cause of fetal hypoxia. It leads to a delay in fetal growth and development of the unborn child. Also, drinking alcohol increases the likelihood of stillbirth.

The most important thing about preparing for pregnancy:

Normalization of body weight

Increased or reduced body weight can cause problems with conception and bearing. To determine the normal weight of the expectant mother, you should calculate your BMI (body mass index). Its optimal values \u200b\u200blie between 18 and 25. To calculate the BMI, you should divide the weight in kilograms by the square of growth in meters.

Excessive thinness causes female infertility. Fat cells are involved in the metabolism of sex hormones, with their severe deficiency menstrual irregularities and the absence of ovulation are observed.

Obesity, as well as lack of weight, negatively affects the fertility of the female body. Increased body mass disrupts the synthesis of progesterone, is a producing factor of polycystic ovary syndrome.  Extra pounds increase the load on the musculoskeletal, urinary and cardiovascular systems of the mother during pregnancy.

To normalize body weight, a woman planning a pregnancy is recommended to observe the calorie intake. Also, in the period of preparation for bearing a future mother, it is useful to play sports. Developed muscle tissue has a beneficial effect on the course of pregnancy.

Folic acid intake

Folic acid or vitamin B9 is a substance necessary for normal cell division. Its deficiency during pregnancy provokes defects in the neural tube of the embryo and other pathologies associated with abnormal tissue growth processes.

A woman planning to conceive a baby should start taking folic acid 3-6 months before the alleged pregnancy. A lack of vitamin B9 causes pathologies on the part of the mother - anemia and bone marrow disorders. Also, a deficiency of this substance can provoke female infertility.

Gynecological examination

Gynecological examination at the planning stage is the prevention of various pregnancy complications. It includes visual and instrumental examination on the chair, the delivery of a smear from the vagina for analysis and hormonal profile.

Preparation after a frozen pregnancy or miscarriage should include a search for the causes of the termination. Quite common causes are genital infections and progesterone deficiency. Both conditions can be eliminated with the help of competent medical care.

Preparation for a second pregnancy after cesarean section without fail includes an ultrasound examination of the uterine scar. Its failure can cause organ rupture in the last weeks of gestation or during childbirth.

If a woman plans to conceive after 40 years, she should check the condition of the ovaries. Quite often, at this age, functional atrophy of the organ occurs. Ovarian failure is an indication for the use of a donor egg and IVF.

Genetics Consultation

Preparing for pregnancy after 30 years should include consultation with a genetics. This procedure is recommended for women at any age. However, after 30-35 years, the likelihood of congenital anomalies in the unborn child increases significantly. This feature is due to the fact that with age, the mother's eggs accumulate genetic mutations.

The specialist determines the genotype of a man and a woman, revealing the carriage of pathogenic mutations. The doctor can determine the likelihood of a child developing diseases such as thrombophilia, color blindness, achondroplasia, phenylketonuria, cystic fibrosis.

Genetics consultation is mandatory for couples who have a history of more than 2-3 miscarriages in a row. Quite often, spontaneous abortion is a consequence of congenital malformations incompatible with life.

Chronic Disease Compensation

Pregnancy is a kind of test of a woman's body. During gestation, the load on all mother systems increases. That is why in order to fully prepare for pregnancy, the future mother should compensate for chronic pathologies.

The greatest influence on the course of pregnancy is exerted by diseases of the cardiovascular and urinary system. Especially dangerous are pathologies such as arterial hypertension, chronic renal failure, coronary artery disease.

Also, the expectant mother should maximally compensate for existing diabetes. During pregnancy, elevated or decreased blood glucose concentrations negatively affect fetal development.

Refusal of hormonal contraception

At this stage of medicine, the exact effect of oral contraceptives on the development of the unborn child is unknown. A woman planning a pregnancy should give up hormonal pills in advance - at least for one menstrual cycle.

After drug withdrawal, the woman’s body returns to independent hormonal regulation. This process may take several months. Against the background of the abolition of oral contraceptives, it is possible the simultaneous maturation of several eggs in the first cycle. This may entail the conception of two or more children.

Financial questions

Raising a child is a very costly process. That is why, before the alleged conception, parents are advised to solve all financial difficulties and pay off their debts. Spouses should have a "safety cushion" in case of unforeseen expenses.

Psychological training

Before conception, the expectant mother should be mentally tuned for the upcoming pregnancy. The process of bearing can be complicated by various pathologies, a woman should know about them and be prepared for their appearance.

Psychological preparation consists in a positive attitude and elimination of stress. Negative thoughts of the expectant mother increase the chance of not unsuccessful attempts to conceive. Emotional stress and anxiety can cause malfunctions in the menstrual cycle and lack of ovulation.

Family history collection

A predisposition to many complications of gestation and childbirth can be inherited. When planning a conception, a woman is advised to talk with her relatives about pregnancy.

Weak labor, gestational arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus are just a small part of pathologies with a genetic predisposition. The future mother should be aware of possible problems and be prepared for their development.

Compliance with diet is one of the factors for successful conception and easy pregnancy. A woman should get used to dietary restrictions in advance, since during gestation it will be difficult for her to give up her beloved and delicious food.

The expectant mother's daily diet should include a sufficient amount of protein.  Their best sources are lean meats, poultry and fish, as well as eggs and dairy products. A woman planning a pregnancy is recommended to eat cereals, cereals, fresh vegetables, fruits and berries, as well as nuts.

In preparation for the conception of the expectant mother, you should limit the consumption of convenience foods, smoked, fatty and canned foods. She is also advised to reduce the amount of chocolate and other sweets in her daily diet.

Vitamin E intake

Vitamin E or tocopherol is responsible for the maturation of the eggs of the expectant mother. Its deficiency in the diet can cause infertility. The largest amount of vitamin E is found in foods of animal origin - chicken eggs, milk, meat, liver. However, tocopherol is also found in plant foods - sunflower oil, almonds, walnuts, mountain ash, rose hips.

With a severe lack of vitamin E, a woman can detect various symptoms. These include dry skin, decreased visual acuity, brittle nails, distraction, spots on the skin. In this case, the expectant mother is recommended to take tocopherol preparations.

Visit to the dentist

During pregnancy, deterioration of the teeth is observed. This feature is associated with an increase in the need for calcium and fluoride, which are spent on the growth and development of the baby. If the expectant mother has a slight caries, during gestation its abrupt progression is possible.

Also, caries and other diseases of the oral cavity are a source of bacterial flora. There is a risk of migration of pathogens to other organs, including the membranes. The ability to move bacteria around the body is associated with a decrease in the immunity of the expectant mother.

During the period of carrying the baby, it is forbidden to use many types of painkillers. Analgesic drugs can penetrate the placenta and have a negative effect on the fetus. That is why it is preferable to cure existing diseases of the teeth and gums before conception.

Dr. Komarovsky about preparing for pregnancy:

Communication with spouse

In preparation for pregnancy, future parents are encouraged to communicate with each other about the planning of the child. Such conversations strengthen the emotional bond between spouses, allow you to get to know each other better. Also during communication, you can draw up a rough plan for the education of the future baby, based on the preferences of both parents.

It is useful for a future mother to find out the partner’s attitude about the baby before conception. Sometimes she will have to reconsider her views on some things, come to a compromise with her husband. Solving everyday problems after pregnancy can lead to quarrels and misunderstandings.

The study of specialized literature

Before the planned conception of the expectant mother, it is recommended to carefully study all the nuances of the process. A woman should be familiar with the mechanisms of fertilization, the course of pregnancy, the upcoming birth. Knowledge helps to prepare for bearing a baby and not be afraid of various problems.

Also, a woman planning a pregnancy is recommended to study books and films on raising children and caring for them. The expectant mother should learn the rules of feeding, washing and swaddling the baby in advance.

Preparation for pregnancy for men

The processes of conception and gestation depend not only on the woman, but also on her partner. The quality of male seminal fluid is influenced by many factors - nutrition, smoking, alcohol, stress, physical activity. To identify pathologies of the reproductive sphere, the spouse is recommended to take a spermogram. This analysis will show the quality and quantity of male germ cells.

Sperm are updated in 2-3 months, which is why a man should lead a healthy lifestyle before the alleged conception. To improve the quality of seminal fluid, it is recommended to eat a balanced diet, exclude alcohol and smoking.

Also, men should not attend baths and saunas and take hot baths. High temperature provokes the death of sperm. To improve the quality of seminal fluid, a man is recommended to use vitamin complexes Spematon or Pregnoton.

The future father should be tested for genital infections. Some of them may have a secretive course and not be transmitted to a woman. However, during pregnancy, the mother's immunity is reduced, which increases the likelihood of infection.

Eliminate Risks

At first glance, a man is required not so much - try to lead a relatively healthy lifestyle. First of all, he should reconsider all his habits and exclude harmful ones from this list. Today in the medical environment there is a lot of talk about the dangers of smoking and alcohol, both on the fertility of a man and on the health of his offspring. And not in vain, because nicotine, entering the body of a man, affects the amount of sperm produced, and alcohol affects their quality: it provokes the production of sperm with chromosomal abnormalities. And together nicotine and alcohol “clog” the male body with toxins. These harmful substances are removed from it within a few months, which directly affects the reproductive function of men.

Therefore, experts advise members of the stronger sex to refrain from drinking alcohol and quit smoking for three to four, and even better - six months before the planned conception.

It is also important for a man to remember that fatherhood and drugs are incompatible things. Whether they are light or heavy, the harm from using these drugs is obvious. Their effect on the reproductive function of men is to reduce spermatogenesis, as well as in the development of "low-quality" male germ cells. In addition, in a man who uses hard drugs, sexual desire is reduced or absent completely. And children born from him can “inherit” drug addiction or various forms of developmental disabilities. If you decide, "I want to become a dad," you will have to give up drugs.

Physical activity, in contrast, is necessary for a healthy male body. However, in sports it is important not to overdo it. The fact is that with too intense stresses, a man may experience overheating of the testicles, which is undesirable if he plans to become a father. That is why frequent visits to saunas and baths are not recommended, and hot baths should become an extremely rare pleasure.

At the time of conception planning, it is better for a man to abandon too tight underwear and clothes that contribute to overheating of the male genital organs and can cause circulatory disorders in the lower part of his body.

Sedentary work, strong and chronic fatigue, stress - do not add to the man’s health, this should be avoided.

The age at which a man plans to become a good father is not as important for conception as the age of a woman. But do not forget about the natural aging of the body, which also affects the reproductive system.

Proper diet

When a couple is planning a pregnancy, experts unanimously advise - no diets for weight loss. Of course, you need to follow him, but without fanaticism. A man's nutrition should be balanced so that proteins, fats and carbohydrates enter the body in a ratio of 1: 1: 4 - this is the optimal formula necessary for the normal process of sperm formation.

Fresh or freshly frozen vegetables and fruits should prevail in the daily diet of the future dad. It is better for him to abandon sweets, carbonated drinks, muffins, in favor of products that favorably affect the quality of sperm. So, folic acid, which contains citrus fruits, kiwi, asparagus, broccoli, spinach, liver, is involved in the process of maturation of male germ cells with the correct chromosome set. The lack of zinc (found in mussels, crabs, oysters, beans, mushrooms) affects the viability of sperm. A lack of selenium (it is found in meat, liver, fish, wheat) threatens a man with infertility.

Vitamin A, which is found in butter, eggs, cod liver, yellow and red vegetables and fruits, is needed to speed up sperm renewal. A sufficient amount of B vitamins, which are found in black bread, white chicken meat and cereals, has a beneficial effect on testosterone production. Vitamin C protects the seminal fluid from the harmful effects and provides a normal amount of active sperm. Its deficiency can be compensated by eating fresh fruits, vegetables and herbs. Vitamin E, whose task is to protect germ cells from oxidation and increase their fertility, is found in cereals, nuts, sunflower oil, and sprouted wheat.

Hello, Doctor!

It is assumed that in a completely healthy couple, pregnancy may not occur within a year. This is not a cause for concern and is due, in particular, to some features of the female body. However, a medical examination confirming that the man is healthy is a very desirable step in planning for conception. You need to start it with a visit to the urologist, whose duties include collecting an anamnesis, examining the genitals and examining the patient for sexually transmitted diseases.

Further, at the discretion of the doctor, you may need, and if necessary, consult with a geneticist. In addition, the future father may need to take a general blood test, biochemical, blood test for RW (syphilis), HIV and hepatitis, establish a blood group and Rh factor.

Dad has everything according to plan

Parents often learn about the sex of the unborn child from the doctor during the next ultrasound, when the pregnancy has already taken place. But what if dad really wants only a son or only a daughter? Then to help him come now popular methods of planning the sex of the baby.

If the woman’s cycle lasts 28 days, then the baby’s sex can be planned, knowing the day of ovulation, which occurs on the 14-15 day of the cycle. So, if the proximity occurred before ovulation, the probability that a girl will be born is higher - sperm with the Y chromosome die, and the egg is fertilized by a sperm with the X chromosome. If sexual intercourse occurred at the time of ovulation, then fertilization occurs using a sperm with a Y chromosome, so the couple should wait for the boy.

According to another planning method, the sex of the child depends on the parity of the mother’s age and the month of conception. A woman becomes pregnant with a girl at an even age in even months, at an odd age - in odd months. By a boy - exactly the opposite. For example, if a woman is over 23 years old and she becomes pregnant in May (an odd month), then she is most likely to have a girl. Dad can only make an appropriate schedule of proximity.

You can try to plan the sex of the unborn child, observing a certain diet. If products containing potassium and sodium ions prevail in the couple’s menu three weeks before conception, then a boy will be born to her. If you use mainly products containing calcium and magnesium ions - you should expect a girl. The expectant mother should adhere to such a diet for at least seven weeks after conception.

Are you planning a boy	Are you planning a girl
Potassium-rich foods: fruits (especially bananas, peaches, apricots), fruit juices, dried fruits, fresh vegetables, beef, chicken, lamb, turkey, fresh fish, salmon, oysters, shrimp, whole wheat, brown rice, honey, yogurt, noodles, cereals , nuts, pasta.	Foods Rich in Magnesium:bran, yeast, buckwheat, cucumbers, beans, peas and bean pods, spinach, avocado, alfalfa shoots, nuts and sunflower seeds, cocoa.
Foods Rich in Sodium:  sea \u200b\u200bfish, seaweed, salt, bread, pork, cheese, bacon, ham, corn chips, olives, pickled vegetables, mustard.	Calcium-rich foods:  dairy products, especially cottage cheese, cheese; Fish and seafood; cabbage, beets, carrots, artichokes, nuts and seeds (especially pumpkins, sunflowers).

Plus one"

Preparing for paternity is not just about tests and a healthy lifestyle. A woman in a position like no other will need support and understanding, care and patience. And it is precisely the man’s behavior that largely determines how his beloved will feel, and therefore their future baby, in this difficult period for the couple. Taking care of and taking care of the expectant mother, the man will thereby establish such an important contact with the unborn baby.

A couple expecting a baby needs to spend a lot of time together, find something that brings joy and good mood to both of them (walks in the fresh air, cinema, shopping). Positive emotions - this is what the days of a pregnant woman should be filled with. Therefore, the man’s duty is not to upset his wife and in every possible way protect him from stress, “unload” her from housework and indulge in pleasant surprises.

In the second half of pregnancy, the couple is recommended to start attending courses for future parents. This will help a woman get rid of fear of childbirth, get the right attitude, and a man will understand what his beloved has to go through, how exactly he will be able to help her in this. In the classroom, dad will also learn the basics of handling a newborn - this will certainly come in handy for the future father.

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