Tar birch required documents for implementation. Birch tar: benefits and harms, reviews

(birch tar) and aspen bark (aspen tar). The products of dry distillation of resinous coniferous wood were called resin (not to be confused with the actual resin).

Pine tar (resin)

Dry distillation furnace in Joland, Sweden

Dark, thick and sticky liquid obtained from pine. Pine tar has been used for centuries to cover boats, ships, ropes and wooden structures. The production of resins from wood was known in Ancient Greece and was probably used in Scandinavia since the Iron Age. In the era of the sailing fleet, starting from the 14th century, it is the most important export product of the northern countries. Sweden exported 13,000 barrels of tar in 1615 and 227,000 barrels in the peak year of 1863. Production almost stopped when wooden ships were replaced by steel ones.

Pine tar is obtained by pyrolysis of wood. Prior to the creation of modern pyrolysis installations, they were obtained in a special pit, compacted with clay, having an inclined bottom towards the outlet. The hole can also be in the center if the stove is made of stone. The wood is split into small pieces and fits tightly. Above, it is densely covered with mud and moss to stop air access. The tree is set on fire. The pyrolysis products flow out after a few hours and continue to flow out for several days. Turpentine and rosin were by-products. The next step in technology was steel drums used as a reactor.

Types of pine tar (resin) in Russia

• Resin week - the lowest grade of resin, brown-reddish color with a high content of resin water, in the form of drops.
• Caviar resin (caviar) is a little better than a week: a mass of caviar grains floats in the ground water.
• Seryanka resin - obtained at the very beginning of resin production, brownish in color.
• Resin is a bad liquid pit resin, which in most cases goes to overcooking.

Depending on the methods of tar-smoking, these varieties receive other names:

• Pit resin - is extracted by distillation of tar in poor quality pits.
• Grease resin - furnace resin, obtained by distillation of smolnyak in ovens - "huts".
• Boiler resin - resin obtained by distillation in boilers.
• Batan resin is obtained due to the enhanced mixing (batanya) of resinous substances with resin water, in a ratio of 5: 3.

Abroad, Russia sold resin of five grades:

• One-piece is the thinnest resin, completely clean and easy to drain from the dipstick.
• Dvuubezhka or liquid seryanka is clean, smooth, but not caviar, viscous and much thicker than previous varieties.
• Three-quarters or thick - the resin is thicker than those described above and is significantly fine-grained.
• Quadruple or caviar is a thick, coarse-grained resin.
• Furnace resin is the thickest and blackest resin.

• Elm resin - pine, two varieties:

• 1st grade - molasses density, red-brown color, creosote taste, pungent, strong liquorice smell.
• The 2nd grade, called chemical, is much thicker than the 1st one, without a licorice smell, was used mainly in construction.

• Vologda resin - coniferous, two varieties:

• Steam - looks like a thick molasses, a little caviar, has a red-brown color when translucent, a pungent, creosote taste, a licorice smell with a taste of castor oil, was used mainly for pitching, nets, ropes, ropes, whips, etc.
• Caviar - a boiler room, in the form of a batter, very caviar, almost opaque, with a slight taste of castor oil. Used to lubricate horses' hooves.

• Tverskaya (red) resin is red-brown in color, with a subtle resinous smell and delicate taste. It went mainly for pitching gear and ropes. The redder this resin, the more expensive it is.
• Vyshnevolotsk tar is a pure pine, steam, cauldron resin, black with a reddish-brown tint; consistency of sunflower oil, resinous smell, resinous turpentine taste. I went to lubricate the wheels.
• Wheel tar or clean cauldron pine resin without admixture of birch tar, very thick, cloudy, reddish-brown; the taste is resinous and turpentine, the smell is resinous. I went to lubricate the wheels. This is the lowest grade of tar in general.

Modern uses of pine tar

Diluted with water, it is used as an aromatic substance with a specific taste and smell:

• as an additive to candies (e.g. Terva Leijona) and alcohol (Terva Viina), Finland
• as a spice for food production, such as meat.
• as a scent for a sauna: mixes up with water thrown on the stove
• as an anti-dandruff component in shampoo
• as a component of cosmetics
• by mixing tar with linseed oil, wood paints are obtained.

Birch tar

Tar, obtained from birch bark during pyrolysis in retort pots. In appearance, it is a thick, oily, non-sticky liquid of black color, with a bluish-greenish or greenish-blue tint in reflected light, in a concentrated form it has a very specific odor. The taste and smell are defined as yuft. It contains a lot of paraffin and very little creosote. In the countries where it was exported, it is known as "Russian butter".

Types of birch tar in Russia

• Birch bark and raw tar were mined in the Pskov and Tula provinces. This is pure birch tar.
• Aspen tar is obtained from aspen bark and differs from birch by a sharp specific smell.
• Tar-distilled (half), wind resin, half-wick, half-cut, shushmin - a mixture of pine resin with birch tar. Color - black with a slight greenish tint, contains a large amount of creosote. It was used very widely: in the manufacture of leather, for wheel lubrication, in construction. Good tar is completely absorbed into the skin and does not stain. Due to the high content of creosote, it is not suitable for fattening leather.
• Knee or knee is the last kick out of the scum, a bad and dirty variety of tar.
• Wheel tar is a mixture of pure birch tar with coniferous resin.
• Steam tar - cauldron, is obtained by distilling birch bark in kozans and cooling the steam in a cooler.
• Kargopol tar - clean, birch bark, greenish brown with a slight blue tint; the smell and taste of yuft; the consistency of hemp oil. Used for premium leather.
• Finnish tar - steam, cauldron half, with a greenish tint and slight redness, unclear, slightly thinner than Kargopol tar; the taste is resinous and turpentine, the smell is resinous. It was mainly used to lubricate carriage wheels in such weather when wheel tar solidifies on the axles.
• Vologda tar - steam, cauldron, half, birch bark with a slight admixture of resin, greenish-brown in color with a dull blue tint; the smell is tar-resinous. Used for the manufacture of lower grades of leather.

Application of birch tar

• as wheel grease;
• as an inexpensive lubricant, for example, wood parts;
• for impregnating wood, for example, sleepers (see also creosote);
• used to protect leather products, primarily shoes (boots);
• to lubricate the harness so that it does not turn brown in the cold;
• in veterinary medicine (treatment of lichen, treatment of hooves of cattle and horses);
• in medicine - as a component of ointments (for example, "Vishnevsky's ointment");
• in cosmetics - as a component of Tar soap;
• in chemistry - as a raw material for subsequent processing;
• in everyday life - as a means for washing the head and protecting the skin from gnat (diluted).

Other types of tar

In many languages, the original word tar meant precisely pine tar for resin ships. Various materials are currently used for pyrolysis, and the resulting products are sometimes called tar. These are oil, coal, peat. For example, oil-derived bitumen or pitch has little in common with traditional pine tar.

Tar harm and mechanism of protective action

The smoke emitted during the combustion of any organic matter always contains tar. This tar has carcinogenic properties, which are manifested when it gets inside the body by inhalation or with food. Especially dangerous is the tar formed when burning fossil fuels - coal, oil, etc.

In medicine, birch tar is used only externally, and pine tar, which has a pleasant specific smell, is used even in the food industry. But its application is wider in construction. Pine tar forms a strong film on the surface, which prevents water absorption. This passive protection does not chemically act on wood and fungi, but only maintains the dry state of the tree, preventing the development of decay. According to the EU directive, pine tar, as a biosecurity agent, can be used further.

Punishment with tar

Punishment of the criminal

In some countries, such as the United States, it was customary to punish criminals with tar. The criminals, drenched in tar, were usually sprinkled with feathers and exposed in a prominent place or chased down the street.

In Russia, the gates and (or) the doors of the dwellings of dissolute women were smeared with tar.

Chemical composition

Contains benzene, xylene, cresol, toluene, guaiacol, phenol, resins and other substances. It dissolves in alkalis and alcohol. It dissolves poorly in water (lighter than water).

In heraldry

The coat of arms of the city of Velsk, approved on October 20, 1760, depicts tar a filled barrel in a golden field. As a sign that the inhabitants of that city are engaged in a noble bargaining.

Coat of arms of Velsk (1760)

Modern coat of arms of Velsk

Famous people with the surname Dyogtev

In folk art

If negative traits of tar are reflected in Russian folk sayings, then in other countries positive traits are attributed to tar. We are talking about completely different substances - birch tar and pine. Pine is used in food products and flavorings, birch, on the contrary, even in small quantities spoils both taste and smell:

Notes

Literature

• // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: In 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Petrov N.I. Rope and rope production. Chapters: "Resin and Tar", "Pasting of Thread", "Pitching of the Net". - M., 1898 .-- S. 110-114, 121-123.

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Synonyms:

See what "Tar" is in other dictionaries:

Adverch, number of synonyms: 5 throw (25) year (5) move away (14) ... Synonym dictionary

igot - I, h. Mortar, mortar ... Ukrainian Tlumachny vocabulary

Vladimir Alexandrovich Dyogot Birth name: unknown Occupation: professional revolutionary, Soviet functionary Date of birth: 1889 ... Wikipedia

This article or section contains information about one or more planned or upcoming films. The content can change dramatically as the release date of the film approaches and new information becomes available. This term exists ... Wikipedia

Tar (tar); m. A thick, dark resinous liquid with a smell, obtained by dry distillation of wood, peat or coal. Chasing the tar. ◊ Spoon in the ointment (in a barrel of honey) (see Spoon). ◁ Tar, weaving (weaving); m. Tar, oh, oh. Double soap. ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Ekaterina Dyogot (2012) Yekaterina Yurievna Dyogot (born December 2, 1958, Moscow) art critic, curator, and ... Wikipedia

Tar, especially from pine and birch, has long found widespread use in economic, medical and cosmetic purposes, so its industrial production is traditionally in demand. But since it is not difficult to make birch tar yourself, you can extract it yourself in small quantities if you need it.

Tar, or wood resin, is a product of thermal decomposition (pyrolysis) of complex organic components of wood and bark into more molecularly simple components. It is a viscous, with an unforgettable smell, a mass that is easily diluted with alcohol and alkali, but with water it is bad, since water is heavier. The liquid consists of cresol, phenol, guaiacol, toluene, benzene, resins, xylene and other substances.

How to make tar yourself

To get good tar at home, you need to find the right raw materials. It should be borne in mind that birch and pine products have different properties and applications with the same mining principle.

To obtain birch mass, there is a birch with an abundance of fresh birch bark, which must be carefully separated without damaging the lower layers - otherwise the tree is doomed to dry out. You should not take a lot of birch bark from one trunk, it is better to choose a grove with many trees and take a little from each. Dry raw materials are not suitable - you need fresh birch bark. The collected bark is rolled up tightly into rolls.

To obtain a pine product, any part of the wood with bark is taken, which then has to be thoroughly chopped.

To melt the tar you will need:

• large capacity for raw materials;
• a container with a smaller diameter and volume for collecting the flowing liquid;
• a lid for a large container;
• tightly closed container for the finished liquid;
• clay mass or dough;
• oppression.

Advice! Pots, cast iron, large cans are suitable as containers.

Obtaining by melting the resin is a fairly easy process.

• In a large container, where the raw material is placed, a round hole with a penny or several holes is made.
• A hole is dug in the soil with a depth equal to the height of the smaller vessel.
• A small container is installed in the pit, a large one is installed on it, but so that its walls are above the pit.
• A clay mass or a simple dough is applied to the joints in order to exclude the release of volatile mixtures - the basis for obtaining a full-fledged product.
• A large vessel is filled with tamped wood or tightly twisted birch bark, covered with a lid, the edges are similarly coated with dough or clay.
• A weighty oppression is placed on top.
• A medium-intensity flame is built around the towering container, which must be maintained for approximately 3 hours.

Note! Heating a layer of clay or dough will dry, crack and fall off in pieces. Therefore, you need to have a fresh batch on hand in order to close up the damaged areas in time, otherwise the mass will not be of sufficient quality.

After cooling, it remains to disassemble this structure, remove a smaller container, where the liquid mass has flowed down, and pour it into a prepared vessel for further storage. The yield from 10 kg of raw material is approximately 200 ml of tar.

What is the difference between birch and pine tar

From what to get the tree resin - from pine or birch, depends on the purpose of using the product, since they have significant differences.

Pine tar is sticky in appearance, dark, aromatic. In the old days, wood and floating means, rigging and carts were impregnated with it from moisture. Today its scent is popular in steam rooms and saunas, it is added to some varieties of confectionery, meat products and alcoholic beverages, perfumes, wood paint and cosmetics.

Birch resinous mass, on the contrary, has a sharply repulsive odor that can penetrate into nearby products and objects. It looks almost black, oily, devoid of stickiness. A characteristic feature is a bluish-greenish overflow of a dense mass. The saying "A fly in the ointment in a barrel of honey" undoubtedly refers to the birch variety.

The use of the resin varieties also varies. The birch product is used:

• as a cheap lubricant;
• when impregnating wooden products and parts;
• with protective lubrication of leather shoes;
• in the fight against pests of agricultural plants;
• when protecting tree trunks from damage;
• as a repellent;
• in folk and official medicine as an internal and external healing agent of bactericidal action, it is included in the famous Vishnevsky ointment;
• in veterinary medicine - heals lichen and protects horse hooves;
• in cosmetology in the production of tar soap, shampoo.

Pine mass is traditionally used:

• for aromatization of baths;
• when getting rid of seborrhea;
• in the production of cosmetic and perfumery products;
• when receiving paints for wood;
• as a spice for meat, sweets and alcohol.

For economic purposes, a mixture of birch and pine tar is sometimes used.

Now we would like to tell you about another wonderful medicine obtained from birch bark - birch tar, the use of which for medical purposes is just as widespread and effective.

Tar is obtained as a result of dry distillation of birch bark. Considering that it is quite laborious to do the distillation on your own, it is easier to buy tar at the pharmacy. It is a dark and oily viscous liquid with a very complex chemical composition (phytoncides, xylene, toluene, phenol, organic acids - this is not a complete list of tar components), which, among other things, has a very pungent and unpleasant odor. By the way, most likely, in the proverb about a barrel of honey and a fly in the ointment, it was just about the smell, and not about the color or taste of this additive.

By the way, in fairness it is worth mentioning that tar can be made not only from birch bark, but also from juniper, pine and beech.

Birch tar. Healing properties

Before the rapid development of the chemical industry, tar was very actively used in completely different spheres of life of the peoples inhabiting Russia. They even say that the Europeans called tar “Russian butter”. It was used as a lubricant for rubbing parts of various designs and for processing leather products - as a result, they did not allow moisture to pass through, remained soft and comfortable.

But skin is skin, and health is more important - the use of birch tar for medicinal purposes has always been a priority. The list of diseases for which healers used this wonderful remedy is quite large:

• various skin diseases - both common (scabies, skin rashes, lichen, scrofula, seborrhea, eczema, psoriasis, pyoderma, neurodermatitis, etc.), and those of an allergic nature, for example, diathesis. It is not for nothing that tar soap and various medicines for skin diseases that contain tar are very popular in our time;
• fungal diseases;
• diseases of the throat, lungs and respiratory tract (cough, bronchitis, bronchial asthma, tuberculosis and even lung cancer);
• catarrhal cystitis;
• mastopathy;
• hemorrhoids;
• joint diseases.

But that's not all - birch tar can be used as an antiseptic, using it to protect wounds and burns from decay. In this case, it will also accelerate the regeneration processes, improve blood circulation and rejuvenate the skin. Like, tar can be used as an anthelmintic.

All these wonderful healing properties are less in demand today - the development of pharmacology has greatly changed our lives. Nowadays tar is a part of various medicinal and cosmetic products: ointments of Vishnevsky, Wilkinson, Konkov, antiseptic essential oil, tar soap, hair care products, etc. In its pure form, it is used mainly by traditional medicine enthusiasts who are aware of the dangers of pharmacological treatment and avoid taking pills.

Birch tar. Instructions for use

Tar can be applied internally or externally, and both methods have different variations depending on what disease is being fought with.

For example, for pulmonary tuberculosis, it is recommended to take 1 drop 3 times a day with a drink or milk (there is also such a recipe - to drink tar with one tablespoon of milk, increasing the dose every day from 1 drop to 40, and then reducing the dosage back from 40 drops up to one, but 40 drops of tar is not so little, be sure to consult your doctor). In addition, birch tar with milk is used for cancer of the lungs, throat and stomach, catarrhal cystitis, diabetes mellitus, thrombophlebitis, strokes - however, the dosages for different diseases will be different.

In psoriasis, sore skin areas are lubricated with a mixture of purified tar with birch ash (in a ratio of 3 to 1). With eczema, the composition of the ointment is already more complicated: tar, combustible sulfur, beeswax, honey, copper sulfate, vinegar essence, sunflower oil.

In a rather unexpected way, tar is used to treat hemorrhoids. Half of the red brick is heated, then it is placed in an empty iron bucket, 2 drops of tar are dripped onto it, resulting in smoke. And here you have to sit on this bucket, having first exposed your ass. You need to sit for 15-20 minutes before going to bed.

If the smell of tar irritates you, then you can use tar water for treatment - it helps with hair loss, constipation, asthma, skin pigmentation and many other diseases. Drink it or rub it into the skin. Preparing tar water is quite simple: four liters of cold spring water, a pound of tar, this mixture is mixed for 5 minutes with a wooden stick, after which the vessel should be properly closed for two days, allowing the tar to settle. After it has settled, it is necessary to carefully remove the foam in the tar, and carefully drain the transparent liquid into a separate bottle - this is tar water. Store it tightly closed. Drink this water in the following way: adults 100 grams, children - 50 grams in the morning 15-20 minutes before meals.

Please note that in many cases we did not indicate the dosage and proportions in which the components are combined. This is an attempt to highlight one important point - you should not self-medicate without consulting a doctor. With a doctor who can tell you what, how and in what quantities you need to drink to feel good. Moreover, tar has contraindications for use. And the author of this article is not a doctor.

Birch tar: contraindications

There are not so many contraindications - the period of preparation for pregnancy, the pregnancy itself, the period of breastfeeding, hypersensitivity to the components of tar. Before using tar, it is advised to conduct an allergy test. And you should definitely consult with your doctor.

Zeytun soap with tar. Tar is a well-known natural remedy for various skin diseases and inflammations since ancient times.

Probably, the use of one or another type of tar depends on the availability of raw materials. For example, white birch grows only in Russia and in Europe, and even then not in all, therefore, in the United States, they mainly use coal tar as the most affordable. In Finland, pine is more common for the same reason. Their effectiveness is different.

In places where the harvesting of pure birch bark is limited, birch bark of dead birches, birch fallen trees and stumps are used as raw materials for obtaining pure tar. The output of tar from this raw material is much lower, and the quality is worse; nevertheless, such tar is quite suitable for household needs. Birch bark and resin are used as raw materials for the production of “half” tar.

Tar soap works well with acne and pimples, is recommended for use in eczema, psoriasis and dermatitis, and is also extremely effective for getting rid of dandruff. Olive oil in the composition neutralizes the drying effect of tar, making tar soap suitable for all skin and hair types. It is effectively used to get rid of acne from the skin, relieve inflammation and irritation, cleanse the skin and make it more velvety and tender, increasing blood circulation in tissues, promotes skin rejuvenation, makes hair look healthy and thicker.

The raw material for tar production is the bark of various hardwoods, and pure tar is only birch bark (birch bark). Pine wood is used for the production of resin and turpentine.

Birch bark consists of the top layer, or birch bark proper, bast and inner cambial layer. Birch bark is a corky wood tissue that protects the tree from external adverse influences and contains fatty substances. The best raw material for tar production is "juice" birch bark, that is, birch bark taken from growing or freshly cut trees. Lower grades of tar are obtained from wastes of the plywood and sawmill industries, birch branches and birch skin.

Essential oil Botanika "Birch tar".

Clean or sap birch bark is stripped without lubnyak (bark) from growing birches or fresh cut birch sawn. Mass harvesting of birch bark is carried out in June and July, and a little earlier in the southern regions. At other times, the birch bark lags badly behind the bast. Therefore, before starting mass harvesting, you need to make sure on samples that the birch bark can be easily removed. In cases where workers are already at the harvesting site in the forest, and it is still impossible to harvest birch bark, they need to be switched to harvesting birch bark from dead birches, deadwood and stumps, as well as resin, firewood, etc.

The greatest yield of tar is obtained from birch bark taken from trees of older ages.Therefore, birch bark should be removed, as a rule, from trees with a diameter of at least 12-14 cm.

Mirroll tar shampoo for dandruff. Thanks to the use of a biologically active component - birch tar, which has antimicrobial and disinfectant properties, the shampoo improves skin condition.

When removing birch bark from growing trees, the splint or bark of the birch is often damaged and the tree becomes sick. Therefore, birch bark is usually allowed to be harvested only in those felling areas that are subject to felling in the same or next year. During this time, the tree does not have time to rot and does not lose its ornamental qualities. In some cases, with the permission of the chief forester, it is allowed to harvest birch bark in forests that are not subject to felling. In this case, the harvesting of birch bark should be done very carefully so as not to damage the splint (bark). On the tree from which the birch bark was removed, but the bast was not damaged, after a few years the birch bark, called "double der", or "barma", is restored.

The most convenient tools for harvesting birch bark are a light ax and a cutter. In some cases, a light ax is replaced with special knives. When removing the birch bark with a cutter from top to bottom, an incision is made along the tree trunk along the entire length of the removed area. Then a porch is inserted into the slot, which, when moving from the bottom up, separates the birch bark from the splint. Usually, when removed, pieces of birch bark are obtained with a length of 35-70 cm, a width of 20-70 cm. The removed birch bark is collected in packs and folded for drying or withering on wooden lining.

When sidding tar in ovens, casing, pots and cauldrons, the birch bark removed from the trees is pre-pressed.Loading compressed birch bark into the tar distillation apparatus speeds up the work and facilitates the work of the gardener. For pressing birch bark, a handicraft lever press is used, known among the tar-cutters under the name of pulp.

Botanika Natural soap "Birch tar".

Pressing birch bark is performed as follows.

On two thin poles, laid inside along the length of the pulp, pieces of birch bark are placed one on top of the other to a height of 60-70 cm. By pressing the lever, the birch bark is squeezed. Then, in parallel with the lower ones, two poles are placed on top and their ends are tied with knots. As a result, "packs" of birch bark are obtained.

1 m 3 of dried birch bark densely packed in heaps weighs 90-100 kg, and compressed in packs - 140-150 kg.

The labor productivity of workers engaged in the harvesting of birch bark is very different, since it depends on the quality of the cutting area (its purity, density, ripeness of the stand, etc.). Therefore, production rates for harvesting birch bark are set depending on specific conditions. On average, labor costs for harvesting a ton of birch bark are: a) juice 12-15 man-days, b) from deadwood 15-20 man-days and c) when debarking birch firewood 10-12 man-days.

The capacity of tar production should be determined primarily by the availability of raw materials.

From 1 ha of cutting area with an average stock of 100 m3 of birch, 0.8 to 1.2 tons of birch bark can be harvested. From this amount of birch bark, with the most economical use of it (a good distillation apparatus, a qualified master tar maker, etc.) no more than 330 kg of birch tar.

Wood tar, oils obtained from wood tar, whether or not decreeosotized, and wood creosote.

1. Wood tar is released from wood (coniferous or other species) during carbonization in kilns (eg Swedish or Stockholm tar) or when distilled in retorts or kilns (distilled tar). The latter can be obtained directly by settling subsurface liquids (sedimentary tars) or by distilling subsurface liquids in which they were partially dissolved (dissolved tar). Partially distilled tars, from which some volatile oils are removed by further distillation, are also classified in this heading. All these degas are complex mixtures of hydrocarbons, phenols or their homologues, furfural, acetic acid, and various other products.

Unlike tar obtained from non-resinous wood, tar obtained from resinous wood also contains products distilled from the resin itself (terpenes, resin oils, etc.); they are viscous products of various colors, from brownish-orange to brown. They are used (after simple dehydration or partial distillation immediately upon receipt) mainly for the impregnation of ship ropes, as plasticizers in rubber production, in the preparation of mastic, in medicine, etc.

Tar, obtained from non-resinous woods, is a thick brownish-black liquid that is mainly used for the production of distillation or other means of a wide range of by-products (wood creosote, guaiacol, etc.). The heading also covers the essential oil of juniper, also known as juniper tar, which is used in medicine and in the manufacture of soap.

2. Oils obtained from wood tar are obtained by the distillation of wood tar. Light oils (containing aliphatic hydrocarbons, terpenes and higher ketones) are used in the manufacture of solutions for washing sheep and spraying liquids for gardens, heavy oils (containing aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, higher ketones and higher phenols) are used to impregnate wood and to extract wood creosote. Decreeosoted oils obtained after the extraction of creosote are used according to their characteristics for ore beneficiation by flotation, for the manufacture of fungicides, as solvents, as fuel, etc.

3. Wood creosote is one of the main components of wood tar. Usually it is obtained by distillation of tar obtained from non-resinous wood, followed by its isolation from the corresponding fraction with sodium hydroxide, re-acidification and re-distillation. It is a colorless liquid that stains on exposure to air and light, has a smoke smell, is a caustic liquid and is used, in particular, as a disinfectant and antiseptic. It should not be confused with creosote oil or mineral creosote.

Vegetable pitch

It represents the remnants of the distillation process or other processing of plant materials. This includes:

1. Wood pitch (wood tar pitch), the residue of the distillation of wood tar.

2. Rosin pitch, the residue after obtaining rosin alcohol and rosin oil by distillation of rosin.

3. Sulphate pitch, residue from the distillation of tall oil, etc. These pitches are usually blackish-brown, reddish-brown or yellowish-brown in color. They are usually softened by the warmth of the hand. Depending on the type, they are used for caulking ships, for applying a waterproof layer on fabrics, for impregnating wood, for obtaining anticorrosive coatings, as bonding materials, etc.

In general ... tar is a kind of "burnt" product(strong heating without air access, dry distillation). The ointment with its addition sometimes smells like burnt plastic (I remember, my friends who were especially sensitive to odors were asked who burned the comb). And the hair after a tar-containing mask, if not rinsed properly with sour water, smells like an ashtray.

Tar is a product that has antiseptic and disinfectant properties. It is used as a medicine in the treatment of various skin diseases. You can get it yourself, from birch wood by dry distillation.

How to get birch tar with your own hands?

You'll need : a knife for removing birch bark, an enameled bucket with "ears", a saucepan (2.5 l), a metal sheet 500х500х3 mm with 30 holes Ø 2.5–3 mm in the center, steel wire (5 m long and 3 mm in diameter) , chopped birch bark, bricks (stones), firewood.

Instructions

1. On the territory of Russia, to obtain birch wood, the method of dry distillation is used (at a temperature of about 650 ° C). In cases where you plan to get tar on your own, then it is best to use birch bark for this purpose. It will be possible to collect it from the very first warm spring days, in May or June.
2. In order to get 0.5 liters of birch bark tar, you will need to prepare 2 kg of birch bark. In the case of a birch forest that is subject to felling, the selected birch bark must be clean and free of sagging and thickening. At this time, birch bark is removed from birch very easily. That is, from top to bottom, cut the birch bark with a knife and remove it.
3. You can also use dead or fallen birch birch trees, but with sufficiently strong wood. True, in this case, you will receive tar in much smaller quantities. But the best result can be obtained from birch bark of old trees with a diameter of about 13 cm. Birch barks removed from birch are collected in bundles. Next, to dry with the white side, we put it up, and then press it.
4. In order to get tar, you will need to find a flat area away from the buildings and dig a hole there. After that, the chopped birch bark is placed in a bucket and covered with a steel sheet (holes in the center and a recess in the middle for collecting birch bark tar). At the same time, do not forget to make sure that the bulge is on top. On a perforated sheet (with 4 holes with a diameter of 3.5 - 4 mm) we put a pan into which birch bark tar will flow.
5. We stretch the wire through 4 holes and tighten the resulting structure tightly. We seal the gap between the bucket and the metal sheet with a thick solution of clay, thereby excluding the possibility of its seepage. Turn the resulting "installation" upside down and place this structure over the pit.
6. Cover a bucket of birch bark with wood. Set fire to wood. When the temperature reaches 600-650 ° C, the birch bark tar will flow through the holes into the receiving dish (pan). This will take about 1.5 hours.
7. Drain the resulting tar very carefully into a dark bottle. To prevent the volatilization of nutrients, seal the glassware tightly. Under these conditions, tar can be stored indefinitely.

See also: