Alat blood test is an increased reason. ALAT and ASAT in blood: liver tests for liver enzymes

Good day to all my readers! Today we will talk about the increased rates of AST and ALT in terms of biochemical blood test. People are interested in what this means, especially since the analysis itself is new, not so long ago. It is especially important on Mondays, when people receive tests - I have already learned this from my own practice.

What is ALT and AST

Analysis for ALT in most cases comes with AST. For them, the norm is the same. These abbreviations mean the presence of the enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and asparaginine aminotransferase (AST) in the blood plasma.

Their activity is counted in arbitrary units, since it is difficult to accurately determine their concentration in the blood even with modern devices. They are considered by their enzymatic activity. I will not describe how the calculation is going, it is not necessary for us, ordinary people.

These enzymes work inside the cells of our body. Their role is to transfer groups of atoms from one amino acid to another. That is, they perform transport functions. The second name for these enzymes is transaminases. ALT is alanine transaminase, AST is aspartic transaminase.

These enzymes are present in all cells, some more, others less. Liver cells have the highest concentration of ALT, and heart cells have more AST enzymes ... In other tissues, the indicators are also different.

These enzymes enter the bloodstream only from destroyed cells. This means that an increased level of AST and ALT enzymes in the blood indicates that the body is in the process of cell destruction. If ALT is elevated, it means the liver is experiencing certain problems, you need to pay attention to this and take measures to improve it.

If the AST indicator is increased, it means there are some problems in the heart. You need to pay attention to this body.

AlAT norms in blood

for women before 31 pcs

for men up to 41 pcs

Norms of AST in blood

for women before 31 pcs

for men up to 41 pcs

These are, so to speak, average values. for the average person leading a normal life. The norm is not an ideal, but with these indicators people live and feel more or less bearable.

How much can the indicator increase

If you have some excess according to the test results, then it is important to imagine how much it has deviated from the norm.

If the indicator is 2 - 5 times higher than the norm, then this is a moderate increase - additional analysis will probably be required after some time to track the dynamics.

If the indicator is 6 - 10 times higherthen this is an average increase - consultation with a doctor is recommended.

If the indicator is more than 10 times higher than the norm, then this is a high increase - you need to see a specialist.

The reasons for the increase in AST and ALT

The increase in performance is influenced by viruses, various hepatitis - medicinal and alcoholic, heart attacks, pancreatitis. In general, any health problems are reflected in these indicators.

Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of health status is required., and it can only be given by your attending physician, or a specialist who deals with you on the problem with which you turned to him.

ALT or AST increased for no reason

Check your medications, probably among them there is one that can give side effects on the liver. This is the most common reason this kind of promotions. Most often, ALT can be increased by taking statins, drugs to lower cholesterol.

Also, experts advise consult a hepatologist or gastroenterologist... Doctors will prescribe drugs to protect the liver (hepatoprotectors) and treat the gastrointestinal tract.

Increased ALT during pregnancy

Sometimes you have to deal with the fact that ALT can be increased in a woman during pregnancy. This is permissible, and if a woman is under the supervision of a doctor, then there should be no cause for concern. Plus, if the state of health is relatively normal, then the indicator should be considered only as a signal of pregnancy, no more.

Video - why is alt analysis increased?

Friends, I publish this video solely for your acquaintance with the information that the specialist gives. All the phone numbers and contacts of the clinics present in the video have nothing to do with me.

conclusions

Increased AST and ALT indicators by biochemical analysis blood tests indicate that in the tissues of the heart and liver is the process of cell destruction.

Avoid harmful effects medicines, alcohol, fatty and fried. See your hepatologist and gastroenterologist who will prescribe restorative procedures for you.

But I repeat once more it is not worth making any scary conclusions on this analysis... Do not scare yourself and loved ones ahead of time. To find out the reason for the increased rates, you need to have additional examinations, and even then, if your doctor prescribes them. If the specialist sees no reason for concern, then you do not need to worry.

In the comments, you often write your test results, but I will not give you any recommendations. There is an excess of the norm, but I will not tell you what caused it.

How to lower ALT levels - pay attention to oatmeal jelly. I talked in detail about the recipe for cooking here, follow the link and cook. Indicators should, if not return to normal, then go down. Oats have a good hepatoprotective effect.

ALT or ALAT (alanine aminotransferase) and AST or AST (aspartate aminotransferase) is a combination of complex protein molecules with non-membrane permanent elements of cells, otherwise enzymes. Their main purpose is to accelerate the chemical reaction of amino acids (alanine and aspartic), which link protein and carbohydrate metabolism. The production of enzymes in the body occurs endogenously, that is, intracellularly, therefore in the blood healthy person the concentration of AST and ALT is insignificant.

General information about ALT

The main location for alanine aminotransferase is hepatocytes (liver cells). In smaller quantities, it is contained in the myocardium, pancreas, kidneys and tissues of the muscular apparatus. Aspartate aminotransferase is concentrated to a greater extent in the heart muscle, as well as in the liver, brain neurons, and skeletal muscles.

With a destructive change in the listed organs, enzymes are released and in large quantities enter the systemic circulation. When the AST or ALT enzyme in the blood is elevated, this means a violation of the integrity of organ cells, therefore, the development of pathological processes.

ALT and AST are in close correlation. A healthy ratio of enzymes, aka de Ritis coefficient, ranges from 0.91 to 1.75. A low coefficient (below one) indicates the presence of hepatic pathologies. An excess of the indicator by 2 times indicates the destruction of the myocardium.

The concentration of ALT is identified in the framework of blood biochemistry. The enzyme is a marker of the organic state of hepatocytes, and liver health. According to its quantitative content, signs of liver diseases are determined at the preclinical stage, that is, before the appearance characteristic symptoms discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes (jaundice).

An increase in the indicators of the main enzyme of hepatocytes allows the doctor to assume the presence of:

• hepatitis of various etiology;
• cancer processes in the liver;
• cirrhosis (all varieties);
• steatosis (fatty degeneration of the liver);
• fatty hepatosis;
• cholestasis (violation of the synthesis and outflow of bile);
• progressive muscular dystrophy;
• toxic liver damage (medicinal, alcoholic, etc.);
• pancreatic diseases;
• violation of cardiac activity.

First of all, pathologies associated with cytolysis (destruction of hepatocytes) fall under suspicion. Unsatisfactory results of ALT (ALT) in biochemical analysis require additional verification by laboratory and hardware methods. On the basis of blood counts alone, pathology is suggested but not definitively diagnosed.

Blood biochemistry research parameters

Signs of increasing values

- a method of laboratory study of biofluids, in order to identify functional disorders in organs and systems of the body. The study is assigned:

• according to the patient's symptomatic complaints (persistent pain of any localization, indigestion, heart and respiratory functions, malfunctions of the nervous, endocrine, hepatobiliary system and renal apparatus);
• within the framework of clinical examination;
• for preventive purposes;
• upon contact with patients infected with viral hepatitis;
• to control the therapy of diagnosed diseases.

During the perinatal period, women donate blood for biochemistry several times, which makes it possible to timely diagnose possible disorders in the body of the expectant mother, which negatively affect the development of the child. Particular attention is paid to the ALT indicators in the blood test when the patient shows symptoms of hepatic pathologies:

• nausea and heaviness in the epigastric region;
• alternating diarrhea and constipation (constipation);
• loss of interest in food (loss of appetite);
• yellow coating on the tongue and bitterness in oral cavity;
• subfebrile (37–38 ° C) body temperature;
• itchy skin (especially in the face area);
• a change in the shade of excrement to a light yellow, dark color of urine;
• pain in the hypochondrium on the right;
• yellowish tint of the eye whites
• chronic flatulence;
• telangiectasia ( spider veins) and hematomas of non-traumatic origin;
• swelling.

With diagnosed liver diseases, the analysis for the content of AST and ALT in the blood can be prescribed separately to monitor the dynamics of treatment.

Rules for the preparation and delivery of the analysis

To obtain objective results, a biochemistry analysis should be done after a simple preliminary preparation. The patient must comply with the following conditions:

• for 5-7 days, exclude the use of alcoholic beverages, because toxic metabolites of ethanol disrupt the synthesis of proteins and enzymes in the liver.
• in 2-3 days, eliminate fatty foods and fried foods from the diet, so as not to create additional stress on the liver and pancreas;
• temporarily stop using medications;
• observe the fasting regimen before the procedure for at least 8-12 hours.

Why do I need to be tested on an empty stomach? This is due to the fact that any food changes the composition of the blood, and fats make the plasma cloudy. Test results on a full stomach will be inaccurate.

ALT Reference Values

ALT guideline values \u200b\u200bare classified by gender (in men and women) and by the age of the patient. In children, from the moment of birth to 6 months, the indicators of the norm increase, then change depending on age, and acquire stability after adulthood.

Reference! The measurement value for alanine aminotransferase is U / L. The coefficient for conversion to SI (mmol / L) is 5.6.

The upper limit of children's indicators of the enzyme content in the blood should not exceed the following values \u200b\u200b(in U / l):

Alanine aminotransferase reference values \u200b\u200bfor adults:

When assessing the ALT indicators, without fail, the obtained AST values \u200b\u200bare taken into account. The interpretation of the analysis results is carried out within a day.

Reasons for deviation from the norm

The enzyme index can deviate from the standard values \u200b\u200bboth upward and downward. Both options are unsatisfactory and indicate intense cell destruction. A decreased level of ALT is recorded much less frequently than an increase in the concentration of the enzyme in the blood.

There are two main reasons for the decline in performance:

• extensive necrosis of hepatocytes, as a result of advanced chronic liver diseases;
• long-term deficiency in the body of pyridoxine (vitamin B 6).

Vitamin B 6 is actively involved in the production of ALAT and ASAT. With its chronic lack, enzymes are synthesized in insufficient quantities. Hyperenzymemia (elevated ALT levels) is classified into four grades:

• easy - an increase in indicators by 3–5 times;
• moderate - 5-6 times;
• average - more than 6 times;
• high - more than 10 times.

The reasons for the increase in ALT are associated with acute or chronic pathologies of the liver and heart. Myocardial infarction (necrosis of a part of the heart muscle) is presumably diagnosed with an ALT indicator that exceeds the standards by 5 or more times. In this case, the Ritis coefficient also increases. Acute inflammation the pancreas gives an increase in enzyme indices at least 3 times, muscular dystrophy - 7-8 times.

In viral hepatitis, an increased value of alanine aminotransferase is observed, 20-50 times. There are three main types viral disease two additional:

• botkin's disease or hepatitis A;
• serum (hepatitis B);
• post-transfusion or hepatitis C;
• type D and E (diseases associated with the main types).

With toxic (alcoholic) hepatitis, ALT values \u200b\u200bcan be increased by a factor of a hundred. A high level of the enzyme in the results of biochemistry, especially in the absence of pronounced symptoms, is a reason for additional examination. The patient needs to donate blood for an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect the hepatitis virus.

In case of incurable cirrhotic liver damage (cirrhosis), the ALT content in the blood can be increased from 225 U / L to 2250 U / L. Results depend on the stage and etiology of the disease. Cirrhosis can have the following etiology:

• viral - it is formed as a complication of the transferred hepatitis A, B, C;
• pharmacological or medicinal - develops with prolonged incorrect medication;
• toxic (alcoholic) - occurs as a result of chronic alcoholism;
• exchange-alimentary - formed against the background of chronic pathologies of the endocrine system; cryptogenic (with an unknown nature of origin);
• biliary (primary and secondary) - is a complication of gallbladder disease;
• autoimmune, the cause of development is a malfunction of the body's immune system.

The highest ALT is recorded in viral and alcoholic cirrhosis. If there is a suspicion of cirrhotic changes in the liver tissue, the patient urgently needs to undergo an ultrasound of the peritoneal organs.

To others possible reasons elevated enzyme levels include:

• Pancreatic necrosis, otherwise the death of pancreatic cells, as a complication of advanced pancreatitis.
• Cholecystopancreatitis and chronic inflammation pancreas. During the latent periods of the disease, the level of alanine aminotransferase is slightly increased. A sharp increase in the enzyme in the blood means an exacerbation of the disease.
• Myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle). Pathology is diagnosed by comparing ALT and AST indicators and calculating the Ritis coefficient.
• Sharp and chronic diseases liver (steatosis, steatohepatitis, hepatosis).
• Cancer transformation of hepatocytes (more often, arises as a complication chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis).
• Alcoholic, medicinal or other liver intoxication.
• Chemotherapy course of treatment.
• Heart attack and pre-infarction state.
• Epstein-Barr virus infection (mononucleosis).

In the case when the alleged diagnosis is not confirmed during further examination, false results may mean non-compliance with the conditions of preparation (drinking alcohol, eating fatty foods), as well as a state of neuropsychological stress or physical exhaustion at the time of donating blood.

To reduce the high ALT in the blood, first of all, it is necessary to start treatment of the underlying disease that affected the test results. Since in most cases, an increased concentration of ALT is due to the development of hepatic pathologies, drugs of the hepatoprotective group are prescribed:

• Essential phospholipid (complex compounds of alcohols, high molecular weight acids and lipids). They stimulate the regeneration of hepatocytes, stabilize metabolic processes, maintain the balance of proteins, fats and carbohydrates (Essliver, Fosfonziale, Essentiale Forte N, Phosphogliv, etc.).
• Hepatoprotective lipotropics. Slow down or stop fatty liver infiltration (Heptral, Betargin, Hepa-Merz).
• Plant hepatoprotectors. Promote the restoration of liver cells, treatment requires long-term use. The tablets contain natural extracts medicinal herbs (Liv-52, Silimar, Karsil, Bongigar, etc.).

Additional therapy is carried out with drugs based on ursodeoxycholic acid (Ursosan, Urdoksa, Ursodez), and lipoic acid, which help neutralize toxins and alcohol breakdown products. Diet therapy can help lower ALT. A patient with impaired functional abilities of the liver and pancreas is prescribed the "Table No. 5" diet.

A brief table of allowed and prohibited foods with an increase in ALT in the blood

Important! If the ALT values \u200b\u200bare too high, any alcoholic beverages are completely excluded from the menu!

Outcome

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is an endogenous enzyme that accelerates the chemical reaction of the alanine amino acid. The main part of ALAT is contained in the liver, the rest is localized in the pancreas, myocardium and muscles. In a healthy man, the amount of the enzyme in the blood is no more than 45 U / L, in a woman - 34 U / L.

If the indicators are significantly increased, it means that the tissues and cells are pathologically altered and have serious damage through which alanine aminotransferase enters the bloodstream. Determination of the ALT level is carried out as part of a biochemical blood test.

In most cases, with an increased value of the enzyme, liver diseases (hepatitis, hepatosis, cirrhosis, etc.), chronic or acute pancreatitis, violation of cardiac activity (myocarditis, heart attack). The diagnosis must be confirmed by a detailed examination, including a number of laboratory tests and hardware diagnostic procedures.

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is a special substance involved in amino acid metabolism. It is usually found in organs such as the liver, heart, and kidneys.

The penetration of this enzyme into the bloodstream is evidence of a pathological process. What this means and with what ailments it is connected will be described later in the article.

In most cases, alanine aminotransferase is elevated in diseases affecting the liver. However, the possibility of pathology and other vital organs is not excluded.

The concentration of ALT in the blood is an important diagnostic indicator that determines the localization and severity of the pathology.

The main functions of ALT

This enzyme is essential for health. Thanks to him, metabolic processes are carried out, which helps to strengthen the immune system, provide the body with the necessary energy supply, as well as the production of lymphocytes.

All processes take place inside cells with a small release of the enzyme into the bloodstream.

Due to the destructive process that occurs in the cells of the liver and other organs affected by the disease, ALT in large quantities penetrates into the blood. Its presence, exceeding the permissible values, becomes an important indicator for the diagnosis of certain diseases.

The presence of alanine aminotransferase is characteristic of organs such as:

• the liver, where its concentration is highest;
• heart muscle;
• lungs;
• kidneys;
• pancreas.

This becomes a prerequisite for a thorough examination of these particular organs when high ALT values \u200b\u200bare found in the biochemical blood test.

Indications for analysis

An increase in ALT levels in a blood test signals not only pathology in the listed organs. It also indicates the possibility of the presence of other diseases.

That is why blood biochemistry is assessed... The analysis reveals deviations, becomes an integral part of preventive measures, effective way diagnosing serious diseases of the liver, myocardium and pancreas.

This study becomes mandatory when observing pathological changes in the liver that occur as a result of taking medications, hepatitis and poisoning with toxic substances.

A biochemical blood test is prescribed in case of the following symptoms:

• intense pain in the right hypochondrium;
• yellowness skin and ocular sclera;
• clarification of feces and dark urine;
• lack of appetite;
• general weakness.

Other symptoms

In addition to the manifestations listed above, indicating a high level of ALT in the blood, there are symptoms that appear depending on the defeat of a particular organ:

1. Liver. Ailments are accompanied by painful manifestations under the right ribs, discoloration of the skin and yellowness of the eyes. Viral hepatitis occurs in the background elevated temperature body. Cirrhosis is characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, the so-called spider veins appear on the skin.
2. A heart. The main symptom of myocardial infarction is intense pain in the area chest, giving to the subscapularis, left hand and jaw. Violated heartbeat, shortness of breath occurs, blood pressure decreases. There is general weakness, chills.
3. Pancreas. Nausea, repeated vomiting, sharp or aching pains in the stomach, bloating, weakness.

If there is oncological process, in addition to these signs, there is a sharp loss of weight and loss of strength.

Diagnostics

Identification of a high level of enzymes in combination with the listed manifestations makes it possible to quickly diagnose diseases, which significantly increases the effectiveness of treatment.

For research, blood from a vein is taken in the morning on an empty stomach. The reliability of the results depends on the preliminary preparation of the patient with the following simple rules:

• last meal no later than 8 hours before sampling biomaterial;
• elimination of alcohol and smoking cessation;
• limiting physical activity.

In case of use medications notify the physician.

Only if these requirements are met, the analyzes will be accurate, which will make it possible to make an accurate diagnosis.

Decoding analysis

It should be noted that when decoding the results, the values \u200b\u200bof such an enzyme as AST are also taken into account. According to the Ritis coefficient scale, which considers the ratio of these enzymes, indices up to 1.65 conventional units are taken as the norm.

Exceeding these values \u200b\u200bby 2 times indicates pathological changes in the heart muscle. Readings below 1.0 indicate liver damage.

However, with hepatitis of viral origin, a decrease in these values \u200b\u200bis observed, and liver damage due to alcohol poisoning provokes their significant increase.

Comprehensive examination of a patient with a high level of enzymes involves the use of MRI, CT, general analysis urine and blood tests and a number of other activities.

ALT norms

In an adult and in children, there is a significant difference in indicators that are considered within the normal range. The table shows that the permissible concentration of this substance depends not only on age, but also on gender:

The indicated values \u200b\u200bare approximate, but small fluctuations up or down are allowed - from 1 to 3 units.

Factors affecting performance

The reasons for the increase in ALT are quite varied. But most often they indicate liver pathology and are a kind of marker of its condition. In addition, high values \u200b\u200bare found even with minor diseases of other organs, when they are accompanied by cell destruction.

Among them:

1. Varieties of hepatitis. At the same time, chronic and viral forms do not cause a significant deviation of ALT from the norm.
2. Obstructive jaundice. High rates are also extremely rare.
3. Cirrhosis of the liver. It is characterized by the absence of pronounced symptoms for a long time.
4. Fatty liver disease - steatosis. This condition is characterized by a slight increase in the blood count. However, if the pathology turns into steatohepatitis, alanine aminotransferase increases significantly, and the level of direct and total bilirubin also increases.
5. Malignant neoplasms in the liver. They are often the result of hepatitis. Biochemical analysis to determine ALT indicators allows not only diagnosing the disease, but also making a conclusion about the need surgical intervention... ALT values \u200b\u200bincrease significantly after chemotherapy.
6. Pancreatitis With an exacerbation of the inflammatory process in the pancreas, ALT increases. Indicators can increase 3-6 times.
7. Myocarditis (damage to the heart muscle). In addition to increasing enzyme levels, a striking symptom becomes shortness of breath.
8. Myocardial infarction. The pathology is indicated by an excess of ALT values \u200b\u200bby 5 times. An increase of 10-12 times indicates the progression of deterioration.
9. Alcoholism. There is an increased concentration of ALT, which increases after drinking.
10. Muscular dystrophy. ALT values \u200b\u200bcan increase 8-9 times.

Exceptionally high rates provoke acute hepatitis: exceeding the norm by 20-45 times.

Other reasons

In addition to diseases, physiological reasons also act as factors causing the ALT values \u200b\u200bto deviate upward. Among them:

• exceeding the permissible physical activity;
• taking alcohol before the examination;
• stressful situations;
• eating fatty, fried, spicy foods.

Increased rates are observed during pregnancy. A slight deviation is considered natural.

Uncontrolled drug intake significantly affects the test results. Therefore, if possible, you should refrain from using them before performing the analysis.

How to bring the indicators back to normal

Exceptional informational content of the results of blood biochemistry on ALT, which makes it possible to diagnose wide range pathological conditions, does not give grounds for independently drawing conclusions and making decisions.

This prerogative should be given to qualified doctors.

The underlying principle in integrated approach to eliminate the problem is further examination in order to find out the root cause of the deviation from the norm. Having found out which disease triggered the increase in values, the doctor will choose the correct treatment tactics.

Diseases characterized by a particularly severe clinical course require a treatment course in a hospital setting.

These include:

• pancreatic necrosis;
• extensive myocardial infarction;
• acute and infectious hepatitis;
• cirrhosis of the liver;
• oncology.

The treatment of each of them is specific and requires strict adherence to the doctor's recommendations.

Drug treatment

Among the most effective drugs used specifically to lower enzymes in the blood, hepatoprotectors should be noted:

• Essentiale N;
• Heptral;
• Carsil;
• Tykveol.

Drugs in this group prevent further destruction of liver cells and other organs. At the same time, they restore cells damaged by the pathological process.

Other measures

In addition to taking hepatoprotectors, choleretic drugs and drugs that improve digestive processes, it is recommended to stick to a diet:

• meals should be fractional and frequent;
• fatty, fried and spicy foods should be excluded from the diet;
• banned smoked meats, sausages;
• it is not recommended to use marinades, get carried away with pickles;
• food should be steamed, baked, simmered or boiled;
• limit the use of strong tea, coffee;
• exclude alcohol and smoking.

On the use of folk methods

As an aid, it is allowed to use decoctions and infusions of chamomile, thyme, St. John's wort, peppermint.

However, you should consult your doctor before using them.

The biggest harm comes from self-medication and an irresponsible attitude to one's health.

In order to avoid serious consequences caused by untimely access to a specialist, a blood test should be done 1-2 times a year. This will allow not to miss the beginning of the destructive effect on the body of diseases of the liver, pancreas and heart.

Among the many enzymes that are indicators of hepatocellular disorders, the most useful and necessary are alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AsAT). Thanks to them, the reactions of transfer to the gamma group of ketoglutarate of the gamma groups of alanine and aspartate are accelerated. As a result of this process, pyruvic and oxalic-acetic acids are formed.

Both ALAT and ASAT are cellular enzymes of the kidneys, liver, heart. But alanine aminotransferase, first of all, is found in the liver and is considered its most important indicator, and aspartate aminotransferase is found in many (in addition to those listed above) organs and tissues, including skeletal muscles, the brain, etc. That is why the key enzyme AsAT is less characteristic as an indicator of liver function, and it takes part in the exchange of amino acids.

If the cells of the liver, heart, kidneys are destroyed, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enters the bloodstream. An increase in this cellular enzyme in the blood speaks of hidden diseases. When studies have shown that the content of ALT is high in the blood, the development of rather serious diseases is possible, such as:

And an increase in aspartate aminotransferase in the blood can lead to

If the overall indicator of ASAT and ALAT is increased, it is possible:

Extensive hepatic necrosis

Toxinogenic liver damage,

Severe viral hepatitis,

Prolonged vascular collapse.

In almost all human diseases, blood tests show that both AST and ALT are increased, that is, the level of both enzymes in these cases is almost the same and indicates the presence of pathology. But there is still one difference. If ALT is elevated to a greater extent than aspartate aminotransferase, this indicates incubation period development infectious hepatitis... If there is more AsAT in the blood, it is most often heart problems.

In a healthy person, the content of these cellular enzymes should be at the level of:

In men, up to 41 units per liter (U / L);

For women, up to 31 units per liter (U / L).

To determine the level of these enzymes of protein metabolism, a biochemical blood test is taken. The norm for ALT in it will be 28-190 nmol / (s L) or 0.1-, 68 μmol / (ml h), and for AsAt - 28-25 nmol / (s L) or 0.1-, 45 μmol / (ml h). This norm for both cases is given for the Reitman-Frenkel method (colorimetric research method).

Usually, blood tests for alanine aminotransferase are done to find out about the state of the liver, and for aspartate aminotransferase - to see what state the myocardium (heart muscle) is in. If the analysis shows them increased content in the blood, it means that processes of destruction and cell death take place in these organs. So, if AST has exceeded its blood level by 2-20 times, then it is quite possible to develop myocardial infarction. If ALAT is increased, it goes pathological process in the liver.

When reduced rate blood levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, experts know that there is a lack of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) in the body. This usually happens during pregnancy, with frequent hemodialysis and kidney failure.

Unfortunately, where these enzymes come from in the blood serum of a healthy person is still unknown, therefore the mechanism of their clearance is also unclear (an indicator of the speed of cleaning plasma, other biofluids and tissues from any substances due to their redistribution, biotransformation, excretion from the body).

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Norms and changes in the blood test for ALT and ASAT

Biochemical blood tests for ALT and AST are prescribed most often in the diagnosis of liver diseases. In some cases, the doctor prescribes research data to the patient when diagnosing pathologies of cardio-vascular system and skeletal muscles. What do the designations ALAT and ASAT mean, and what can deviations of these indicators from the norm indicate?

Biochemical blood test for ALT

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is an intracellular enzyme from the group of aminotransferases, which is involved in the exchange of amino acids.

The largest amount of alanine aminotransferase is found in liver and kidney cells. A slightly lower content of this enzyme in the cells of the heart muscle, skeletal muscle, spleen, pancreas, lungs, erythrocytes. The ALT activity in the blood serum of men is slightly higher than that of women.

There are certain indications for a blood test for the level of alanine aminotransferase:

• diagnosing liver diseases;
• monitoring of patients with different kinds hepatitis;
• examination of contact persons in the outbreak of viral hepatitis;
• examination of donors.

The ALT rate in the blood test depends on age. In addition, the activity of this enzyme is slightly higher in men than in women.

The value of the ALT norm in the blood test in children under six months is less than 60 U / L, up to a year - less than 54 U / L, up to six years - less than 30 U / L, up to 12 years - less than 38 U / L. For boys under 18 years of age, this indicator should normally not exceed 27 U / l, for girls under 18 years old - 24 U / l. For adult men normal value AlAT in the blood is less than 41 U / L, for adult women - less than 31 U / L.

An increase in the value of alanine aminotransferase in the blood test is observed with the following pathologies:

• viral hepatitis;
• toxic liver damage;
• cirrhosis of the liver;
• primary or metastatic liver cancer;
• fatty hepatosis;
• obstructive jaundice;
• severe pancreatitis;
• hypoxia, shock (usually with an asthmatic condition);
• myocarditis, extensive myocardial infarction;
• myodystrophy, myositis;
• right heart failure;
• severe burns;
• chronic alcoholism;
• some hemolytic diseases;
• taking hepatotoxic drugs (immunosuppressants, antibiotics, anabolic steroids, psychotropic drugs, antineoplastic drugs, contraceptives, sulfa drugs, salicylates).

Biochemical blood test for AST

In most cases, the doctor will simultaneously prescribe blood tests for ALT and AST.

Aspartaminotransferase (AST) is an enzyme that is involved in the exchange of amino acids. Its greatest amount is found in the cells of the liver, cardiac myocardium, nerve tissues, muscles. Also, this enzyme is found in the cells of the pancreas, kidneys, and lungs. In case of damage and pathologies of the above organs, AST is released into the bloodstream, and therefore its content in the blood test increases.

Indications for prescribing a blood test for AST are the following situations:

• diagnosing liver pathologies;
• diagnostics of myocardial infarction and some other diseases of the heart muscle;
• diagnosing pathologies of skeletal muscles.

The norm of AST in the blood in children under 12 months of age should be no higher than 60 U / L, up to nine years old - not higher than 55 U / L, in adult men - less than 41 U / L, in adult women - less than 31 U / L.

The level of aspartaminotransferase in the blood increases in the following diseases and conditions:

• toxic, viral, alcoholic hepatitis;
• primary and metastatic liver cancer;
• acute pancreatitis;
• cholestasis;
• severe attack of angina pectoris, myocardial infarction;
• pulmonary thrombosis;
• conducting angiocardiography, cardiac surgery;
• rheumatic heart disease in the acute stage;
• myopathies (chronic muscle diseases);
• skeletal muscle injury;
• heatstroke;
• burns.

A slight increase in ASAT is observed with excessive muscular load.

A decrease in the level of this enzyme in the blood indicates a deficiency of vitamin B6 in the body, severe liver pathologies (liver rupture).

How to pass blood tests for ALAT and ASAT correctly?

In order for there to be no false deviations from the norm in blood tests for ALT, as well as for AST, it is necessary to properly prepare for donating blood.

The day before blood sampling, fried, fatty, spicy foods, alcoholic beverages should be excluded from the diet. It is recommended to avoid excessive physical activity.

Blood is taken for analysis in the morning on an empty stomach; at least eight hours should have passed since the last meal.

You should not donate blood for these studies immediately after fluorography, X-ray, ultrasound, rectal examination, physiotherapy procedures.

If the patient is taking any medications, he should notify the doctor who prescribes the analysis. Some medications can significantly distort the test results.

Only a qualified doctor can make a competent decoding of the biochemical blood test for ALT, as well as for ASAT.

http://ymadam.net/zdorove/sdaem-analizy/analiz-krovi-na-alat-i-asat.php

What do blood tests for ALAT and ASAT show?

2 Standards of indicators

The norm of the number of units per 1 liter of blood:

• ALT - in men up to 40 units / l, and in women up to 32 units / l;
• AST - in men from 15 - 31 units / l, and in women from 20 - 40 units / l.

What is a biochemical blood test? When the study is carried out in laboratory conditions, then this is a biochemical analysis. It is a reference point for the attending physician, since it shows a complete picture of the work of all vital organs:

• liver,
• pancreas,
• kidneys,
• gallbladder, etc.

This analysis considers the following indicators:

• blood glucose;
• bilirubin;
• ASAT and ALAT;
• gamma - GT;
• phosphatase alkaline;
• cholesterol;
• LDL (unhealthy fats);
• triglycerides;
• total protein;
• albumen;
• potassium;
• sodium;
• chlorine;
• creatinine;
• urea and uric acid;
• C-reactive protein (CRP);
• iron.

If there is a deviation from the norm of one or another indicator, the doctor becomes clear what exactly needs to be regulated or treated.

3 Preparation for the delivery of material for research

If the patient is taking any medications, then, most likely, shortly before the test, the doctor will cancel the drug that can change the accuracy of the blood count. Blood is donated in the morning on an empty stomach (the last meal is 12 hours in advance).

To prepare for the analysis, you must:

1. 1. Eliminate alcohol one day before donating blood.
2. 2. Give up cigarettes in an hour.
3. 3. Chewing gum you can't chew either.
4. 4. Drinking any liquids is also prohibited.

For analysis, take blood from a vein. The answer will be in one day. Deciphering the analysis without medical knowledge is impossible, therefore, a doctor's consultation is necessary.

In most cases, elevated ALAT levels are associated with liver disease. This is a sign that there is a disease in this organ. It should be noted that in a biochemical blood test, the level of this enzyme is higher than normal 1 or 4 weeks before the onset of symptoms of the disease. And in acute period disease rates increase by almost 10 times.

In 1 minute, the liver can cleanse or neutralize up to a million molecules of toxic substances, and in about an hour - up to 100 liters of blood. Sometimes, for some reason, cells are damaged, the contents of the cells are released outside and into the blood. If such indicators are high in a biochemical blood test, this will mean that cells are being destroyed in the body.

4 Why does the ALAT enzyme rise in the blood?

There can be many reasons for increasing the amount of the ALAT enzyme:

• excess fat stored in liver cells;
• hepatitis, jaundice;
• cirrhosis;
• taking medications such as Paracetamol or antibiotics
• poisoning with chemicals;
• tumor, cancer, or metastasis;
• myocardial infarction, heart surgery;
• muscle injury;
• alcohol addiction.

If the body does not have enough vitamin B6, then the level of this enzyme in the blood will decrease.
The liver is a unique organ that can recover in 3 months if you take on its treatment.

ACAT, like the previous enzyme, transports (transfers) amino acids from molecule to molecule. It contains vitamin B6. As a result of the work of enzymes, glucogenes (sugars, but not from carbohydrates) are formed, which support the body during physical activity, fasting when you need energy i.e. this enzyme is a participant in energy metabolism.

The difference between these two enzymes is that an increased level of ACAT in the blood warns primarily of heart disease, more precisely, myocardial infarction. The largest share of the ACAT enzyme is muscle tissue - myocardium and muscles. In other organs, their concentration is less.

During the delivery of the analysis, the age of the person and gender matter. Since muscles play the leading role in this analysis, men have more muscle mass than women, respectively, and the indicators will be high. In children, the indicators will be higher due to active development muscular skeleton.

Indicators will be variable in pregnant women. Elevated level the hormone estrogen has an effect on the liver, therefore, an increase in ALT and AST in pregnant women is considered to be the norm. But if high rates are accompanied by toxicosis, then urgent treatment is required, because it can be dangerous for both the baby and the mother. If a pregnant woman does not eat properly, then she may have a lack of vitamin B6, and then a blood test will show a decrease in the level of AST and ALT.

5 Why is the ASAT level deviating from the norm?

The reasons for the increase and decrease in the level of AST are almost the same as with ALT, only if with ALAT the state of the liver is at the forefront, then in the case of ASAT - the heart and muscles.

Some of the reasons:

1. 1. Heart - myocardial infarction, coronary insufficiency, heart surgery, angina pectoris, tachycardia, rheumatic heart disease, arterial thrombi.
2. 2. The liver.
3. 3. Gallbladder.
4. 4. Pancreas.

Doctors after receiving laboratory research, it remains to determine the painful process of the organ in which the violations occurred. What is needed to normalize the level of ALT and AST enzymes:

1. 1. Do not drink alcohol, even in small doses.
2. 2. Review medications and, if necessary, change medications.
3. 3. Cure inflammatory processes in organism.
4. 4. Take a course of liver or heart treatment.
5. 5. Change your lifestyle, in particular, revise your diet. Avoid unhealthy fats and include healthy foods.

All treatment should be under the supervision of a doctor in order to correctly normalize the level of enzymes. Usually, if there is a deviation from the norm, AST or ALT is consulted with a hepatologist or cardiologist.

Medicines that increase the level of these enzymes:

• Heparin;
• antibiotics;
• NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs);
• antifungal;
• anticonvulsants;
• lowering blood sugar;
• fluoroquinolones - antimicrobial drugs;
• nitrofurans - antibacterial drugs;
• frame - cholesterol-lowering drugs.

If the body lacks vitamin B6, then the activity of enzymes will be reduced. In this case, it is useful to eat foods rich in this vitamin:

1. 1. Sprouted grains, any.
2. 2. Walnuts.
3. 3. Legumes, soybeans, cereals.
4. 4. Vegetables - carrots, cabbage, spinach, tomatoes.
5. 5. Strawberries, lemon, oranges, cherries.
6. 6. Meat and dairy products, eggs, fish.

It is not difficult to normalize the level of enzymes, you just need to pass the appropriate test and follow the instructions of the doctor.

And a little about secrets.

A healthy liver is the key to your longevity. This body carries out great amount vital functions. If the first symptoms of the disease were noticed gastrointestinal tract or liver, namely: yellowing of the sclera of the eyes, nausea, rare or frequent stools, you just have to take action.

http://zdorpechen.ru/diagnostic/biochemistry/alat-i-asat-chto-eto-takoe

What do blood tests for ALAT and ASAT show? Your doctor will tell you about this. ALAT and ASAT are 2 enzymes that are involved in biochemical reactions.
The abbreviation stands for ALAT (ALT) - alanine aminotransferase or simply aminotransferase, ASAT (AST) - aspartate aminotransferase or simply aspartate.

Essence of the question

These enzymes are involved in the transport of amino acids from one molecule to another. Amino acids play a major role in the building of proteins. ALAT contains an amino acid - alanine (hence the name ALAT), and ASAT contains asparagine and the enzyme pyridoxine (vitamin B 6). There is a list of organs in which these enzymes are synthesized, in descending order, i.e. the organ with the most enzyme will come first on the list.

ALAT is present in:

• liver,
• kidneys,
• a heart,
• in skeletal muscles.

ASAT is present in:

• a heart,
• liver,
• brain cells
• muscle tissue of skeletal muscles.

There are specially established numbers (limit) by which the doctor sees the state of the listed organs. If cells are destroyed, then their integrity is violated, and enzymes enter the blood. Depending on which enzyme is more in the blood test, it can be concluded about the state of the corresponding organ.

Indicator standards

The norm of the number of units per 1 liter of blood:

• ALT - in men up to 40 units / l, and in women up to 32 units / l;
• AST - in men from 15 - 31 units / l, and in women from 20 - 40 units / l.

What is a biochemical blood test? When the study is carried out in laboratory conditions, then this is a biochemical analysis. It is a reference point for the attending physician, since it shows a complete picture of the work of all vital organs:

• liver,
• pancreas,
• kidneys,
• gallbladder, etc.

This analysis considers the following indicators:

• blood glucose;
• bilirubin;
• ASAT and ALAT;
• gamma - GT;
• phosphatase alkaline;
• cholesterol;
• LDL (unhealthy fats);
• triglycerides;
• total protein;
• albumen;
• potassium;
• sodium;
• chlorine;
• creatinine;
• urea and uric acid;
• C-reactive protein (CRP);
• iron.

If there is a deviation from the norm of one or another indicator, the doctor becomes clear what exactly needs to be regulated or treated.

Preparation for the delivery of material for research

If the patient is taking any medications, then, most likely, shortly before the test, the doctor will cancel the drug that can change the accuracy of the blood count. Blood is donated in the morning on an empty stomach (the last meal is 12 hours in advance).

To prepare for the analysis, you must:

1. 1. Eliminate alcohol one day before donating blood.
2. 2. Give up cigarettes in an hour.
3. 3. Chewing gum is also prohibited.
4. 4. Drinking any liquids is also prohibited.

For analysis, take blood from a vein. The answer will be in one day. Deciphering the analysis without medical knowledge is impossible, therefore, a doctor's consultation is necessary.

In most cases, elevated ALAT levels are associated with liver disease. This is a sign that there is a disease in this organ. It should be noted that in a biochemical blood test, the level of this enzyme is higher than normal 1 or 4 weeks before the onset of symptoms of the disease. And in the acute period of the disease, the indicators increase almost 10 times.

In 1 minute, the liver can cleanse or neutralize up to a million molecules of toxic substances, and in about an hour - up to 100 liters of blood. Sometimes, for some reason, cells are damaged, the contents of the cells are released outside and into the blood. If such indicators are high in a biochemical blood test, this will mean that cells are being destroyed in the body.

Why does the ALAT enzyme rise in the blood?

There are many reasons for increasing the amount of the ALAT enzyme:

• excess fat stored in liver cells;
• hepatitis, jaundice;
• cirrhosis;
• taking medications such as Paracetamol or antibiotics
• poisoning with chemicals;
• tumor, cancer, or metastasis;
• myocardial infarction, heart surgery;
• muscle injury;
• alcohol addiction.

If the body does not have enough vitamin B6, then the level of this enzyme in the blood will decrease.
The liver is a unique organ that can recover in 3 months if you take on its treatment.

ACAT, like the previous enzyme, transports (transfers) amino acids from molecule to molecule. It contains vitamin B6. As a result of the work of enzymes, glucogenes (sugars, but not from carbohydrates) are formed, which support the body during physical exertion, fasting, when energy is needed, i.e. this enzyme is a participant in energy metabolism.

The difference between these two enzymes is that an increased level of ACAT in the blood warns primarily of heart disease, more precisely, myocardial infarction. The largest share of the ACAT enzyme is found in muscle tissues - myocardium and muscles. In other organs, their concentration is less.

During the delivery of the analysis, the age of the person and gender matter. Since muscles play a leading role in this analysis, men have more muscle mass than women, respectively, and the indicators will be high. In children, the indicators will be higher due to the active development of the muscular skeleton.

Indicators will be variable in pregnant women. An increased level of the hormone estrogen affects the liver, therefore, an increase in ALT and AST in pregnant women is considered normal. But if high rates are accompanied by toxicosis, then urgent treatment is required, because it can be dangerous for both the baby and the mother. If a pregnant woman does not eat properly, then she may have a lack of vitamin B6, and then a blood test will show a decrease in the level of AST and ALT.

Why does the ASAT level deviate from the norm?

The reasons for the increase and decrease in the level of AST are almost the same as with ALT, only if with ALAT the state of the liver is at the forefront, then in the case of ASAT - the heart and muscles.

Some of the reasons:

1. 1. Heart - myocardial infarction, coronary insufficiency, heart surgery, angina pectoris, tachycardia, rheumatic heart disease, arterial thrombi.
2. 2. The liver.
3. 3. Gallbladder.
4. 4. Pancreas.

After receiving laboratory tests, doctors need to determine the painful process of the organ in which the disorders occurred. What is needed to normalize the level of ALT and AST enzymes:

1. 1. Do not drink alcohol, even in small doses.
2. 2. Review medications and, if necessary, change medications.
3. 3. Cure inflammatory processes in the body.
4. 4. Take a course of liver or heart treatment.
5. 5. Change your lifestyle, in particular, revise your diet. Avoid unhealthy fats and include healthy foods.

All treatment should be under the supervision of a doctor in order to correctly normalize the level of enzymes. Usually, if there is a deviation from the norm, AST or ALT is consulted with a hepatologist or cardiologist.

Medicines that increase the level of these enzymes:

• Heparin;
• antibiotics;
• NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs);
• antifungal;
• anticonvulsants;
• lowering blood sugar;
• fluoroquinolones - antimicrobial drugs;
• nitrofurans - antibacterial drugs;
• frame - cholesterol-lowering drugs.

If there is a lack of vitamin B6 in the body, then the activity of enzymes will be reduced. In this case, it is useful to eat foods rich in this vitamin:

1. 1. Sprouted grains, any.
2. 2. Walnuts.
3. 3. Legumes, soybeans, cereals.
4. 4. Vegetables - carrots, cabbage, spinach, tomatoes.
5. 5. Strawberries, lemon, oranges, cherries.
6. 6. Meat and dairy products, eggs, fish.

It is not difficult to normalize the level of enzymes, you just need to pass the appropriate test and follow the instructions of the doctor.